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Synthesis and Crystal Structure of N-(2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyl)-2,3-dimethylaniline

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2014年第3期33卷 407-414页

作者： Ali Souldozi Seyed Hamid Reza Shojaei Ali Ramazani katarzyna ?lepokura Tadeusz Lis Department of Chemistry Urmia Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Physics Urmia Branch Islamic Azad University Department of Chemistry Zanjan Branch Islamic Azad University Faculty of Chemistry University of Wroc?aw 14 Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wroc?aw Poland

The title compound, N-（2-（1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl）phenyl）-2,3-dimethylaniline, was synthesized and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The structure of the product was confirmed by IR, ^1H- and ^13C-NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and mass spectrometry. These experimental studies were supported by theoretical optimizations.

关键词： single-crystal X-ray structure 1,3,4-oxadiazoles N-(2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- yl)phenyl)-2,3-dimethylaniline (N-isocyanimino)triphenylphosphorane

Experimental evolution of personality traits: open-field exploration in bank voles from a multidirectional selection experiment

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 375-384页

作者： Uttaran MAITI Edyta T. SADOWSKA katarzyna M. CHRZASCIK Pawet KOTEJA Institute of Environmental Sciences Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa Krakow Poland

Evolution of complex physiological adaptations could be driven by natural selection acting on behavioral traits. Consequently, animal personality traits and their correlation with physiological traits have become an engaging research area. Here, we applied a unique experimental evolution model lines of bank voles selected for (A) high exercise-induced aerobic metabolism,(H) ability to cope with low-quality herbivorous diet, and (P) intensity of predatory behavior, that is, traits shaping evoluti on ary path and diversity of mammals and asked how the selecti on affected the voles' personality traits, assessed in an open field test. The A- and P-line voles were more active, whereas the H-line voles were less active, compared those from unselected control lines (C). H-line voles moved slower but on more meandering trajectories, which indicated a more thorough explorati on, whereas the A- and P-line voles moved faster and on straighter trajectories. A-line voles showed also an increased escape propensity, whereas P-line voles tended to be bolder. The remarkable correlated responses to the selectio n indicate a comm on gen etic un derlying mecha nism of behavioral and physiological traits, and support the paradigm of evoluti on ary physiology built around the concept of correlated evolution of behavior and physiology.

关键词： evolution behavior physiology selection rodents Myodes glareolus

SPME as a green sample-preparation technique for the monitoring of phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids in complex matrices

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2023年第10期13卷 1117-1134页

作者： katarzyna Wozniczka PawełKonieczynski Alina Plenis Tomasz Ba˛czek Anna Roszkowska Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Medical University of GdanskGdanskPoland Department of Analytical Chemistry Medical University of GdanskGdanskPoland

The endocannabinoid system(ECS),particularly its signaling pathways and ligands,has garnered considerable interest in recent *** with clinical work investigating the ECS’functions,including its role in the development of neurological and inflammatory conditions,much research has focused on developing analytical protocols enabling the precise monitoring of the levels and metabolism of the most potent ECS ligands:exogenous phytocannabinoids(PCs)and endogenous cannabinoids(endocannabinoids,ECs).Solid-phase microextraction(SPME)is an advanced,non-exhaustive sample-preparation technique that facilitates the precise and efficient isolation of trace amounts of analytes,thus making it appealing for the analysis of PCs and ECs in complex matrices of plant and animal/human *** this paper,we review recent forensic medicine and toxicological studies wherein SPME has been applied to monitor levels of PCs and ECs in complex matrices,determine their effects on organism physiology,and assess their role in the development of several diseases.

关键词： Phytocannabinoids Endocannabinoids Solid-phase microextraction Plant material Biological matrix

Leptin/leptin receptor system in the regulation of reproductive functions and stress response in the European beaver

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 197-203页

作者： katarzyna CHOJNOWSKA Joanna CZERWINSKA Tadeusz KAMINSKI Barbara KAMINSKA Aleksandra KURZYNSKA Iwona BOGACKA Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Oczapowskiego Street 1A Olsztyn 10-719 Poland

The European beaver (Castor fiber L.) is the largest free-living rode nt in Eurasia. The prese nt work aimed to determi ne sex- and seas on-related cha nges in leptin receptor (Ob-R) expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal/adrenal axes and uterus of beavers during breeding-(April), postbreeding-(July), and pre-breeding-(November) periods. The expression of Ob-R gene and protein was found in all analyzed tissues. The expression of Ob-R mRNA remained constant in the hypothalamus of both sexes during the analyzed stages. Sex- and season-related changes were found in the pituitary gland;the greatest level was observed in July in both sexes. The same expression pattern was noted in the testis, whereas in the ovary a lack of seasonal changes was found. In uterine tissues, the greatest expression occurred in November. The impact of season was also demonstrated in the adrenal cortex. In females, a higher Ob-R transcript level was noted in April, while in males, an increased mRNA abundanee was noted in November than July. Our study suggests that in the beaver, leptin acting via the Ob-R can be an important endocrine factor engaged in the regulation of reproductive functions and stress response.

关键词： leptin receptor (Ob-R) beaver seasonal breeding hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Methyl 2-(Diphenylamino)-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2013年第1期32卷 82-88页

作者： Ali Souldozi Seyed Hamid Reza Shojaei Ali Ramazani katarzyna lepokura Tadeusz Lis Department of Chemistry Urmia Branch Islamic Azad University P. O. Box 969 Urmia Iran Department of Physics Urmia Branch Islamic Azad University P. O. Box 969 Urmia Iran Department of Chemistry Zanjan Branch Islamic Azad University P. O. Box 49195-467 Zanjan Iran Faculty of Chemistry University of Wroclaw 14 Joliot-Curie St. 50-383 Wroclaw Poland

The title compound, methyl 2-（diphenylamino）-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylate, was synthesized and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The structure of the product was confirmed by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. These experimental studies were supported by quantum mechanical calculations. The structure was solved in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 9.573（3）, b = 19.533（7）, c = 9.876（3）, β = 92.35（4）°, V = 1845.2（10）3, T = 85（2） K, Z = 4, R = 0.040 and wR = 0.089 for 6424 observed reflections with I2σ（I）.

关键词： single-crystal X-ray structure multi-component reaction methyl 2-(diphenylamino)-4-phenyl-1 3-thiazole-5-carboxylate benzoyl isothiocyanate diphenylamine dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate

A Mathematical Model and Simulations of Low Temperature Nitriding katarzyna Tkacz-Smiech *** dedicate this article to the memory of Professor katarzyna Tkacz-Smiech

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第2期130卷 777-803页

作者： Bogusław Bo˙zek Lucjan Sapa katarzyna Tkacz-Smiech Marek Danielewski Janusz Rybak AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Applied MathematicsCracow30-059Poland AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Materials Science and CeramicsCracow30-059Poland

Low-temperature nitriding of steel or iron can produce an expanded austenite phase,which is a solid solution of a large amount of nitrogen dissolved interstitially in fcc *** is characteristic that the nitogen depth profiles in expanded austenite exhibit plateau-type *** behavior cannot be considered with a standard analytic solution for diffusion in a semi-infinite solid and a new approach is *** formulate a model of interdiffusion in viscoelastic solid(Maxwellmodel)during the nitriding *** combines themass conservation and Vegard’s rule with the Darken bi-velocity *** model is formulated in any dimension,i.e.,a mixture is included in R^(n),n=1,2,*** the system in one dimension,n=1,we transform a differential-algebraic system of 5 equations to a differential system of 2 equations only,which is better to study numerically and *** modification allows the formulation of effective mixed-type boundary *** resulting nonlinear strongly coupled parabolic-elliptic differential initial-boundary Stefan type problem is solved numerically and a series of simulations is made.

关键词： Nitriding expanded austenite Maxwell solid Darken method Vegard rule

Development tendencies of moulding and core sands

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China Foundry 2011年第4期8卷 438-446页

作者： Stanisaw M.Dobosz Petr Jelinek katarzyna Major-Gabry AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Foundry Engineering Department of Moulding Materials Mould Technology and Foundry of Non-ferrous Metals al. A.Mickiewicza 30 30-059 Krakow Poland VB–Ostrava University of Technology FMMI Foundry Department Czech Republic

Further development of the technology for making moulding and core sands will be strictly limited by tough requirements due to protection of the natural environment. These tendencies are becoming more and more tense, so that we will reach a point when even processes, that from technological point of view fulfill high requirements of the foundry industry, must be replaced by more ecologically-friendly solutions. Hence, technologies using synthetic resins as binding materials will be limited. This paper presents some predictable development tendencies of moulding and core sands. The increasing role of inorganic substances will be noticed, including silicate binders with significantly improved properties, such as improved knock-out property or higher reclamation strength. Other interesting solutions might also be moulding sands bonded by geo-polymers and phosphate binders or salts and also binders based on degradable biopolymers. These tendencies and the usefulness of these binders are put forward in this paper.

关键词： moulding sand core sand development tendencies

Liver steatosis correlates with iron overload but not with HFE gene mutations in chronic hepatitis C

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2013年第4期12卷 377-384页

作者： katarzyna Sikorska Piotr Stalke Tomasz Romanowski Robert Rzepko Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski Department of Infectious Diseases Medical University of GdanskSmoluchowskiego 18 80-214 Gdansk Poland Department of Biotechnology Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology University of Gdansk and Medical University of GdanskKladki 24 80-822 Gdansk Poland Department of Pathology Medical University of GdanskDebinki 7 80-952 Gdansk Poland

BACKGROUND: Liver steatosis and iron overload, which are frequently observed in chronic hepatitis C (CHC), may contribute to the progression of liver injury. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between liver steatosis and iron overload in Polish patients with CHC compared to non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and HFE-hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) patients. METHODS: A total of 191 CHC patients were compared with 67 NAFLD and 21 HH patients. Liver function tests, serum markers of iron metabolism, cholesterol and triglycerides were assayed. The inflammatory activity, fibrosis, iron deposits and steatosis stages were assessed in liver specimens. HFE gene polymorphisms were investigated by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS: Liver steatosis was associated with obesity and diabetes mellitus. This disease was confirmed in 76/174 (44%) CHC patients, most of whom were infected with genotype 1. The average grade of steatosis was higher in NAFLD patients. CHC patients had significantly higher iron concentrations and transferrin saturations than NAFLD patients. Compared with CHC patients, HH patients had higher values of serum iron parameters and more intensive hepatocyte iron deposits without differences in the prevalence and intensity of liver steatosis. In the CHC group, lipids accumulation in hepatocytes was significantly associated with the presence of serummarkers of iron overload. No correlation between the HFE gene polymorphism and liver steatosis in CHC patients was found. CONCLUSIONS: Liver steatosis was diagnosed in nearly half of CHC patients, most of whom were infected with genotype 1. The intensity of steatosis was lower in CHC patients than that in NAFLD patients because of a less frequent diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Only in CHC patients were biochemical markers of iron accumulation positively correlated with liver steatosis; these findings were independent of HFE gene mutations.

关键词： hepatitis C virus iron overload fatty liver hemochromatosis metabolic syndrome X

Changes in expression of inhibitory substances in the intramural neurons of the stomach following streptozotocininduced diabetes in the pig

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第33期23卷 6088-6099页

作者： Michal Bulc katarzyna Palus Lukasz Zielonka Magdalena Gajecka Jaroslaw Całka Department of Clinical Physiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Warmia and Mazury Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

AIM Influence of chronic hyperglycemia on chemical coding of enteric neurons in stomach using pig as a model for human diabetic *** Ten pigs were divided into two groups: diabetic(D group,n = 5) and control(C group,n = 5). Pigs constituting the experimental group were given streptozotocin(150 mg/kg). Animals were euthanized six weeks after the induction of diabetes. The samples of stomach were collected from animals of both groups. The cryostat sections were processed for double immunofluorescence staining using primary antisera directed towards pan-neuronal marker(Hu C/D) proteins and/or neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase(n NOS),vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP) and galanin(GAL). RESULTS In the control group in the myenteric ganglia(MG) of the corpus we have noted 22.28% ± 1.19% of n NOS positive neurons,while in diabetic group we have found 40.74% ± 2.22% of n NOS immunoreactive perikarya(increase by 82.85 %). In turn in the pylorus we have observed 15.91% ± 0.58% n NOS containing neurons in control animals and 35.38% ± 1.54% in the diabetes group(increase by 122.37%). In the MG of the antrum and submucosal ganglion(SG) in the corpus hyperglycemia did not cause statistically significant changes. With regard to VIP-positive cell bodies in the antrum MG in the control animals we have noted 18.38 ± 1.39% and 40.74% ± 1.77% in the experimental group(increase by 121.65%). While in the corpus we have observed 23.20% ± 0.23% in the control and 30.93% ± 0.86% in the diabetes group(increase by 33.31%). In turn in the pylorus VIP positive cells bodies constituted 23.64% ± 1.56% in the control group and 31.20% ± 1.10% in the experimental group(increase by 31.97%). In the submucosal ganglion in the corpus we have noted 43.61% ± 1.06% in the control animals and 37.00% ± 1.77% in the experimental group(decrease by 15.15%). Expression of GAL-positive perikarya showed statistically significant changes only in the MG of the antrum and pylorus. In the antr

关键词： Immunohistochemistry Inhibitory neurons Streptozotocin Hyperglycemia Pig