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Linking tree growth rate, damage repair, and susceptibility to a genus-specific pest infestation

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journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1935-1941页

作者： Kayla N.Boyes kathryn G.Hietala-Henschell Alexander P.Barton Andrew j.Storer jordan M.Marshall Department of Biology Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA

Pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that *** ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North America from *** all species of ash are susceptible to attack,some individual trees appear to survive *** selected ash trees in southeastern Michigan,collected cores and categorized trees as high tolerance to emerald ash borer attack(high overall health,low crown dieback),low tolerance(low overall health,high crown dieback)and intermediate tolerance(in-between the other categories).We artificially wounded trees and measured wound closure after 3 *** width indices were not correlated between high and low tolerance *** slopes comparing growth and years were significantly different between the three tolerance categories,with high tolerance trees having the steepest *** closure was greatest in high tolerance *** tolerance trees demonstrating more rapid(steeper regression slope),consistent(lower variance),and effective(greater wound closure)*** vigorously growing trees likely had more capacity to repair damage caused by emerald ash borer,leading to healthier trees in our *** previous host growth patterns to health may have implications related to identifying individual trees potentially tolerant to attack.

关键词： Agrilus Ash Dendrochronology Emerald ash borer Fraxinus Invasive species

Ground-Based LiDAR Improves Phenotypic Repeatability of Above-Ground Biomass and Crop Growth Rate in Wheat

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Plant Phenomics 2020年第1期2卷 138-148页

作者： David M.Deery Greg j.Rebetzke jose A.jimenez-Berni Anthony G.Condon David j.Smith kathryn M.Bechaz William D.Bovill CSIRO Agriculture and Food CanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Agriculture and Food YancoNSWAustralia NSW Department of Primary Industries YancoNSWAustralia

Highly repeatable,nondestructive,and high-throughput measures of above-ground biomass(AGB)and crop growth rate(CGR)are important for wheat improvement *** study evaluates the repeatability of destructive AGB and CGR measurements in comparison to two previously described methods for the estimation of AGB from LiDAR:3D voxel index(3DVI)and 3D profile index(3DPI).Across three field experiments,contrasting in available water supply and comprising up to 98 wheat genotypes varying for canopy architecture,several concurrent measurements of LiDAR and AGB were made from jointing to *** correlations at discrete events between AGB and the LiDAR-derived biomass indices were significant,ranging from 0.31(P<0:05)to 0.86(P<0:0001),providing confidence in the LiDAR indices as effective surrogates for *** repeatability of the LiDAR biomass indices at discrete events was at least similar to and often higher than AGB,particularly under water *** correlations between calculated CGR for AGB and the LiDAR indices were moderate to high and varied between ***,across all experiments,the repeatabilities of the CGR derived from the LiDAR indices were appreciably greater than those for AGB,except for the 3DPI in the water-limited *** our experiments,the repeatability of either LiDAR index was consistently higher than that of AGB,both at discrete time points and when CGR was *** findings provide promising support for the reliable use of ground-based LiDAR,as a surrogate measure of AGB and CGR,for screening germplasm in research and wheat breeding.

关键词： Wheat Biomass LiDAR

Cost-effectiveness of Crohn's disease post-operative care

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第14期22卷 3860-3868页

作者： Emily K Wright Michael A Kamm Peter Dr Cruz Amy L Hamilton kathryn j Ritchie Sally j Bell Steven j Brown William R Connell Paul V Desmond Danny Liew Department of Gastroenterology St Vincent's Hospital University of Melbourne Fitzroy VIC 3065 Melbourne Australia Imperial College London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom Melbourne EpiCentre University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health Parkville VIC 3010 Melbourne Australia

AIM: To define the cost-effectiveness of strategies, including endoscopy and immunosuppression, to prevent endoscopic recurrence of Crohn’s disease following intestinal ***: In the “POCER” study patients undergoing intestinal resection were treated with post-operative drug therapy. Two thirds were randomized to active care (6 mo colonoscopy and drug intensification for endoscopic recurrence) and one third to drug therapy without early endoscopy. Colonoscopy at 18 mo and faecal calprotectin (FC) measurement were used to assess disease recurrence. Administrative data, chart review and patient questionnaires were collected prospectively over 18 ***: Sixty patients (active care n = 43, standard care n = 17) were included from one health service. Median total health care cost was $6440 per patient. Active care cost $4824 more than standard care over 18 mo. Medication accounted for 78% of total cost, of which 90% was for adalimumab. Median health care cost was higher for those with endoscopic recurrence compared to those in remission [$26347 (IQR 25045-27485) vs $2729 (IQR 1182-5215), P < 0.001]. FC to select patients for colonoscopy could reduce cost by $1010 per patient over 18 mo. Active care was associated with 18% decreased endoscopic recurrence, costing $861 for each recurrence ***: Post-operative management strategies are associated with high cost, primarily medication related. Calprotectin use reduces costs. The long term cost-benefit of these strategies remains to be evaluated.

关键词： Crohn’ s disease Post-operative Health economics Health care cost Biologics

Undergraduate paramedic students cannot do drug calculations

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2012年第3期3卷 221-226页

作者： kathryn Eastwood Malcolm j Boyle Brett Williams Department of Community Emergency Health and Paramedic Practice Monash UniversityFrankston 3199VictoriaAustralia

Previous investigation of drug calculation skills of qualified paramedics has highlighted poor mathematical ability with no published studies having been undertaken on undergraduate paramedics. There are three major error classifications. Conceptual errors involve an inability to formulate an equation from information given, arithmetical errors involve an inability to operate a given equation, and finally computation errors are simple errors of addition, subtraction, division and multiplication. The objective of this study was to determine if undergraduate paramedics at a large Australia university could accurately perform common drug calculations and basic mathematical equations normally required in the workplace. A cross-sectional study methodology using a paper-based questionnaire was administered to undergraduate paramedic students to collect demographical data, student attitudes regarding their drug calculation performance, and answers to a series of basic mathematical and drug calculation questions. Ethics approval was granted. The mean score of correct answers was 39.5% with one student scoring 100%, 3.3% of students （n=3） scoring greater than 90%, and 63% （n=58） scoring 50% or less, despite 62% （n=57） of the students stating they ＇did not have any drug calculations issues＇. On average those who completed a minimum of year 12 Specialist Maths achieved scores over 50%. Conceptual errors made up 48.5%, arithmetical 31.1 % and computational 17.4%. This study suggests undergraduate paramedics have deficiencies in performing accurate calculations, with conceptual errors indicating a fundamental lack of mathematical understanding. The results suggest an unacceptable level of mathematical competence to practice safely in the unpredictable prehospital environment.

关键词： Emergency medical technician Education Medication errors Safety management

蛋白质水解对电压门控Ca^(2+)通道的调节(英文)

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生理学报 2012年第5期64卷 504-514页

作者：杨建 ABELE kathryn 哥伦比亚大学生物学系美国纽约纽约州10027

电压门控Ca2+通道是由多个亚基组成的膜蛋白,其分布广泛,生理功能极为重要,可被众多蛋白和信号传导通路调节。本综述重点介绍蛋白质水解对电压门控Ca2+通道的调节作用及其生理功能。Ca2+通道的主亚基Cavα1可被蛋白质水解,从而调控Ca2+... 详细信息

电压门控Ca2+通道是由多个亚基组成的膜蛋白,其分布广泛,生理功能极为重要,可被众多蛋白和信号传导通路调节。本综述重点介绍蛋白质水解对电压门控Ca2+通道的调节作用及其生理功能。Ca2+通道的主亚基Cavα1可被蛋白质水解,从而调控Ca2+通道的功能和降解,影响基因表达和细胞兴奋性。根据其组织分布,l类Ca2+通道有两种水解模式:在心脏和骨骼肌,Cavα1的羧基末端被水解后与剩余的羧基端结合,抑制Ca2+通道电流。这种自身抑制可被体内分泌的肾上腺素解除,引发心肌和骨骼肌Ca2+电流大量增加,在"打或逃"之类的应激反应中起重要作用,Cavα1羧基末端水解在大脑也存在,并可能是由calpain蛋白质水解酶催化;在某些大脑区域,Cavα1的整个羧基端可被水解并迁移至细胞核,起到转录因子的作用。P/Q类Ca2+通道Cavα1的羧基末端也可被水解,并迁移到细胞核。许多基因突变产生截断型P/QCavα1,而这些截断型Cavα1可严重影响正常Ca2+通道的功能,导致人类的疾病。截断型N类Ca2+通道Cavα1可通过诱变产生,影响正常通道的表达。新型Ca2+通道水解新模式可能是未来Ca2+通道研究中一个重要的探索方向。

关键词：离子通道钙信号蛋白酶解加工调节离子通道疾病基因表达

The substorm current wedge and midnight sector partial ring current near substorm onset: A synthesis based on a magnetotail magnetic field geometry model

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Advances in Polar Science 2013年第1期24卷 32-41页

作者： George j Sofko kathryn A McWilliams Chad R Bryant Institute of Space & Atmospheric Studies University of Saskatchewan

The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure current for the SCW originally was suggested to be the strong westward auroral electrojet （WEj）. However, the SCW-WEj system has no viable generator current. Similarly, the asymmetric or Partial Ring Current （PRC） increases in strength during the growth phase, and is sometimes associated with an enhanced Region 2 field-aligned current （FAC） closing to the ionosphere, but specifics of that closure have been lacking. Here we present a tmifying picture which includes the SCW post- and pre-midnight （AM and PM, respectively） currents and a generator current in the midnight portion of the PRC system, with these currents based upon a model of the nightside magnetotail magnetic geometry. That geometry consists of open north and south lobe regions surrounding a plasmasheet with two types of closed field line regions-stretched lines in the central part of the plasmasheet （SPS） and dipolar lines （DPS） between the low lati- tude boundary layer （LLBL） regions and the SPS. There is also an important plasmasheet transition region （TPS） in which the dipolar field near the plasmapause gradually transforms to stretched lines near the earthward edge of the SPS, and in which the midnight part of the PRC flows. We propose that our proposed near-onset current system consists of a central current which be- comes part of the midnight sector PRC and which is the generator, to which are linked two three-part current systems, one on the dawnside and one on the duskside. The three-part systems consist of up and down FACs closing as Pedersen currents in the iono- sphere. These 3-part systems are not activated until near-onset is reached, because of a lack of ionospheric conductivity in the appropriate locations where the Pedersen current closure occurs. The initial downward FAC of the 3-pa

关键词： magnetotail magnetic field model auroral substorm substorm current wedge partial ring current substorm onset

Secreted frizzled related-protein 2(Sfrp2)deficiency decreases adult skeletal stem cell function in mice

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Bone Research 2021年第4期9卷 606-617页

作者： Luis Fernandez de Castro Brian丄Sworder Byron Mui kathryn Futrega Agnes Berendsen Matthew D.Phillips Nathan j.Burbach Natasha Cherman Sergei Kuznetsov Yankel Gabet Kenn Holmbeck Pamela G.Robey Skeletal Biology Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthDepartment of Health and Human ServicesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Molecular Medicine Boston UniversityBostonMAUSA School of Dentistry University of Minnesota-Twin CitiesMinneapolisMNUSA Department of Anatomy and Anthropology Sackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv-YafoIsrael

In a previous transcriptomic study of human bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs,also known as bone marrow-derived^mesenchymal stem cells#,)/SFRP2 was highly over-represented in a subset of multipotent BMSCs(skeletal stem cells,SSCs),which recreate a bone/marrow organ in an in vivo ectopic bone formation *** modulate WNT signaling,which is essential to maintain skeletal homeostasis,but the specific role of SFRP2 in BMSCs/SSCs is ***,we evaluated Sfrp2 deficiency on BMSC/SSC function in models of skeletal organogenesis and *** skeleton of Sfrp2-def\c\ent(KO)mice is overtly normal;but their BMSCs/SSCs exhibit reduced colony-forming efficiency,reflecting low SSC self-renewal/***2 KO BMSCs/SSCs formed less trabecular bone than those from WT littermates in the ectopic bone formation ***,regeneration of a cortical drilled hole defect was dramatically impaired in Sfrp2 KO ***2-deficient BMSCs/SSCs exhibited poor in vitro osteogenic differentiation as measured by Runx2 and Osterix expression and calcium ***,activation of the Wnt co-receptor;Lrp6,and expression of Wnt target genes,Axin2,C-myc and Cyclin Dl,were reduced in Sfrp2-deficient BMSCs/*** of recombinant Sfrp2 restored most of these activities,suggesting that Sfrp2 acts as a Wnt *** demonstrate that Sfrp2 plays a role in self-renewal of SSCs and in the recruitment and differentiation of adult SSCs during bone ***2 is also a useful marker of BMSC/SSC multipotency,and a factor to potentially improve the quality of ex vivo expanded BMSC/SSC products.

关键词： skeletal impaired healing

Neonatal lamb mortality:major risk factors and the potential ameliorative role of melatonin

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 451-461页

作者： Tom Flinn David O.Kleemann Alyce M.Swinbourne jennifer M.Kelly Alice C.Weaver Simon K.Walker kathryn L.Gatford Karen L.Kind William H.E.j.van Wettere Davies Livestock Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia Turretfield Research Centre South Australian Research and Development InstituteRosedaleSAAustralia Robinson Research Institute Adelaide Medical SchoolThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia

High incidences of pre-weaning mortality continue to limit global sheep production,constituting a major economic and welfare *** significant advances in genetics,nutrition,and management,the proportion of lamb deaths has remained stable at 15–20%over the past four *** is mounting evidence that melatonin can improve outcomes in compromised ovine pregnancies via enhanced uterine bloodflow and neonatal *** review provides an overview of the major risk factors and underlying mechanisms involved in perinatal lamb mortality and discusses the potential of melatonin treatment as a remedial *** pregnant ewes with melatonin enhances uterine bloodflow and fetal oxygenation,and potentially birthweight and neonatal thermogenic *** freely crosses the ovine placenta and blood-brain barrier and provides neuroprotection to the fetal lamb during periods of chronic and acute hypoxia throughout gestation,with improved behavioural outcomes in hypoxic *** current literature provides strong evidence that maternal melatonin treatment improves outcomes for lambs which experience compromised in utero development or prolonged parturition,though to date this has not been investigated in livestock production *** such there is a clear basis for continued research into the effects of maternal melatonin supplementation during gestation on pre-weaning survival under extensive production conditions.

关键词： Lamb survival Melatonin Neonatal mortality Reproduction Sheep

Enduring alterations in hippocampal astrocytesynaptic proximity following adolescent alcohol exposure: reversal by gabapentin

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1496-1501页

作者： Kati L.Healey Sandra Kibble Sierra Hodges kathryn j.Reissner Anze Testen Tiffany A.Wills Shawn K.Acheson Benjamin M.Siemsen john A.McFaddin Michael D.Scofield H.Scott Swartzwelder Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy LSU School of MedicineNew OrleansLAUSA Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA

Adolescent alcohol abuse is a substantive public health problem that has been the subject of intensive study in recent *** reports of a wide range of effects of adolescent intermittent ethanol(AIE)exposure on brain and behavior,little is known about the mechanisms that may underlie those effects,and even less about treatments that might reverse *** studies from our laboratory have indicated that AIE produced enduring changes in astrocyte function and synaptic activity in the hippocampal formation,suggesting the possibility of an alteration in astrocyte-neuronal connectivity and *** utilized astrocyte-specific,membrane restricted viral labeling paired with immunohistochemistry to perform confocal single cell astrocyte imaging,three-dimensional reconstruction,and quantification of astrocyte morphology in hippocampal area CA1 from adult rats after ***,we assessed the colocalization of astrocyte plasma membrane labeling with immunoreactivity for AMPA-(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid)glutamate receptor 1,an AMPA receptor subunit and established neuronal marker of excitatory synapses,as a metric of astrocyte-synapse *** significantly reduced the colocalization of the astrocyte plasma membrane with synaptic marker puncta in *** is striking in that it suggests not only an alteration of the physical association of astrocytes with synapses by AIE,but one that lasts into adulthood-well after the termination of alcohol *** even more notable,the AIE-induced reduction of astrocyte-synapse interaction was reversed by sub-chronic treatment with the clinically used agent,gabapentin(Neurontin),in *** suggests that a medication in common clinical use may have the potential to reverse some of the enduring effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on brain *** animal experiments conducted were approved by the Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(Protocol

关键词： adolescent alcohol astrocyte astrocyte morphology astrocyte-neuronal colocalization CA1 gabapentin GluA1 hippocampus tripartite synapse