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Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： Tom Flinn David O.Kleemann Alyce M.Swinbourne Jennifer M.Kelly Alice C.Weaver Simon K.Walker kathryn l.gatford Karen l.Kind William H.E.J.van Wettere Davies livestock Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research Centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： lamb survival Melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

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Review of the impact of heat stress on reproductive performance of sheep

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第3期12卷 859-876页

作者： William H.E.J.van Wettere Karen l.Kind kathryn l.gatford Alyce M.Swinbourne Stephan T.leu Peter T.Hayman Jennifer M.Kelly Alice C.Weaver David O.Kleemann Simon K.Walker The University of Adelaide School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesDavies Livestock Research CentreRoseworthy CampusMudla Wirra RdRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia The University of Adelaide Robinson Research InstituteAdelaide Medical SchoolNorth TerraceAdelaideSouth Australia 5000Australia The University of Adelaide School of AgricultureFood and WineWaite Research InstituteUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAGovernment of South AustraliaClimate ApplicationsWaite Research PrecinctUrrbraeSouth Australia 5064Australia South Australian Research and Development Institute Primary Industries and Regions SAReproductive BiologyLivestock SciencesTurretfield Research Centre129 Holland RdRosedaleSouth Australia 5350Australia

Heat stress significantly impairs reproduction of sheep,and under current climatic conditions is a significant risk to the efficiency of the meat and wool production,with the impact increasing as global temperatures *** from field studies and studies conducted using environmental chambers demonstrate the effects of hot temperatures(≥32℃)on components of ewe fertility(oestrus,fertilisation,embryo survival and lambing)are most destructive when experienced from 5 d before until 5 d after *** controlled studies also demonstrate that ram fertility,as measured by rates of fertilisation and embryo survival,is reduced when mating occurs during the period 14 to 50 d ***,the contribution of the ram to heat induced reductions in flock fertility is difficult to determine *** primarily on temperature controlled studies,it is clear that sustained exposure to high temperatures(≥32℃)during pregnancy reduces lamb birthweight and will,therefore,decrease lamb survival under field *** is concluded that both ewe and ram reproduction is affected by relatively modest levels of heat stress(≥32℃)and this is a concern given that a significant proportion of the global sheep population experiences heat stress of this magnitude around mating and during *** this,strategies to limit the impacts of the climate on the homeothermy,behaviour,resource use and reproduction of extensively grazed sheep are limited,and there is an urgency to improve knowledge and to develop husbandry practices to limit these impacts.

关键词： Fertility Heat stress Oogenesis Pregnancy Sheep Spermatogenesis

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Assessment of portable FTIR and Raman spectroscopy for the detection of 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB)in plastic explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第4期34卷 11-18页

作者： Jacky Cailes Robert Dunsmore kathryn l.linge ChemCentre PO Box 1250PerthAustralia

The Marplex Convention was established to prevent the manufacture of unmarked plastic explosives and stipulates that a volatile detection agent must be added at the time of ***,to-date,laboratory testing remains the internationally accepted practice for identifying and quantifying the taggants stipulated in the *** this project,portable FTIR and Raman instruments were tested for their ability to detect 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB),the chemical marker incorporated in plastic explosives that are manufactured within *** both FTIR and Raman instruments detected solid DMDNB(98%purity),field analysis of plastic explosives at an Australian Defence establishment showed that both FTIR and Raman spectra were matched the relevant explosive(RDX or PETN),rather than the DMDNB *** all three plastic explosives tested,the concentration of DMDNB was measured by SPME-GC-MS to be between 1.8 and 2%,greater than the minimum 1%concentration stipulated by the Marplex *** testing with a plastic explosive analogue confirmed that the minor absorption peaks that would characterize low concentrations of DMDNB were masked by absorption bands from other compounds within the ***,while both FTIR and Raman spectroscopy are suitable for detection of plastic explosives,neither rely on the presence of DMDNB for *** is likely that similar results would be found for other taggants stipulated by the Marplex Convention,given they are also present in concentrations less than 1%.

关键词： Explosive ICAO taggants 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane(DMDNB) Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) Raman

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Organic chloramines in chlorine-based disinfected water systems： A critical review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 2-18页

作者： Zuo Tong How Ina Kristiana Francesco Busetti kathryn l.linge Cynthia A.Joll Curtin Water Quality Research Centre Department of Chemistry Curtin University Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia

This paper is a critical review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems,including their formation, stability, toxicity, analytical methods for detection, and their impact on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine（the difference between the measured free and total chlorine concentrations）, and may include N-chloramines,N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic chloramines that form during disinfection are unstable, which results in difficulties in sampling and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic ***, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic chloramines can be formed from many different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and management of their formation.

关键词： Amino acids Disinfection by-products Organic chloramines N-chloramine Drinking water quality Organic bromamines Organic iodamines

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Acute drivers of neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1481-1489页

作者： kathryn l.Wofford David J.loane D.Kacy Cullen Center for Brain Injury&Repair Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Center for Neurotrauma Neurodegeneration&RestorationCorporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Anesthesiology and Shock Traumaand Anesthesiology Research(STAR)CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College DublinIreland Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Neuroinflammation is initiated as a result of traumatic brain injury and can exacerbate evolving tissue *** cells respond to acute signals from damaged cells,initiate neuroinflammation,and drive the pathological consequences over ***,the mechanism(s)of injury,the location of the immune cells within the brain,and the animal species all contribute to immune cell behavior following traumatic brain *** the signals that initiate neuroinflammation and the context in which they appear may be critical for understanding immune cell contributions to pathology and *** this paper,we review a number of factors that could affect immune cell behavior acutely following traumatic brain injury.

关键词： traumatic brain injury inflammation neuroinflammation microglia macrophage acute diffuse brain injury cytokines adenosine 5′-triphosphoate glutamate calcium

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Formation and control of nitrogenous DBPs from Western Australian source waters: Investigating the impacts of high nitrogen and bromide concentrations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 102-115页

作者： Ina Kristiana Deborah liew Rita K.Henderson Cynthia A.Joll kathryn l.linge Curtin Water Quality Research Centre Department of Chemistry Curtin University School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales

We studied the formation of four nitrogenous DBPs（N-DBPs） classes（haloacetonitriles,halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines）, as well as trihalomethanes and total organic halogen（TOX）, after chlorination or chloramination of source waters. We also evaluated the relative and additive toxicity of N-DBPs and water treatment options for minimisation of N-DBPs. The formation of halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines was higher after chloramination and positively correlated with dissolved organic nitrogen or total nitrogen. N-DBPs were major contributors to the toxicity of both chlorinated and chloraminated waters. The strong correlation between bromide concentration and the overall calculated DBP additive toxicity for both chlorinated and chloraminated source waters demonstrated that formation of brominated haloacetonitriles was the main contributor to toxicity. Ozone–biological activated carbon treatment was not effective in removing N-DBP precursors. The occurrence and formation of N-DBPs should be investigated on a case-by-case basis, especially where advanced water treatment processes are being considered to minimise their formation in drinking waters, and where chloramination is used for final disinfection.

关键词： Haloacetonitriles Haloacetamides Halonitromethanes N-nitrosamines Chlorination Chloramination

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Evaluation of the AGCU Expressmarker 16 and 22 PCR Amplification Kits Using Biological Samples Applied to FTA Micro Cards in Reduced Volume Direct PCR Amplification Reactions

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 3-7页

作者： Samantha J Ogden kathryn l lamerton Peter J Tatnell R&D Bio-Research ToolsGE Healthcare Life SciencesThe Maynard CentreForest FarmWhitchurchCardiffUK

This study evaluated the performance of the Wuxi AGCU ScienTech Incorporation(HuiShan,Wuxi,China)AGCU Expressmarker 16(EX 16)and 22(EX22)short tandem repeat(STR)amplification kits in reduced reaction volumes using direct polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification *** commercially available PowerPlex21(PP21)System(Promega,Wisconsin,USA),which follows similar direct workflows,was used as a *** blood applied to chemically impregnated FTATM Micro Cards(GE Healthcare UK limited,Amersham Place,little Chalfont,Buckinghamshire,HP79NA,UK)was used to represent a complex biological *** concordance,first‑pass success rate,average peak heights,heterozygous peak height ratios(HPHRs),and intracolor and intercolor peak height balance were *** reduced volume PCR reactions,the performances of both the EX16 and EX22 STR amplification kits were comparable to that of the PP21 *** level of performance was maintained at PCR reaction volumes,which are 40%of that *** EX22 and PP21 System kits possess comparable overlapping genome *** study evaluated the performance of the AGCU EX16 and EX22 STR amplification kits in reduced PCR reaction volumes using direct workflows in combination with whole blood applied to FTATM Micro *** concordance,first‑pass success rate,average peak heights,HPHRs,and intracolor and intercolor peak height balance were determined.A concordance analysis was completed that compared the performance of the EX16 and EX22 kits using human blood applied to FTA Micro Cards in combination with full,half,and reduced PCR reaction *** PP21 System(Promega)was used as a reference *** appropriate,the distributions of data were assessed using the Shapiro‑Wilk *** normally‑distributed data,statistics were calculated using analysis of variance(ANOVA)and for nonparametric data the Wilcoxon/Kruskal‑Wallis test was *** significance was set at P<*** interva

关键词： Direct amplification DNA typing dried blood spots expressmarker(EX) forensic DNA analysis forensic science FTA sample collection cards short tandem repeat(STR)profiling

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Characterization of colloidal arsenic at two abandoned gold mine sites in Nova Scotia, Canada, using asymmetric flow-field flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 189-196页

作者： kathryn J Tindale Pritesh J Patel Dirk Wallschlager Environmental and life Sciences Graduate Program School of the Environment Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Centre Trent University Peterborough ON K9L 0G2 Canada Ore Pros Inc Beamsville ON LOR 1B2 Canada

Asymmetric flow-field flow fractionation-inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine whether colloidal arsenic（As） exists in soil pore water and soil extract samples at two arsenic-contaminated abandoned gold mines（Montague and Goldenville, Nova Scotia）. Colloidal arsenic was found in 12 out of the 80 collected samples（= 15%）, and was primarily associated with iron（Fe） in the encountered colloids. The molar Fe/As ratios indicate that the colloids in some samples appeared to be discrete iron–arsenic minerals, whereas in other samples, they were more consistent with As-rich iron（oxy）hydroxides. Up to three discrete size fractions of colloidal As were encountered in the samples, with mean colloid diameters between 6 and 14 nm. The pore water samples only contained one size fraction of As-bearing colloids（around 6 nm diameter）, while larger As-bearing colloids were only encountered in soil extracts.

关键词： Arsenic Colloids Gold mine tailings ICP-MS Nova Scotia Nanoparticles

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lifestyle and dietary factors in the prevention of letha prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 365-374,I0004,I0005页

作者： kathryn M Wilson Edward l Giovannucci lorelei A Mucci Depa rtment of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA Channing laboratory Brigham and Women＇s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA

The prevention of lethal prostate cancer is a critical public health challenge that would improve health and reduce suffering from this disease. In this review, we discuss the evidence surrounding specific lifestyle and dietary factors in the prevention of lethal prostate cancer. We present a summary of evidence for the following selected behavioral risk factors： obesity and weight change, physical activity, smoking, antioxidant intake, vitamin D and calcium, and coffee intake.

关键词： epidemiology diet life style obesity physical activity prevention prostate cancer

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In vivo measurement of NADH fluorescence lifetime in skeletal muscle via -ber-coupled time-correlated single photon counting

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2024年第1期17卷 121-134页

作者： kathryn M.Priest Jacob V.Schluns Nathania Nischal Colton l.Gattis Jeffrey C.Wolchok Timothy J.Muldoon Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleARUSA

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NADH)is a cofactor that serves to shuttle electrons during metabolic processes such as glycolysis,the tricarboxylic acid cycle,and oxidative phosphorylation(OXPHOS).NADH is autofluorescent,and itsfluorescence lifetime can be used to infer metabolic dynamics in living ***-coupled time-correlated single photon counting(TCSPC)equipped with an implantable needle probe can be used to measure NADH lifetime in vivo,enabling investigation of changing metabolic demand during muscle contraction or tissue *** study illustrates a proof of concept for point-based,minimally-invasive NADHfluorescence lifetime measurement in *** muscle loss(VMl)injuries were created in the left tibialis anterior(TA)muscle of male Sprague Dawley *** lifetime measurements were collected before,during,and after a 30 s tetanic contraction in the injured and uninjured TA muscles,which was subsequently-t to a biexponential decay model to yield a metric of NADH utilization(cytoplasmic vs protein-bound NADH,the A11/A22 ratio).On average,this ratio was higher during and after contraction in uninjured muscle compared to muscle at rest,suggesting higher levels of free NADH in contracting and recovering muscle,indicating increased rates of *** injured muscle,this ratio was higher than uninjured muscle overall but decreased over time,which is consistent with current knowledge of inflammatory response to injury,suggesting tissue regeneration has *** data suggest that-ber-coupled TCSPC has the potential to measure changes in NADH binding in vivo in a minimally invasive manner that requires further investigation.

关键词： Glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation energy metabolism volumetric muscle loss

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