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Meiotic crossover： what controls the breaks？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 191-192页

作者： katherine Ewen Peter Boag Department of Growth and Reproduction RigshospitaletCopenhagen Denmark Department of Biochemistryand Molecular Biology Monash University ClaytonAustralia

Meiotic crossover （CO） formation establishes the physical linkagesbetween duplicated meiotic chromosomes. These COs are required for the segregation of chromosomes into the developing gametes and subsequent exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromo- somes. Ultimately, meiotic CO recombination represents the fundamental advantage of sexual reproduction and helps drive genetic diversity.

关键词： Cobalt Chromosomes Histones Regulations Economic distribution

Models and detection of spontaneous recurrent seizures in laboratory rodents

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Zoological Research 2017年第4期38卷 171-179页

作者： Bin Gu katherine A. Dalton Department of Cell Biology and Physiology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA Psychology & Neuroscience Program University of North Carofina Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

Epilepsy, characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures （SRS）, is a serious and common neurological disorder afflicting an estimated 1% of the population worldwide. Animal experiments, especially those utilizing small laboratory rodents, remain essential to understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying epilepsy and to prevent, diagnose, and treat this disease. While much attention has been focused on epileptogenesis in animal models of epilepsy, there is little discussion on SRS, the hallmark of epilepsy. This is in part due to the technical difficulties of rigorous SRS detection. In this review, we comprehensively summarize both genetic and acquired models of SRS and discuss the methodology used to monitor and detect SRS in mice and rats.

关键词： Spontaneous recurrent seizures Animal model Epilepsy

Deciphering the dual role and prognostic potential of PINK1 across cancer types

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 659-665页

作者： katherine Dai Daniel P.Radin Donna Leonardi Department of Molecular Cellularand Developmental BiologyYale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Department of Pharmacology Stony Brook University School of MedicineStony BrookNYUSA Bergen County Academies HackensackNJUSA

Metabolic rewiring and deregulation of the cell cycle are hallmarks shared by many *** mutations in key tumor suppressor genes,such as PTEN,and oncogenes predispose cancer cells for marked utilization of resources to fuel accelerated cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic *** research has demonstrated that PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1)acts as a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis in several cancer types,a function that also extends to the regulation of tumor cell proliferative *** addition,involvement of PINK1 in modulating inflammatory responses has been highlighted by recent studies,further expounding PINK1’s multifunctional *** review discusses the oncogenic roles of PINK1 in multiple tumor cell types,with an emphasis on maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis,while also evaluating literature suggesting a dual oncolytic mechanism based on PINK1’s modulation of the Warburg *** a clinical standpoint,its expression may also dictate the response to genotoxic stressors commonly used to treat multiple *** detailing the evidence suggesting that PINK1 possesses distinct prognostic value in the clinical setting and reviewing the duality of PINK1 function in a context-dependent manner,we present avenues for future studies of this dynamic protein.

关键词： apoptosis cancer cell cycle inflammation metabolic stress mitochondral quality control mitophagy PINK1 tumor Warburg effect

Evolution for extreme living:variation in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase genes correlated with elevation in pikas(genus Ochotona)

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第5期13卷 517-535页

作者： katherine A.SOLARI Elizabeth A.HADLY Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Woods Institute for the Environment Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Program for Conservation Genomics Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA

The genus Ochotona(pikas)is a clade of cold-tolerant lagomorphs that includes many high-elevation *** offer a unique opportunity to study adaptations and potential limitations of an ecologically important mammal to high-elevation *** analyzed the evolution of 3 mitochondrial genes encoding the catalytic core of cytochrome c oxidase(COX)in 10 pika species occupying elevations from sea level to 5000 *** is an enzyme highly reliant on oxygen and essential for cell *** amino acid property,the equilibrium constant(ionization of COOH),was found to be under selection in the overall protein *** observed a strong relationship between the net value change in this property and the elevation each species occupies,with higher-elevation species having potentially more efficient *** also found evidence of selection in low-elevation species for potentially less efficient COX,perhaps trading efficiency for heat production in the absence of *** results suggest that different pika species may have evolved elevation-specific COX proteins,specialization that may indicate limitations in their ability to shift their elevational ranges in response to future climate change.

关键词： COX cytochrome c oxidase hypoxia Ochotona pika

Assessing the reproductive health of men with occupational exposures

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 23-30页

作者： Steven M Schrader katherine L Marlow Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Division of Applied Research and Technology Cincinnati OH USA.

The earliest report linking environmental （occupational） exposure to adverse human male reproductive effects dates back to1775 when an English physician, Percival Pott, reported a high incidence of scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps. This observation led to safety regulations in the form of bathing requirements for these workers. The fact that male-mediated reproductive harm in humans may be a result of toxicant exposures did not become firmly established until relatively recently, when Lancranjan studied lead-exposed workers in Romania in 1975, and later in 1977, when Whorton examined the effects of dibromochloropropane （DBCP） on male workers in California. Since these discoveries, several additional human reproductive toxicants have been identified through the convergence of laboratory and observational findings. Many research gaps remain, as the pool of potential human exposures with undetermined effects on male reproduction is vast. This review provides an overview of methods used to study the effects of exposures on male reproduction and their reproductive health, with a primary emphasis on the implementation and interpretation of human studies. Emphasis will be on occupational exposures, although much of the information is also useful in assessing environmental studies, occupational exposures are usually much higher and better defined.

关键词： accessory glands endocrine epidemiology semen sexual function sperm testis toxicology

Cryogel scaffolds: soft and easy to use tools for neural tissue culture

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第9期17卷 1981-1983页

作者： Ben Newland katherine R.Long School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Centre for Developmental Neurobiology Institute of PsychiatryPsychology and NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonMRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing’s College LondonLondonUK

The mammalian central nervous system(CNS)is highly complex,with a vast array of processes and interactions occurring in a dynamic and often transient *** these processes are combined to regulate our behavior remains poorly *** has in turn led to a lack of understanding of how these processes have gone awry in the many disorders of the nervous *** order to address this,researchers need a controlled way to manipulate the nervous system in in vitro and ex vivo cultures,in both a specific area and for a specific period of time to start to pick apart these *** date,this has been technically challenging,especially when modeling focal injury to the CNS or when working with human brain tissue.

关键词： culture neural transient

Interactions between Axillary Branches of Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 388-400页

作者： Veronica Ongaro katherine Bainbridge Lisa Williamson Ottoline Leyser Department of Biology University of York PO Box 373--Area 11York YO10 5YW UK Present address: Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern CH-3013 Bern Switzerland

Studies of apical dominance have benefited greatly from two-branch assays in pea and bean, in which the shoot system is trimmed back to leave only two active cotyledonary axillary branches. In these two-branch shoots, a large body of evidence shows that one actively growing branch is able to inhibit the growth of the other, prompting studies on the nature of the inhibitory signals, which are still poorly understood. Here, we describe the establishment of two-branch assays in Arabidopsis, using consecutive branches on the bolting stem. As with the classical studies in pea and bean, these consecutive branches are able to inhibit one another＇s growth. Not only can the upper branch inhibit the lower branch, but also the lower branch can inhibit the upper branch, illustrating the bi-directional action of the inhibitory signals. Using mutants, we show that the inhibition is partially dependent on the MAX pathway and that while the inhibition is clearly transmitted across the stem from the active to the inhibited branch, the vascular connectivity of the two branches is weak, and the MAX pathway is capable of acting unilaterally in the stem.

关键词： shoot branching auxin MAX vascularization.

Treatment of hydrofluoric acid exposure to the eye

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2015年第1期8卷 157-161页

作者： katherine Atley Edward Ridyard Oxford University Hospital NHS Trust

AIM: To review the current evidence of the treatment of hydrofluoric acid(HF) exposure to the human ***: A comprehensive manual search of the literature was conducted through the Ovid interface to assess the mechanism and efficacy of each irrigator through a variety of clinical cases and experimental studies.· RESULTS: Ocular exposure to HF is extremely damaging to the eye and swift recognition and decontamination with an appropriate agent forms the basis of treatment. Although there are various decontamination solutions that have efficacy against the corrosive action of HF, irrigation with Hexafluorine proved to be the most safe and effective treatment for the ***: In conclusion emergency departments could benefit from the availability of Hexafluorine for the treatment of HF ocular burns in patients.

关键词： hydrofluoric acid cornea ocular injury

Integrating brain imaging endophenotypes with GWAS for Alzheimer’s disease

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Quantitative Biology 2021年第2期9卷 185-200页

作者： katherine AKnutson Wei Pan Division of Biostatistics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Background:Genome wide association studies(GWAS)have identified many genetic variants associated with increased risk of Alzheimer^disease(AD).These susceptibility loci may effect AD indirectly through a combination of physiological brain *** of these neuropathologic features are detectable via magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Methods:In this study,we examine the effects of such brain imaging derived phenotypes(IDPs)with genetic etiology on AD,using and comparing the following methods:two-sample Mendelian randomization(2SMR),generalized summary statistics based Mendelian randomization(GSMR),transcriptome wide association studies(TWAS)and the adaptive sum of powered score(aSPU)*** methods do not require individual-level genotypic and phenotypic data but instead can rely only on an external reference panel and GWAS summary ***:Using publicly available GWAS datasets from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project(IGAP)and UK Biobank's(UKBB)brain imaging initiatives,we identify 35 IDPs possibly associated with AD,many of which have well established or biologically plausible links to the characteristic cognitive impairments of this neurodegenerative ***:Our results highlight the increased power for detecting genetic associations achieved by multiple correlated SNP-based methods,i.e.,aSPU,GSMR and TWAS,over MR methods based on independent SNPs(as instrumental variables).

关键词： aSPU test Mendelian randomization MRI SPU tests Sum test TWAS