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Resilience, the 6th Vital Sign: Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing All Six Vital Signs

Health 2024年第7期16卷 657-673页

作者： Rose E. Constantino Betty J. Braxter Chi Ching Vivian Hui Larissa C. Allen Lillian J. Wolfe katherine H. Endres Jezyl Cempron Cutamora Laurence L. Garcia Daisy R. Palompon Kathleen Thimsen Brayden N. Kameg Margarete L. Zalon Department of Health and Community Systems School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Undergraduate Affairs School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China School of Nursing Adjunct Faculty at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Health Promotion and Development School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA College of Nursing Cebu Normal University Cebu City Philippines School of Nursing University of Nevada Las Vegas USA Department of Health and Community Systems University of Pittsburgh PA USA Department of Nursing University of Scranton Scranton PA USA

There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other specialty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilience) which adopts the measure of immune resilience is suggested in this paper. Resilience is the ability of the immune system to respond to attacks and defend effectively against infections and inflammatory stressors, and psychological resilience is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, and grow from a challenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilience had better health outcomes than those with minimal immune resilience. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, contextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilience subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRC), a scale of 10 items. The revised CDRC scale is a 5-item scale. The scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total scores indicating greater resilience. The scale demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.85) during the development of the scale. The CD-RISC had a good Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can be completed in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilience objectively, we suggest using Immune Resilience (IR) levels, the level of resilience to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilience functions that promote disease resistance and control inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality- or entropy-associated inflammation. IR deregulation i

关键词： Conceptualization Contextualization Operationalization Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain Resilience

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Regulation of macrophage activation in the liver after acute injury: Role of the fibrinolytic system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第16期26卷 1879-1887页

作者： katherine Roth Jenna Strickland Bryan L Copple Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States

The liver functions,in part,to prevent exposure of the body to potentially harmful substances ingested in the *** it is highly efficient at accomplishing this,it is frequently prone to liver injury due to the biotransformation of xenobiotics into toxic *** counter this injury,the liver has evolved a unique capacity to rapidly and efficiently repair *** resolution of acute liver injury relies on hepatic macrophage populations that orchestrate the reparative *** injury,Kupffer cells,the resident macrophages of the liver,become activated and secrete proinflammatory *** cytokines recruit other immune cells,including monocyte-derived macrophages,to the liver where they contribute to the repair ***-derived macrophages traffic into the necrotic foci where they rapidly phagocytose dead cell *** with this process,these cells change phenotype from a proinflammatory macrophage to a prorestorative macrophage that produce pro-mitogenic growth factors and antiinflammatory *** this process triggers resolution of inflammation,and along with proliferation of other hepatic cells,restores the liver architecture and *** the mechanisms regulating specific macrophage functions during repair remain to be elucidated,recent studies indicate a key role for the fibrinolytic system in coordinating macrophage function during *** this review,we will highlight the function and role of hepatic macrophages in repair after acute liver injury,and will discuss the role of the fibrinolytic enzyme,plasmin,in regulation of these various processes.

关键词： Macrophage Plasmin Acetaminophen Liver injury Liver repair

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Long-term modifications of blood pressure in normotensive and spontane-ously hypertensive rats by gene delivery of rAAV-mediated cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid hydroxylase

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Cell Research 2005年第9期 42-49页

作者： katherine CIANFLONE Montreal Mike Rosenbloom Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research Canada McGill University Health Center Quebec H3A 1A1

Arachidonic acid cytochrome P-450 (CYP) hydroxylase 4A isoforms, including 4A1, 4A2, 4A3 and 4A8 in the rat kidney, catalyze arachidonic acid to produce 19/20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (20-HETE), a biologically active metabolite, which plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. However, controversial results have been reported regarding the exact role of 20-HETE on blood pressure. In the present study, we used recombinant adeno- associated viral vector (rAAV) to deliver CYP 4A1 cDNA and antisense 4A1 cDNA into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), respectively, to investigate the effects of long-term modifications of blood pressure and the potential for gene therapy of hypertension. The mean systolic pressure increased by 14.2±2.5 mm Hg in rAAV·4A1-treated SD rats and decreased by 13.7±2.2 mm Hg in rAAV·anti4A1-treated SHR rats 5 weeks after the injection compared with controls and these changes in blood pressure were maintained until the experiments ended at 24 weeks. In 4A1 treated animals CYP4A was overexpressed in various tissues, but preferentially in the kidney at both mRNA and protein levels. In anti-4A1-treated SHR, CYP4A mRNA in various tissues was probed, especially in kidneys, but 4A1 protein expression was almost completely inhibited. These results suggest that arachidonic acid CYP hydroxy- lases contribute not only to the maintenance of normal blood pressure but also to the development of hypertension. rAAV-mediated anti4A administration strategy has the potential to be used as targeted gene therapy in human hyperten- sion by blocking expression of CYP 4A in kidneys.

关键词： Arachidonic acid cytochrome P450 4A1 hypertension recombinant adeno-associated virus 20- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids spontaneously hypertensive rats.

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Relative Contributions of Spectral and Temporal Cues for Speech Recognition in Patients with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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Journal of Otology 2008年第2期3卷 84-91页

作者： Rebecca Brashears katherine Rife School of Hearing Speech and Language Sciences Ohio UniversityAthens Ohio 45701 USA

The present study was designed to examine speech recognition in patients with sensorineural hearing loss when the temporal and spectral information in the speech signals were co-varied. Four subjects with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss were recruited to participate in consonant and vowel recognition tests that used speech stimuli processed through a noise-excited vocoder. The number of channels was varied between 2 and 32, which defined spectral information. The lowpass cutoff frequency of the temporal envelope extractor was varied from 1 to 512 Hz, which defined temporal information. Results indicate that performance of subjects with sen-sorineural hearing loss varied tremendously among the subjects. For consonant recognition, patterns of relative contributions of spectral and temporal information were similar to those in normal-hearing subjects. The utility of temporal envelope information appeared to be normal in the hearing-impaired listeners. For vowel recognition, which depended predominately on spectral information, the performance plateau was achieved with numbers of channels as high as 16-24, much higher than expected, given that the frequency selectivity in patients with sensorineural hearing loss might be compromised. In order to understand the mechanisms on how hearing-impaired listeners utilize spectral and temporal cues for speech recognition, future studies that involve a large sample of patients with sensorineural hearing loss will be necessary to elucidate the relationship between frequency selectivity as well as central processing capability and speech recognition performance using vocoded signals.

关键词： spectral temporal speech recognition hearing loss

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Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations:Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

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Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2024年第6期 697页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhyaya Martha J.M.Wells katherine Y.Bell

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Earth observation in service of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第2期20卷 77-96页

作者： katherine Anderson Barbara Ryan William Sonntag Argyro Kavvada Lawrence Friedl Group on Earth Observations GenevaSwitzerland Booz Allen Hamilton WashingtonDCUSA NASA Earth Science Division WashingtonDCUSA

This paper reviews the key role that Earth Observations(EO)play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as articulated in the 2030 Agenda document and in monitoring,measuring,and reporting on progress towards the associated *** paper also highlights how the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)would contribute to ensure the actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda;and how the Global Earth Observations System of Systems meets requirements for efficient investments in science and technology and a good return on investment,which is elaborated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on development *** a number of examples,we first discuss how extensive EO use would:provide a substantial contribution to the achievements of the SDGs by enabling informed decision-making and by allowing monitoring of the expected results;improve national statistics for greater accuracy,by ensuring that the data are“spatially-explicit”and directly contribute to calculate the agreed SDG Targets and Indicators support the fostering of synergy between the SDGs and multilateral environmental agreements by addressing cross-cutting themes such as climate and energy;and facilitate countries’approaches for working across different development sectors,which is,according to the special adviser on the 2030 Agenda,a key challenge to achieve the *** then focus on the role that GEO could play in enabling actual use of EO in support of the 2030 Agenda by directly addressing the Strategic Development Goal 17 on partnerships.

关键词： Earth observation Group on Earth Observations(GEO) Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) the 2030 Agenda

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Surgery for oligometastasis of pancreatic cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2015年第4期27卷 358-367页

作者： Fengchun Lu katherine E.Poruk Matthew J.Weiss Department of General Surgery Union Hospital Fujian Medical University Department of Surgery The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

The incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma（PDAC） has steadily increased over the past several decades. The majority of PDAC patients will present with distant metastases, limiting surgical management in this population. Hepatectomy and pulmonary metastasectomy（PM） has been well established for colorectal cancer patients with isolated, resectable hepatic or pulmonary metastatic disease. Recent advancements in effective systemic therapy for PDAC have led to the selection of certain patients where metastectomy may be potentially indicated. However, the indication for resection of oligometastases in PDAC is not well defined. This review will discuss the current literature on the surgical management of metastatic disease for PDAC with a specific focus on surgical resection for isolated hepatic and pulmonary metastases.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer(PC) oligometastasis hepatic metastasis pulmonary metastasis surgical management

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Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma-Complexities of treatment and emerging therapeutic options

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第13期23卷 2276-2285页

作者： Chandra Diwakarla katherine Hannan Nadine Hein Desmond Yip Department of Medical Oncology The Canberra Hospital The John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University ANU Medical School Australian National University

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a devastating disease with a poor prognosis regardless of stage. To date the mainstay of therapy for advanced disease has been chemotherapy with little incremental im-provements in outcome. Despite extensive research investigating new treatment options the current practices continue to utilise fluorouracil or gemcitabine containing combinations. The need for novel the-rapeutic approaches is mandated by the ongoing poor survival rates associated with this disease. One such approach may include manipulation of ribosome biogenesis and the nucleolar stress response, which has recently been applied to haematological malignancies such as lymphoma and prostate cancer with promising results. This review will focus on the current therapeutic options for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and the complexities associated with developing novel treatments, with a particular emphasis on the role of the nucleolus as a treatment strategy.

关键词： Ribosome biogenesis Nucleolar stress RNA polymerase I Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Chemotherapy

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Journey Through the Groan Zone with Academics and Practitioners: Bridging Conflict and Difference to Strengthen Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery Work

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 421-428页

作者： katherine E.Browne Caela O'Connell Laura Meitzner Yoder Department of Anthropology Colorado State University Department of Anthropology – Disasters Displacement and Human Rights Program University of Tennessee Program in Human Needs and Global Resources Wheaton College

Academic-practitioner divides in disaster management and research can be persistent and pernicious,bearing consequences for disaster survivors and future affected populations. The gap between disaster professionals and academic researchers is often treated as an unavoidable structural problem or a neutral accident of professional silos and circumstance. We suggest that these gaps are not neutral, and that they can and must be overcome. With hundreds of millions of people affected by disaster each year and recovery costs skyrocketing, there is urgency in connecting researcher and practitioner knowledges to avoid expensive mistakes and most importantly, to decrease human suffering. Yet the difficulties that US academic anthropologists and practitioners experienced in their efforts to collaborate became evident in a cross-sector National Science Foundation(NSF)-funded workshop on the relevance of culture in disaster work. We suggest and illustrate how more systematic cross-field communication can be operationalized through engaging in an ongoing and relational process of bridging. Such a process can offer long-term benefits to the people and institutions involved,dramatically enhance the science of disaster management,and help reduce the social and material costs of disaster impacts.

关键词： Academic and practitioner divide Applied research Cross-sector communication Culture and disaster Disaster anthropology Disaster management

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Intruder familiarity and not duet similarity influences the territory defense in a year-round territorial bird species

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 152-158页

作者： Tihana Hamzaj Brendan Graham katherine Bonilla Ignacio Gutiérrez Luis Sandoval Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of UlmUlm Gemany Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana y Comunicación Animal Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaMontes de Oca CP11501-2060 Costa Rica Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge4401 University Dr WLethbridgeABTIK 3M4anada

To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acoustic,and/or chemical *** the mechanism used for intruder recognition is key to understanding the dynamics of territorial *** birds that use vocalizations for territorial defense,the frequency and duration of vocalizations or the familiarity with the intruder may be the main mechanism used for intruder ***,we conducted a playback experiment with territorial White-eared Ground-sparrows(Melozone leucotis),to analyze if territorial pairs recognize intruders using frequency and duration characteristics(a bird’s response is based on how structurally similar the intruders’duets are to their own)or by familiarity with the intruders(neighbors ***-neighbors).We focused on duets because this species uses duets exclusively for territorial *** broadcasted a duet from a territorial neighbor,two duets from non-neighbors(with different frequency and duration characteristics),and a duet from a control species in 39 territorial pair from three *** playback we measured five behavioral responses:latency of the first vocalization,latency of the approach to the speaker,time spent close the speaker(within 5 m),number of individuals that approached the speaker,and the number of *** found that territorial White-eared Ground-sparrow pairs responded stronger to neighbors than non-neighbors,and this response is not influenced by duet duration or frequency *** result suggests that neighbors represent a greater territorial threat for White-eared Ground-sparrows than *** work is necessary to understand how common this observation is for tropical species that defend small territories year-round.

关键词： Dear enemy Duets Neighbor-stranger discrimination Territory defense White-eared ground-sparrows

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