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Characterization of energy and performance of swine fed a novel corn-soybean extruded product

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2015年第3期6卷 322-329页

作者： katherine M Koch Robert C Thaler Sam K Baidoo Crystal L Levesque Rebecca C Bott South Dakota State University University of Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center

Background： A novel extruded product was characterized with a metabolism and lactation trial to establish the product＇s energy content, and its effects on lactating sow performance. The product was composed of a 60：40 corn-soybean blend, which was then extruded. This product containing the co-extruded 60：40 corn-soybean blend was commercially developed and is used extensively in swine diets in southwest Minnesota. GE of dietary treatments were determined by isoperibol bomb calorimetry. Twelve barrows （59.9 ± 1.4 kg）, were used to determine the digestible and metabolizable energy of the extruded product. DE of treatments was determined by subtracting fecal energy from GE provided to barrows by each respective treatment. ME was determined by subtracting urinary energy from calculated digestible energy. Sixty-three sows were used for the lactation trial. Three dietary treatments were utilized： CONTROL （an industry standard diet）; PRODUCT （contained the product, vitamins and minerals）; OIL （matched the lysine：ME ratio of PRODUCT by addition of soy oil）. Sow weight, backfat thickness at the right and left last ribs, body condition score, number of piglets, and litter weights were recorded on the date of farrowing （d 0）, （d 9）, and at weaning. Blood and milk samples were obtained at weaning, and blood was analyzed for plasma urea nitrogen （PUN）, milk was analyzed for total protein and fat content. Results： On a dry-matter basis, the test diet provided 3,908 kcal/kg DE and 3,833 kcal/kg ME, which was significantly greater than the basal diet, which provided 3,633 kcal/kg DE and 3,567 kcal/kg ME （P 〈 0.0001）. These data were used to establish the DE and ME of the product, which were 3,882 kcal/kg and 3,798 kcal/kg, respectively, on an as-fed basis. No effect of diet was observed for changes in sow backfat （RBF P = 0.24; LBF P = 0.07） or body condition score （P = 0.12） during lactation. Milk total protein （P = 0.69）, fat （P = 0.66）, PUN, average piglet gain （P = 0.55） and pi

关键词： Corn Extruded Lactation ME Soybean Swine

Spatial data trusts:an emerging governance framework for sharing spatial data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1607-1639页

作者： Nenad Radosevic Matt Duckham Mohammad Saiedur Rahaman Serene Ho katherine Williams Tanzima Hashem Yaguang Tao School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia School of Computing Technologies RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Frontier SI MelbourneAustralia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and TechnologyDhakaBangladesh

Data Trusts are an important emerging approach to enabling the much wider sharing of data from many different sources and for many different purposes,backed by the confidence of clear and unambiguous data *** Trusts combine the technical infrastructure for sharing data with the governance framework of a legal *** concept of a data Trust applied specifically to spatial data offers significant opportunities for new and future applications,addressing some longstanding barriers to data sharing,such as location privacy and data *** paper introduces and explores the concept of a‘spatial data Trust’by identifying and explaining the key functions and characteristics required to underpin a data Trust for spatial *** work identifiesfive key features of spatial data Trusts that demand specific attention and connects these features to a history of relevant work in thefield,including spatial data infrastructures(SDIs),location privacy,and spatial data *** conclusions identify several key strands of research for the future development of this rapidly emerging framework for spatial data sharing.

关键词： Data governance spatial information location privacy indigenous data sovereignty spatial data quality

Characterizing Clustering in Boulder Bed Channels and the Impact on Shear Stress Equations

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第4期13卷 283-292页

作者： katherine Clancy College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point Stevens Point WI USA

Boulders and cobbles are often used in stream restoration projects to increase flow resistance and enhance channel stability and habitat diversity. Particle size metrics determined from the particle distribution are often used as a proxy for shear stress in field equations. Clustering of large particles has been thought to contribute to shear stress, but the effect of clustering is not accounted for in equations that use a representative particle size, such as the D84. In this paper, clustering is defined using the upper tail (≥84%) in a variable called Topsum. The number of clusters, average size of clusters, and shear stress are evaluated using the proposed definition of cluster. Findings suggest that the upper tail represents the roughness height better than the commonly used proxy of D84 for boulder bed streams (streams which have a D84 particle 0.05 - 0.15 meters).

关键词： Boulder Bed Shear Stress Particle Distribution D84

Innate and adaptive T cells in influenza disease

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第1期12卷 34-47页

作者： Simone Nfissing Sneha Sant Marios Koutsakos Kanta Subbarao Thi H.O. Nguyen katherine Kedzierska Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Parkville 3010 Victoria Australia World Health Organisation (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity Melbourne 3000 Victoria Australia

Influenza is a major global health problem, causing infections of the respiratory tract, often leading to acute pneumonia, life-threatening complications and even deaths. Over the last seven decades, vaccination strategies have been utilized to protect people from complications of influenza, especially groups at high risk of severe disease. While current vaccination regimens elicit strain-specific antibody responses, they fail to generate cross-protection against seasonal, pandemic and avian viruses. Moreover, vaccines designed to generate influenza- specific T-cell responses are yet to be optimized. During natural infection, viral replication is initially controlled by innate immunity before adaptive immune responses （T cells and antibody-producing B cells） achieve viral clearance and host recovery. Adaptive T and B cells maintain immunological memory and provide protection against subsequent infections with related influenza viruses. Recent studies also shed light on the role of innate T- cells （MAIT cells, y~ T cells, and NKT cells） in controlling influenza and linking innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, thus making them attractive targets for vaccination strategies. We summarize the current knowledge on influenza-specific innate MAIT and γδ T cells as well as adaptive CD8＋ and CD4＋ T cells, and discuss how these responses can be harnessed by novel vaccine strategies to elicit cross-protective immunity against different influenza strains and subtypes.

关键词： influenza innate T cells CD4+ and CD8+ T cells vaccination

Evaluating the Effect of Land Cover, Seasonality and Delineation Method on Runoff at the Watershed Scale

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2021年第9期13卷 750-765页

作者： katherine Clancy College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Stevens Point WI USA

The aim of this study was to determine if runoff estimates from the curve number model were affected by seasons for different land covers. Eighteen watersheds with varying land covers were delineated using three methods. The delineation methods differ in how internal drainage is evaluated. Runoff estimates from storms for spring, summer, and fall were compared to observed runoff from USGS gaging station data. Errors (difference between estimate runoff and observed runoff) were found to be highest for fall by 3% for all the two delineation methods which do not consider internal drainage. Watersheds were categorized by their dominant land cover (agriculture, forest, or urban). Seasonal differences were found to be significant for certain land covers. The greatest differences between observed and estimated data were found in agriculture and urban especially spring versus fall for all delineations. Forest land cover was found to have no seasonal difference for all three delineation methods. The research suggests that this work contributes to the growing body of research suggesting that vegetative seasonal differences have a greater impact on runoff than is accounted for in the runoff model.

关键词： Runoff Curve Number Vegetation Seasonal

Optimal diet strategy of a large-bodied psittacine: food resource abundance and nutritional content enable facultative dietary specialization by the Military Macaw

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Avian Research 2019年第4期10卷 469-477页

作者： Sylvia Margarita de la Parra‑Martinez Luis Guillermo Munoz‑Lacy Alejandro Salinas‑Melgoza katherine Renton Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas Centro Universitario de la CostaUniversidad de GuadalajaraAv.Universidad No.203Delegacion IxtapaC.P.48280 Puerto VallartaJaliscoMexico Comision Nacional Para el Conocimiento y Uso para la Biodiversidad Liga Periferico‑Insurgentes Sur 4903Delegacion Tlalpan14010 Mexico CityMexico Facultad de Biologia Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de HidalgoCiudad UniversitariaMoreliaMichoacanMexico Estacion de Biologia Chamela Instituto de BiologiaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApartado Postal 21San Patricio‑MelaqueJaliscoMexico

Background:Dietary specialization should arise when there is a relatively high abundance of a particular resource,where animals may select food items to obtain an optimal diet that maximizes energy ***‑bodied psittacines frequently exhibit a narrow dietary niche with specific habitat use,but few studies have determined whether psittacines select food resources,and how this influences habitat ***:We established fruiting phenology transects to evaluate food resource availability for the large‑bodied Military Macaw(Ara militaris)in semi‑deciduous,deciduous,and pine‑oak forest at two sites along the coast of Jalisco,during the dry season when macaws are *** also determined Military Macaw diet by observations of foraging macaws along transect routes,and conducted bromatological analysis of the nutritional content of the most consumed ***:Military Macaws used six plant species as food items during the dry season,and had a narrow dietary niche(Levins’B=0.28),with 56%of foraging macaws consuming the seeds of Hura *** food resources were recorded in pine‑oak forest during the dry season,with food resources and foraging by macaws concentrated in tropical deciduous and semi‑deciduous forest,where *** was the most abundant fruiting tree *** considering the proportional availability of food resources,we determined a broad Hurlbert dietary niche breadth of H=0.67,indicating that Military Macaws consumed food resources according to their ***,the seeds of *** were an important source of protein,carbohydrates,minerals and moisture,and the hard fruitcasing means that these seeds are exclusively available for ***:By concentrating their diet on the most abundant resources,Military Macaws may increase foraging efficiency in the dry *** high nutrient content also means that concentrating the diet on seeds of *** may be an optimal foraging strategy for Military Macaws

关键词： Ara militaris Bromatological analysis Diet composition Food resource selection Fruiting phenology Hura polyandra Psittacidae Tropical dry forest

A comparison of handheld and standard ultrasound in Swiss medical students

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第2期13卷 85-90页

作者： Mark Slader Hayley Young Margot Barker Kylie Prentice katherine Bogaard Charlene Yuan Soheil Saadat Shadi Lahham School of Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvine 92617USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of CaliforniaIrvine 92868USA

BACKGROUND:The use of ultrasound(US)within healthcare has inspired the development of new US *** have been few studies comparing the use of handheld US to standard US for medical *** research aims to determine whether a handheld US device can provide a comparable primary learning experience to that of a standard US ***:Over two days of instruction,participants were taught and evaluated on core US *** standard group received instruction on standard US machines,while the handheld group received instruction on handheld US *** completed a qualitative survey regarding their *** hundred and four images were obtained and graded by two emergency medicine ***:A total of 119 Swiss medical students were enrolled in our *** was no statistically significant difference in the US assessment measurements,except for faster endpoint septal separation(EPSS)vascular setup time in the handheld group(P=0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in participants’perceived difficulty of US learning(P=0.198),comfort level(P=0.188),or self-estimated capability to perform US in the future(P=0.442).There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of correctly obtained images(P=0.211)or images that were clinically useful(P=0.256).The median quality score of images obtained by the standard group was eight compared to seven in handheld group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:Our data suggest a handheld US machine can perform as well as a standard US machine as an educational tool despite sacrifices in image quality.

关键词： Handheld ultrasound Ultrasound education Switzerland Medical education

Lifestyle modifications and erectile dysfunction： Nhat can be expected？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第1期17卷 5-10,I0006页

作者： Maria Ida Maiorino Giuseppe Bellastella katherine Esposito Department of Medical Surgical Neurological Metabolic and Geriatric Science Second University of Naples Piazza L. Miraglia n 2 Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Second University of Naples via Pansini n 5 Naples Italy.

Erectile dysfunction （ED） is a common medical disorder whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. Modifiable risk factors for ED include smoking, lack of physical activity, wrong diets, overweight or obesity, metabolic syndrome, and excessive alcohol consumption. Quite interestingly, all these metabolic conditions are strongly associated with a pro-inflammatory state that results in endothelial dysfunction by decreasing the availability of nitric oxide （NO）, which is the driving force of the blood genital flow. Lifestyle and nutrition have been recognized as central factors influencing both vascular NO production, testosterone levels, and erectile function. Moreover, it has also been suggested that lifestyle habits that decrease low-grade clinical inflammation may have a role in the improvement of erectile function. In clinical trials, lifestyle modifications were effective in ameliorating ED or restoring absent ED in people with obesity or metabolic syndrome. Therefore, promotion of healthful lifestyles would yield great benefits in reducing the burden of sexual dysfunction. Efforts, in order to implement educative strategies for healthy lifestyle, should be addressed.

关键词： erectile dysfunction lifestyle changes physical activity Mediterranean diet

Improving Curve Number Runoff Estimates Using Dual Hydrologic Soil Classification and Potential Contributing Source Areas Delineation Methods

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第1期9卷 20-39页

作者： katherine Miller katherine Folk Clancy College of Natural Resources University of Wisconsin at Stevens Point Stevens Point USA

Runoff models such as the Curve Number (CN) model are dependent upon land use and soil type within the watershed or contributing area. In regions with internal drainage (e.g. wetlands) watershed delineation methods that fill sinks can result in inaccurate contributing areas and estimations of runoff from models such as the CN model. Two methods to account for this inaccuracy have been 1) to adjust the initial abstraction value within the CN model;or 2) to improve the watershed delineation in order to better account for internal drainage. We used a combined approach of examining the watershed delineation, and refining the CN model by the incorporating of dual hydrologic soil classifications. For eighteen watersheds within Wisconsin, we compared the CN model results of three watershed delineation methods to USGS gaged values. We found that for large precipitation events (>100 mm) the CN model estimations are closer to observed values for watershed delineations that identify the directly connected watershed and use the undrained hydrologic soil classification.

关键词： Curve number Watershed Delineation Runoff