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The Threat of Financial Sanctions:What Safeguards Can Central Banks Build?

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China & World Economy 2022年第3期30卷 23-41页

作者： Srichander ramaswamy Prime Minister's Office Republic of Moldova

The sanctions imposed by the G10 countries on financial institutions in Russia,including on its central bank,mil come under scrutiny by emerging market central *** will help them build appropriate safeguards against disruptions to cross-border transactions and revise their investment mandates to reduce the risk of reserve asset *** new1 financial market infrastructure and cross-border payment systems,or strengthening existing ones,will become the priority of emerging global *** goal will be to build systems that support democratic governance mechanisms,have oversight arrangements involving the central banks of trusted countries,and promote fair and safe access to clearing and settlement under well-defined policy *** use of alternatives to the US dollar as the invoicing currency in international trade will gather *** for energy and other commodities will be the change *** has an important role to play.

关键词： Bretton Woods central banks financial market infrastructure financial sanctions foreign exchange reserves SWIFT

Treatment implications of posterior fossa ependymoma subgroups

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2016年第11期35卷 563-566页

作者： Vijay ramaswamy Michael D.Taylor Division of Haematology/Oncology Hospital for Sick Children Division of Neurosurgery Hospital for Sick Children

Posterior fossa ependymoma comprises two distinct molecular entities,ependymoma_posterior fossa A(EPN_PFA)and ependymoma_posterior fossa B(EPN_PFB),with differentiable gene expression *** yet,the response of the two entities to treatment is *** determine the relationship between the two molecular subgroups of posterior fossa ependymoma and treatment,we studied a cohort of 820 patients with molecularly profiled,clinically annotated posterior fossa *** found that the strongest predictor of poor outcome in patients with posterior fossa ependymoma across the entire age spectrum was molecular subgroup EPN_PFA,which was recently reported in the paper entitled "Therapeutic impact of cytoreductive surgery and irradiation of posterior fossa ependymoma in the molecular era:a retrospective multicohort analysis" in the Journal ofClinical *** with incompletely resected EPN_PFA tumors had a very poor outcome despite receiving adjuvant radiation therapy,whereas a substantial proportion of patients with EPN_PFB tumors can be cured with surgery alone.

关键词： Posterior fossa ependymoma Genomics Radiation PFA

Fault Recognition of Multilevel Inverter Using Artificial Neural Network Approach

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1331-1347页

作者： Aravind Athimoolam karthik Balasubramanian Research Scholar Faculty of Electrical EngineeringAnna UniversityChennai600025India Associate Professor Department of EEESona College of TechnologySalem636005India

This paper focuses on the development of a diagnostic tool for detect-ing insulated gate bipolar transistor power electronic switchﬂaws caused by both open and short circuit faults in multi-level inverter time-frequency output voltage speciﬁ***-resolution laboratory virtual instrument engineering work-bench software testing tool with a sample rate data collection system,as well as specialized signal processing and soft computing technologies,are used in this proposed *** a single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter,simu-lation and experimental investigations of both open and short issues of the insu-lated gate bipolar transistor components are performed *** all conceivable switch issues,the output voltage signals are evaluated for different modulation index *** fourier transform and discrete wavelet transform methods are used to investigate the frequency domain properties of output voltage *** the artiﬁcial neural network,the back propagation training technique was employed,and the generated neural parameter values were used in the Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench real-time fault diagnosis model.

关键词： Back propagation learning DWT cascaded H-bridge MLI FFT sinusoidal PWM THD

Power Prediction of VLSI Circuits Using Machine Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 2161-2177页

作者： E.Poovannan S.karthik Department of ECE College of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026TNIndia

The difference between circuit design stage and time requirements has broadened with the increasing complexity of the circuit.A big database is needed to undertake important analytical work like statistical method,heat research,and IR-drop research that results in extended running *** unit focuses on the assessment of test *** of the enormous number of successful designs for currentmodels and the unnecessary time required for every test,maximum energy ratings with all tests cannot be ***,test safety is important for producing trustworthy findings to avoid loss of output and harm to the ***,effective power assessment is only possible in a limited sample of pre-selected ***,a key objective is to find the experiments that might give the worst situations again for testing *** offers a machine-based circuit power estimation(MLCPE)system for the selection of *** distinct techniques of predicting are ***,to find testings with power dissipation,it forecasts the behavior of ***,the changemovement and energy data are linked to the semiconductor design,identifying small problem *** types of algorithms are *** particular,the methods *** findings show great accuracy and efficiency in *** enables such methods suitable for selecting the worst scenario.

关键词： Power estimation Machine learning circuit simulation VLSI implementation

Energy Prediction in IoT Systems Using Machine Learning Models

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 443-459页

作者： S.Balaji S.karthik Department of ECE SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusNo1 Jawaharlal Nehru RoadVadapalani600026TNIndia

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology has been developed fordirecting and maintaining the atmosphere in smart buildings in real time. Inorder to optimise the power generation sector and schedule routine maintenance,it is crucial to predict future energy demand. Electricity demandforecasting is difficult because of the complexity of the available demandpatterns. Establishing a perfect prediction of energy consumption at thebuilding’s level is vital and significant to efficiently managing the consumedenergy by utilising a strong predictive model. Low forecast accuracy is justone of the reasons why energy consumption and prediction models havefailed to advance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to create an IoTbasedenergy prediction (IoT-EP) model that can reliably estimate the energyconsumption of smart buildings. A real-world test case on power predictionsis conducted on a local electricity grid to test the practicality of the *** proposed (IoT-EP) model selects the significant features as input neurons,the predictable data is selected as output nodes, and a multi-layer perceptronis constructed along with the features of the Convolution Neural Network(CNN) algorithm. The analysis of the proposed IoT-EP model has higheraccuracy of 90%, correlation of 89%, and variance of 16% in less training timeof 29.2 s, and with a higher prediction speed of 396 (observation/sec). Whencompared to existing models, the results showed that the proposed (IoT-EP)model outperforms with a satisfactory level of accuracy in predicting energyconsumption in smart buildings.

关键词： Machine learning wireless networks internet of things energy prediction

Reply to“Wnt/beta-catenin signaling inhibitors and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:Potential therapeutic implications”

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第4期22卷 439-440页

The Author Reply:We sincerely appreciated the interest of Polyzos et al.,in our review article and sharing their improvised thoughts regarding the Wnt signaling modulators for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Several experimental studies have showed that the aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes the development and/or progression of a variety of chronic liver diseases including NAFLD[1,2].Therefore,our review emphasized on the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the role of its mediators in NAFLD *** that NAFLD prevalence is constantly increas-ing,and that osteoporosis is associated with women over 50 years of age with NAFLD[3],there is an unmet need for an effective *** blocks the canonical Wnt signaling pathway of bone ***,romosozumab,a humanized anti-sclerostin monoclonal antibody,was approved for the treatment of *** binds to sclerostin,permitting the en-gagement of Wnt ligands with their co-receptors,resulting in an increase in bone formation and bone mineral density.

关键词： liver Wnt constantly

Benevolent behavior of Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in sulfuric acid solution

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第11期21卷 1083-1095页

作者： Muthukrishnan Pitchaipillai karthik Raj Jeyaprabha Balasubramanian Prakash Periakaruppan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Engineering Karpagam UniversityCoimbatore-641021 Tamil Nadu India Department of Chemistry Thiagarajar CollegeMadurai-625009 Tamil Nadu India Department of Civil Engineering Fatima Michael College of Engineering & TechnologyMadurai-625020 Tamil Nadu India

The ethanolic extract of Kleinia grandiflora leaves was characterized and tested for its potential anticorrosion properties on mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 medium using mass-loss analysis, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel was studied in the range of 308 to 328 K. The inhibition efficiency was observed to increase with increasing concentration of the extract. Polarization curves revealed that the Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract is a mixed inhibitor. Impedance diagrams revealed that an increase of Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract concentration increased the charge transfer resistance and decreased the double-layer capacitance. The adsorption process obeys Langmuir＇s model, with a standard free energy of adsorption（ΔGads） of-18.62 k J/mol. The obtained results indicate that the Kleinia grandiflora leaf extract can serve as an effective inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in a sulfuric acid medium.

关键词： steel corrosion mild steel sulfuric acid corrosion inhibitors

Blockchain Enabled Metaheuristic Cluster Based Routing Model for Wireless Networks

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第2期44卷 1233-1250页

作者： R.M.Bhavadharini S.karthik Department of Computer Science and Engineering Easwari Engineering CollegeChennai600089India Department of Computer Science and Engineering SNS College of TechnologyCoimbatore641035India

With recent advancements made in wireless communication techniques,wireless sensors have become an essential component in both data collection as well as tracking *** Sensor Network(WSN)is an integral part of Internet of Things(IoT)and it encounters different kinds of security *** is designed as a game changer for highly secure and effective digital ***,the current research paper focuses on the design of Metaheuristic-based Clustering with Routing Protocol for Blockchain-enabled WSN abbreviated as *** proposed MCRP-BWSN technique aims at deriving a shared memory scheme using blockchain technology and determine the optimal paths to reach the destination in clustered *** MCRP-BWSN technique,Chimp Optimization Algorithm(COA)-based clustering technique is designed to elect a proper set of Cluster Heads(CHs)and organize the selected *** addition,Horse Optimization Algorithm(HOA)-based routing technique is also presented to optimally select the routes based onﬁtness ***,HOA-based routing technique utilizes blockchain technology to avail the shared mem-ory among nodes in the *** nodes are treated as coins whereas the ownership handles the sensor nodes and Base Station(BS).In order to validate the enhanced performance of the proposed MCRP-BWSN technique,a wide range of simulations was conducted and the results were examined under different *** on the performance exhibited in simulation outcomes,the pro-posed MCRP-BWSN technique has been established as a promising candidate over other existing techniques.

关键词： Wireless networks blockchain routing protocol clustering security metaheuristics

Fabrication and modeling of multi-layer metal–insulator-metal capacitors

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Journal of Semiconductors 2017年第12期38卷 32-36页

作者： R karthik A Akshaykranth MLR Institute of Technology DundigalHyderabad 500043India

This paper presents the fabrication and modeling for capacitance-voltage characteristics of multi-layer metal-insulator-metal capacitors. It is observed that, due the applied electric field, the effective dielectric constant of the stack was increased due to the accumulation of charges at the interface of high-to-low conductance materials. It is observed that the Maxwell-Wagner polarization is dominant at low frequencies （〈10 kHz）. By introducing carrier tunneling probability of the dielectric stack, the model presented in this paper shows a good agreement with experimental results. The presented model indicates that the nonlinearity can be suppressed by choosing the similar permittivity dielectric materials for fabrication of multilayer metal insulator metal capacitors.

关键词： anodic oxidation dielectric high-k multi-layer capacitance-voltage Maxwell-Wagner capacitor