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Generation of nanomaterials by reactive laser-synthesis in liquid

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第7期65卷 3-47页

作者： Laysa m.Frias Batista Ashish Nag Victoria K.meader katharine moore Tibbetts Department of Chemistry Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond VA 23284USA

Nanomaterials with tailored structures and surface chemistry are in high demand, as these materials play increasingly important roles in biology, catalysis, energy storage, and manufacturing. Their heightened demand has attracted attention towards the development of synthesis routes, particularly, laser-synthesis techniques. These efforts drove the refinement of laser ablation in liquid(LAL) and related methods over the past two decades and have led to the emergence of reactive laser-synthesis techniques that exploit these methods’ characteristic, non-equilibrium conditions. Reactive laser-synthesis approaches foster unique chemical reactions that enable the formation of composite products like multimetallic nanoparticles, supported nanostructures, and complex minerals. This review will examine emerging reactive laser-synthesis methods in the context of established methods like *** focus will be on the chemical reactions initiated within the laser plasma, with the goal of understanding how these reactions lead to the formation of unique nanomaterials. We will provide the first systematic review of laser reaction in liquid(LRL) in the literature, and bring a focus to the chemical reaction mechanisms in LAL and reactive-LAL techniques that have not yet been emphasized in reviews. Discussion of the current challenges and future investigative opportunities into reactive laser-synthesis will impart guidance for researchers interested in designing reactive laser-synthesis approaches to novel nanomaterial production.

关键词： laser ablation in liquids laser reduction in liquids nanoparticles

male horseshoe crabs Limulus polyphemus use multiple sensory cues to locate mates

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 485-498页

作者： katharine m.SAUNDERS H.Jane BROCKmANN Winsor H.WATSON Ⅲ Steven H.JURY Department of Biology University of Florida Department of Biological Sciences University of New Hampshire Biology Department Bates College

The use of multisensory cues to locate mates can increase an organism＇s success by acting as a back-up plan when one system fails, by providing additional information to the receiver, and by increasing their ability to detect mates using senses that have different ranges in a variable aquatic environment. In this contribution we review the sensory cues that male horseshoe crabs Lirnulus polyphemus are known to use when locating mates and then provide new data that shed light on this subject. Dur- ing the breeding season, females migrate into shore during high tides to spawn. males attach to females as they approach the beach or are attracted to pairs already spawning. Vision is well established as an important cue in attracting males. Although chemoreception is well known in other marine arthropods, and horseshoe crabs have the anatomy available, there are few studies on chemical cues in this species. Experiments are presented here that provide evidence for chemical cue use. We show that the attraction, and retention, of attached and satellite males to actively spawning females and mating pairs involves multimodal cues

关键词： multimodal communication Horseshoe crabs Sensory system mating cues

medication beliefs predict medication adherence in ambulatory patients with decompensated cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第40期23卷 7321-7331页

作者： Kelly L Hayward Patricia C Valery Jennifer H martin Antara Karmakar Preya J Patel Leigh U Horsfall Caroline J Tallis Katherine A Stuart Penny L Wright David D Smith katharine m.irvine Elizabeth E Powell W Neil Cottrell Pharmacy Department Princess Al-exandra Hospital The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Cancer and Chronic Disease Research Group QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of medicine and Public Health The University of Newcastle The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital The Centre for Liver Disease Research Translational Research Institute The University of Queensland Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital Statistics Unit QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute School of Pharmacy The University of Queensland

AIm To investigate the impact of medication beliefs, illness perceptions and quality of life on medication adherence in people with decompensated *** One hundred adults with decompensated cirrhosis completed a structured questionnaire when they attended for routine outpatient hepatology review. measures of self-reported medication adherence(morisky medication Adherence Scale), beliefs surrounding medications(Beliefs about medicines Questionnaire), perceptions of illness and medicines(Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire), and quality of life(Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire) were examined. Clinical data were obtained via patient history and review of medical records. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and stepwise backwards regression techniques were used to construct the multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at alpha = *** medication adherence was " High " in 42 % o f participants, "medium" in 37%, and "Low" in 21%. Compared to patients with "High" adherence, those with "medium" or "Low" adherence were more likely to report difficulty affording their medications(P ment helpfulness(P = 0.003) and stronger medication concerns relative to medication necessity beliefs(P = 0.003). People with "Low" adherence also experienced greater symptom burden and poorer quality of life, including more frequent abdominal pain(P = 0.023), shortness of breath(P = 0.030), and emotional disturbances(P = 0.050). multivariable analysis identified having stronger medication concerns relative to necessity beliefs(Necessity-Concerns Differential ≤ 5, OR = 3.66, 95%CI: 1.18-11.40) and more frequent shortness of breath(shortness of breath score ≤ 3, OR = 3.87,95%CI: 1.22-12.25) as independent predictors of "Low"*** The association between "Low" adherence and patients having strong concerns or doubting the necessity or helpfulness of their medications should be explor

关键词： medication adherence medication beliefs Illness perceptions Quality of life Liver cirrhosis

Plasma Heating Induced by Tadpole-like Downflows in the Flaring Solar Corona

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The Innovation 2021年第1期2卷 137-143页

作者： Tanmoy Samanta Hui Tian Bin Chen katharine KReeves mark C.m.Cheung Angelos Vourlidas Dipankar Banerjee Department of Physics and Astronomy George Mason UniversityFairfaxVA 22030USA Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMD 20723USA School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871Peopleʼs Republic of China Key Laboratory of Solar Activity National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012Peopleʼs Republic of China New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ 07102USA Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics CambridgeMA 02138USA Lockheed martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory Palo AltoCA 94304USA Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences BeluwakhanUttarakhand 263001India Part of this work was done during the postdoc appointment of T.S.at Peking University BeijingPeopleʼs Republic of China

As one of the most spectacular energy release events in the solar system,solar flares are generally powered by magnetic reconnection in the solar *** a result of the re-arrangement of magnetic field topology after the reconnection process,a series of new looplike magnetic structures are often formed and are known as flare loops.A hot diffuse region,consisting of around 5–10 mK plasma,is also observed above the loops and is called a supra-arcade ***,dark,tadpole-like structures are seen to descend through the bright supra-arcade *** remains unclear what role these so-called supra-arcade downflows(SADs)play in heating the flaring coronal *** we show a unique flare observation,where many SADs collide with the flare loops and strongly heat the loops to a temperature of 10–20 *** of these interactions generate clear signatures of quasi-periodic enhancement in the full-Sun-integrated soft X-ray emission,providing an alternative interpretation for quasi-periodic pulsations that are commonly observed during solar and stellar flares.

关键词： Sun:corona Sun:solar flare Sun:magnetic reconnection Sun:plasma heating

Physical exam:where’s the evidence?A medical student's experience

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Family medicine and Community Health 2020年第1期8卷 50-52页

作者： Scott m Seki katharine C DeGeorge margaret L Plews-Ogan Andrew S Parsons University of Virginia School of medicine CharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Department of Family medicine University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA Department of medicine University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA

It was not so long ago that an attending physician accused me of the following:‘you’re advocating for the elimination of the physical exam from medicine!’We were on rounds and debating the objectivity and merit of a single observer non-blinded prestudy/poststudy,the Bush-Francis Catatonia Scale,as a means of measuring clinical status after an Ativan challenge.‘The kind of improvement you all are expecting is so obvious that the scale becomes obsolete’,I argued,‘And furthermore,in the gray area,improvements based on the scoring system don’t seem to approximate improvements in patient symptoms’.

关键词： furthermore elimination exam

The social provision of healthcare to migrants in the US and in China

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China Population and Development Studies 2018年第1期2卷 83-107页

作者： Van C.Tran katharine m.Donato Department of Sociology Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA School of Foreign Service Georgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA

This article develops a comparative analysis of healthcare provision to migrants in the US and in *** proceeds in three ***,we begin by describing the growth of the unauthorized population and trace the evolution of social provision of healthcare to immigrants,highlighting the restrictive nature of federal social provisions and greater autonomy of state and local governments in redefining eligibility criteria in the ***,we examine the impact of legal status on healthcare access and utilization among mexicans,using original data from the 2007 Hispanic Healthcare Survey and the mexican migration *** find that unauthorized immigrants report the lowest level of healthcare access and ***,we then outline a China-US comparative agenda,pointing to similarities between the two migrant *** China,recent developments of healthcare coverage for both rural and urban populations have increased access to healthcare,but rural-to-urban migrants still report many barriers in receiving care and are often left out of this growing safety *** then close with a discussion of lessons learned from the US experience and remaining questions for future comparative research.

关键词： Unauthorized migrants Rural-to-urban migrants Social provision Healthcare access Comparative research US and China

直肠癌患者放化疗后进行“观察等待”治疗安全吗?

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英国医学杂志中文版 2019年第7期22卷 416-421页

作者： Fraser m Smith katharine Cresswell Arthur Sun myint Andrew G Renehan 赵一(译) 吴东(校) Department of Surgery Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust Liverpool UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Patientand Public Cancer Research Advisory Group Public Programmes Team Manchester University NHS Foundation Trustand Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK Clatterbridge Cancer Centre Bebington. Wirral UK Institute of Translational medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool UK manchester Cancer Research Centre NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Divisionof Cancer Sciences School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester Manchester UK Colorectaland Peritoneal Oncology Centre Christie NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院消化科

结直肠癌是全世界第三位常见的恶性肿瘤,其中约三分之一发生在直肠。约三分之一的结直肠癌处于局部进展期,有较高的复发风险。在英国2、欧洲*、美国,和澳大利亚铁长程放化疗后进行手术切除是结直肠癌的标准治疗方案。但是,手术会带来严... 详细信息

结直肠癌是全世界第三位常见的恶性肿瘤,其中约三分之一发生在直肠。约三分之一的结直肠癌处于局部进展期,有较高的复发风险。在英国2、欧洲*、美国,和澳大利亚铁长程放化疗后进行手术切除是结直肠癌的标准治疗方案。但是,手术会带来严重的并发症(约15%),甚至是围手术期死亡(约5%),约四分之一的患者需要永久造口.

关键词：标准治疗方案直肠癌患者放化疗后安全结直肠癌手术切除局部进展期恶性肿瘤

Initial evaluations of a Gulf of mexico/Caribbean ocean forecast system in the context of the Deepwater Horizon disaster

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2015年第4期9卷 605-636页

作者： Edward D. ZARON Patrick J. FITZPATRICK Scott L. CROSS John m. HARDING Frank L. BUB Jerry D. WIGGERT Dong S. KO Yee LAU katharine WOODARD Christopher N. K. mOOERS Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Portland State University Portland OR 97207 USA Geosystems Research Institute Mississippi State University MSU Science & Technology Center Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA NOAA National Coastal Data Development Center Stennis Space Center MS 29412 USA Northern Gulf Institute Mississippi State University MSU Science & Technology Center Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA unaffiliated retired from the Naval Oceanographic Office Stennis Space Center MS 39522 USA Department of marine Science University of Southern Mississippi Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA Oceanography Division Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center MS 39529 USA

In response to the Deepwater Horizon （DwH） oil spill event in 2010, the Naval Oceanographic Office deployed a nowcast-forecast system covering the Gulf of mexico and adjacent Caribbean Sea that was designated Americas Seas, or AmSEAS, which is documented in this manuscript. The DwH disaster provided a challenge to the application of available ocean-forecast capabilities, and also generated a historically large observational dataset. AmSEAS was evaluated by four complementary efforts, each with somewhat different aims and approaches： a university research consortium within an Integrated Ocean Observing System （IOOS） testbed; a petroleum industry consortium, the Gulf of mexico 3-D Operational Ocean Forecast System Pilot Prediction Project （GOmEX-PPP）; a British Petroleum （BP） funded project at the Northern Gulf Institute in response to the oil spill; and the Navy itself. Validation metrics are presented in these different projects for water temperature and salinity profiles, sea surface wind, sea surface temperature, sea surface height, and volume transport, for different forecast time scales. The validation found certain geographic and time biases/errors, and small but systematic improvements relative to earlier regional and global modeling efforts. On the basis of these positive AmSEAS validation studies, an oil spill transport simulation was conducted using archived AmSEAS nowcasts to examine transport into the estuaries east of the mississippi River. This effort captured the influences of Hurricane Alex and a non-tropical cyclone off the Louisiana coast, both of which pushed oil into the western mississippi Sound, illustrating the importance of the atmospheric influence on oil spills such as DwH.

关键词： Gulf of mexico Deepwater Horizon ocean forecasting skill assessment

Gestational carriers: A viable alternative for women with medical contraindications to pregnancy

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2013年第5期3卷 24-31页

作者： Raymond m. Anchan Stacey A. missmer katharine F. Correia Elizabeth S. Ginsburg Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston USA

Objective: Compare the efficacy of surrogate or gestational carrier (GC) cycles to that of autologous in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injections (ICSI) in patients with gynecologic or medical co-morbidities contraindicative to pregnancy. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Infertility patients from a single university hospital-based program from 1998-2009. Intervention(s): 128 GC cycles from 80 intended parents were identified and compared with 15,311 IVF or ICSI cycles. main Outcome measure(s): The peak estradiol (E2), number of oocytes retrieved, cycle cancellation, ongoing pregnancy, and live-birth were compared between GCs and autologous IVF carriers. Indications for GC use were also identified. multiple cycles contributed by the same patient were accounted for using multivariable generalized estimating equations and two-sided Wald p-values. Results: Uterine factors (67%) was the most common indication for using a GC, followed by non-gynecologic medical conditions including coagulopathies (13%), end stage renal disease (10%), cardiovascular disease (5%) and cancer (5%). Adjusting for age, ovulation induction in GC cycles had similar peak E2 levels and number of oocytes retrieved relative to IVF cycles (p = 0.23 and 0.43, respectively). Clinical pregnancy (49% vs. 42%, p = 0.28) and live-birth rates (31% vs. 32%, p = 0.74) were also comparable. A sub-analysis of GC cycles in those women with uterine factor indications, demonstrated significantly higher clinical pregnancy rates (OR = 2.0;CI = 1.2 - 3.5) with 60% greater odds of live-birth relative to IVF/ICSI cycles, however this odds was not statistically significant for differences in live-birth (CI = 0.9 - 2.9). Conclusions: GCs are a viable alternative to start families for patients with medical co-morbidities precluding pregnancy.

关键词： IVF Donor Egg Gestational Carriers Gestational Surrogacy Infertility medical Comorbidities