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Environmentally Responsible Lightweight Passenger Vehicle Design and Manufacturing

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Automotive Innovation 2023年第3期6卷 300-310页

作者： Glenn S.Daehn katrin E.Daehn Oliver Kuttner Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Ohio State UniversityColumbusUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUSA Edision2 CharlottesvilleUSA

The mass reduction of passenger vehicles has been a great focus of academic research and federal policy initiatives of the United States with coordinated funding efforts and even a focus of a Manufacturing USA *** potential benefit of these programs can be described as modest from a societal point of view,for example reducing vehicle mass by up to 25%with modest cost implications(under$5 per pound saved)and the ability to implement with existing manufacturing *** more aggressive reductions in greenhouse gas production are necessary and possible,while delivering the same *** is demonstrated with a higher-level design thinking exercise on an environmentally responsible lightweight vehicle,leading to the following criteria:lightweight,low aerodynamic drag,long-lived(over 30 years and 2 million miles),adaptable,electric,and used in a shared manner on average over 8 h per *** these specifications,passenger-mile demand may be met with around 1/10 of the current *** vehicles would likely have significantly different designs and construction than incumbent *** is likely future automotive production will be more analogous to current aircraft produc-tion with higher costs per pound and lower volumes,but with dramatically reduced financial and environmental cost per passenger mile,with less material per vehicle,and far less material required in the national or worldwide *** benefits of this vision include far fewer parking lots,greater accessibility to personal transportation,and improved pedestrian safety,while maintaining a vibrant and engaging *** systemic changes to the business models and research and development directions(including lightweight design and manufacturing)are discussed,which could bring forth far more sustainable personal transportation.

关键词： Sustainability Personal transportation Lighgweighting Design

First genome-wide association study of 99 body measures derived from 3-dimensional body scans

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第3期9卷 777-788页

作者： Andreas Kuhnapfel Peter Ahnert katrin h.rn holger Kirsten Markus Loeffler Markus Scholz Institute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Epidemiology(IMISE)Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityHartelstrafte 16-18Leipzig 04107Germany LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityPhilipp-Rosenthal-Strafie 27Leipzig 04103Germany Integrated Research and Treatment Center(IFB) Adiposity DiseasesUniversity Medical CenterLeipzig UniversityPhilipp-Rosenthal-Strafle 27Leipzig 04103Germany

Body height,body mass index,hip and waist circumference are important risk factors or outcome variables in clinical and epidemiological research with complex underlying ***,these classical anthropometric traits represent only a very limited view on the human body and other traits with potentially higher functional specificity are not yet studied to a larger *** of LIFE-Adult were assessed by three-dimensional body scanner VITUS XXL determining 99 high-quality anthropometric traits in *** was performed by Axiom Genome-Wide CEU 1 Array Plate microarray technology and imputation was done using 1000 Genomes phase 3 reference *** phenotype and genetic information are available for a total of 7,562 *** heritabilities were estimated for height traits(maximum heritability with h2=44%for neck height)and 61 traits achieved values larger than 20%.By genome-wide analyses,we identified 16 loci associated with at least one of the 99 *** of these loci were not described for association with classical anthropometric traits so *** strongest novel association was observed for 7p14.3(rs11979006,P=2.12×10^(-9))for the trait Back Width with ZNRF2 as the most plausible candidate *** established for association with classical anthropometric traits were subjected to anthropometric phenome-wide association *** the reported 709 loci,211 *** with body scanner traits(enrichment:OR=1.96,P=1.08×10^(-61)).We conclude that genetics of 3D laser-based anthropometry is promising to identify novel loci and to improve the functional understanding of established ones.

关键词： 3D-anthropometry Genetic correlation GWAS heritability PheWAS

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第6期9卷 1506-1520页

作者： Jon Christiansen Anne-katrin Guttsches Ulrike Schara-Schmidt Matthias Vorgerd Christoph heute Corinna Preusse Werner Stenzel Andreas Roos Department of Pediatric Neurology Centre for Neuromuscular DisordersCentre for Translational Neuro-and Behavioral SciencesUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity Duisburg-Essen45147 EssenGermany Department of Neurology Heimer Institute for Muscle ResearchUniversity Hospital BergmannsheilRuhr University Bochum44789 BochumGermany Department of Adult and Pediatric Diagnostic Interventional RadiologyNuclear MedicineBG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum44789 BochumGermany Charite´e Universitatsmedizin Berlin Freie Universitat Berlin10117 BerlinGermany humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Department of Neuropathology10117 BerlinGermany Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology University Hospital MunsterAlbert-Schweitzer-Campus 148149 MunsterGermany Children’s hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

Anoctamin-5(ANO5)is a multi-pass membrane protein localized to the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic *** were linked to rare autosomal recessive muscle ***,we summarize the clinical spectrum,imaging data and molecular research findings as well as results of animal modeling,which significantly moved forward the understanding of mechanisms underlying ANO5-related muscle *** that precise histological information on inflammatory processes taking place in patient-derived muscle are still lacking,an(immuno)histological study on biopsies derived from six ANO5-patients was performed showing focal accumulation of necrotic fibers,mild fiber-size variances and *** addition,MRI data of four ANO5-patients(including a 10-year follow-up in one patient)are presented and discussed in the context of previously published ***,data presented in this article combining a review of the literature with own myopathological findings address scientific trends and open questions on ANO5-related muscle diseases,which would be of significant interest for a wide neuromuscular diseases *** conclude,a clear genotypeephenotype correlation does not exist,and ANO5-related muscle disorders might represent the next entity of a clinical continuum with varying degree of muscle cell *** addition,results of pre-clinical studies allowed the definition of suitable cell and animal models characterized by certain histological and functional pathologies resembling the human *** models might serve as suitable systems for testing of interventional concepts in future.

关键词： Anoctamin-5 LGMDR12 MMD3 Muscle inflammation Muscle MRI

Iatrogenic atrial septal defects after transseptal puncture for percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion and their hemodynamic effects

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第9期19卷 675-684页

作者： Ioannis Drosos Roberta De Rosa Philipp C.Seppelt Sebastian Cremer Silvia Mas-Peiro katrin hemmann Jana Oppermann Recha Blessing Mariuca Vasa-Nicotera Andreas M.Zeiher Zisis Dimitriadis Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine IIIUniversity Hospital FrankfurtGoethe University Frankfurt am MainFrankfurtGermany German Center for Cardiovascular Research(DZhK) BerlinGermany Cardiopulmonary Institute(CPI) FrankfurtGermany Center of Cardiology University Medical Center MainzMainzGermany Di-vision of Cardiology and Intensive Care Department of Internal MedicineSt.Ansgar HospitalHöxterGermany

Background Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO)requires puncture of the interatrial *** immediate hemodynamic effects of iatrogenic atrial septal defects(iASD)after LAAO have not been examined so *** aimed at evaluat-ing these effects through invasive measurements of pressure and oxygen ***,we assessed the incidence of per-sistent iASD at three *** Forty-eight patients scheduled for percutaneous LAAO were prospectively included in the *** and oxygen saturation were measured(1)in the right atrium(RA)before transseptal puncture,(2)in the left atrium(LA)through the transseptal sheath after transseptal puncture,(3)in the LA after removal of introducer sheath,and(4)in the RA after removal of introducer *** echocardiography was performed at three months to detect *** Pressure in the RA increased significantly after removing the introducer sheath(P=0.034),whereas no difference was found in oxygen saturation in the RA(P=0.623).Pressure measurement in the LA showed no significant difference after re-moving the introducer sheath(P=0.718).Oxygen saturation in the LA also showed no significant difference(P=0.129).Follow-up transesophageal echocardiogram at 3 months revealed a persistent iASD in 4 patients(8.5%).CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that iASD after percutaneous LAAO does not result in significant shunts directly after the procedure,although a significant increase of mean right atrial pressure can be *** iASDs after percutaneous LAAO seem to be relatively rare at three months.

关键词： atrial septal puncture

Antigen presentation,autoantibody production,and therapeutic targets in autoimmune liver disease

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第1期18卷 92-111页

作者： Andrea Kristina horst Kingsley Gideon Kumashie katrin Neumann Linda Diehl Gisa Tiegs Institute of Experimental Immunology and hepatology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfMartinistraBe 52D-20251 HamburgGermany hamburg Center for Translational Immunology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfMartinistraBe 52D-20251 HamburgGermany

The liver is an important immunological organ that controls systemic *** liver harbors professional and unconventional antigen-presenting cells that are crucial for tolerance induction and *** the immune response in homeostasis depends on a healthy and well-toned immunological liver microenvironment,which Is maintained by the crosstalk of liver-resident antigen-presenting cells and intrahepatic and liver-infiltrating *** response to pathogens or autoantigens,tolerance is disrupted by unknown *** parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells exhibit unique antigen-presenting *** presentation of microbial and endogenous lipid-,metabolite-and peptide-derived antigens from the gut via conventional and nonconventional mechanisms can educate intrahepatic immune cells and elicit effector responses or *** of this balance results in autoimmune liver diseases,such as autoimmune hepatitis,primary biliary cholangitis,and primary sclerosing *** the exact etiologies of these autoimmune liver diseases are unknown,it is thought that the disruption of tolerance towards self-antigens and microbial metabolites and lipids,as well as alterations in bile acid composition,may result in changes in effector cell activation and polarization and may reduce or impair protective antiinflammatory regulatory T and B cell ***,the canonical and noncanonical transmission of antigens and antigen:MhC complexes via trogocytosis or extracellular vesicles between different(non)immune cells in the liver may play a role in the induction of hepatic inflammation and ***,we summarize emerging aspects of antigen presentation,autoantibody production,and the application of novel therapeutic approaches in the characterization and treatment of autoimmune liver diseases.

关键词： liver tolerance autoimmune liver disease antigen presentating cell

A multi-stage triaxial testing procedure for low permeable geomaterials applied to Opalinus Clay

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第3期9卷 137-148页

作者： katrin M. Wild Marco Barla Giovanni Turinetti Florian Amann Engineering Geology Group Geological Institute ETH Zürich Sonneggstrasse 5 Zürich 8092 Switzerland Department of Structural Building and Geotechnical Engineering Politecnico di Torino Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 10129 Italy Swiss Competence Center of Energy Research Supply of Electricity (SCCER-SoE) Geological Institute ETH Zürich Sonneggstrasse 5 Zürich 8092Switzerland

In many engineering applications,it is important to determine both effective rock properties and the rock behavior which are representative for the problem’s in situ *** this purpose,rock samples are usually extracted from the ground and brought to the laboratory to perform laboratory experiments such as consolidated undrained(CU)triaxial *** low permeable geomaterials such as clay shales,core extraction,handling,storage,and specimen preparation can lead to a reduction in the degree of saturation and the effective stress state in the specimen prior to testing remains *** changes in structure and the effect of capillary pressure can alter the properties of the specimen and affect the reliability of the test results.A careful testing procedure including back-saturation,consolidation and adequate shearing of the specimen,however,can overcome these *** substantial effort has been devoted during the past decades to the establishment of a testing procedure for low permeable geomaterials,no consistent protocol can be *** a special focus on CU tests on Opalinus Clay,this study gives a review of the theoretical concepts necessary for planning and validating the results during the individual testing stages(saturation,consolidation,and shearing).The discussed tests protocol is further applied to a series of specimens of Opalinus Clay to illustrate its applicability and highlight the key aspects.

关键词： Triaxial test Saturation Consolidation Undrained Opalinus Clay Clay shale

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计算机模拟与实验:校内校外教学比较研究

中国校外教育 2024年第2期 104-128页

作者：约翰娜·克鲁格蒂姆·霍夫勒马丁·沃尔凯特琳·尼克梅耶伊尔卡·帕奇曼华静(译) 朱子健(译) 陈香(译) 房传修(译) Leibniz Institute for Science and Mathematics Education GEOMAR helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel 华东理工大学外语学院上海理工大学外语学院

在现代科学教育中,交互式计算机模拟与实操性实验是两种重要的教学方法。已有研究未能充分阐释这两种方法的优劣,也未能对二者进行充分的比较。本文将二者作为科学教育的学习工具,在不同的学习地点(研究Ⅰ:学校;研究Ⅱ:科学中心的学生... 详细信息

在现代科学教育中,交互式计算机模拟与实操性实验是两种重要的教学方法。已有研究未能充分阐释这两种方法的优劣,也未能对二者进行充分的比较。本文将二者作为科学教育的学习工具,在不同的学习地点(研究Ⅰ:学校;研究Ⅱ:科学中心的学生实验室)的学生间,从学科知识成绩、情境兴趣发展和认知负荷方面进行了比较研究。研究结果显示,无论学习地点在哪,使用计算机模拟的学生比进行实操性实验的学生认知负荷更高,但学习成功率也要高。与计算机模拟(特别是当认知和价值相关时)相比,实操性实验更能促进情境兴趣。研究认为讲授复杂的话题运用计算机模拟可能更为适合。但其他相关研究发现表明,使用一种教学方法可以弥补另一种教学方法的缺陷。综合以上研究得出,最有效的方式是将这两种方法结合起来,这有助于在校内外学习环境中成功地进行现代科学教育。

关键词：科学教育实操性实验计算机模拟学习兴趣

Sharpening emitter localization in front of a tuned mirror

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 71-78页

作者： hannah S.heil Benjamin Schreiber Ralph Götz Monika Emmerling Marie-Christine Dabauvalle Georg Krohne Sven höfling Martin Kamp Markus Sauer katrin G.heinze Rudolf Virchow Center Research Center for Experimental BiomedicineUniversity of WürzburgJosef-Schneider-Str.297080 WürzburgGermany Department of Biotechnology and Biophysics BiozentrumUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany Technische Physik Physikalisches Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material SystemsUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany Division of Electron Microscopy BiozentrumUniversity of WürzburgAm Hubland97074 WürzburgGermany SUPA School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK

Single-molecule localization microscopy(SMLM)aims for maximized precision and a high signal-to-noise *** features can be provided by placing the emitter in front of a metal-dielectric nanocoating that acts as a tuned mirror2–***,we demonstrate that a higher photon yield at a lower background on biocompatible metal-dielectric nanocoatings substantially improves SMLM performance and increases the localization precision by up to a factor of *** resolution improvement relies solely on easy-to-fabricate nanocoatings on standard glass coverslips and is spectrally and spatially tunable by the layer design and wavelength,as experimentally demonstrated for dual-color SMLM in cells.

关键词： emitter mirror tunable

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French For Dummies 2