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Abundance of insects and aerial insectivorous birds in relation to pesticide and fertilizer use

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 412-420页

作者： Anders Pape Møller Dorota Czeszczewik Einar Flensted-Jensen Johannes Erritzøe Indrikis Krams karsten laursen Wei Liang Wiesław Walankiewicz Ecologie Systématique Evolution UniversitéParis-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-Saclay91405 Orsay CedexFrance Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences Institute of Biological SciencesSiedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanitiesul.B.Prusa 1408-110 SiedlcePoland Cypresvej 1 9700 BrønderslevDenmark House of Bird Research Taps6070 ChristiansfeldDenmark Department of Biotechnology Daugavpils UniversityDaugavpils 5401Latvia Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityGrenåvej 148410 RøndeDenmark Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China

Background:The abundance of insects has decreased considerably during recent decades,resulting in current abundance showing 70-80%reductions in more than 15 studies across temperate climate *** reduc-tions in the abundance of insects are likely to have consequences for other taxa at higher trophic levels such as preda-tors and ***,fertilizers and agricultural land use are likely candidates accounting for such reductions in the abundance of ***:Here we surveyed the abundance of flying insects,and the reduction in the abundance of insects as a consequence of intensive reduction in agricultural practice linked to fertilizer use and pesticide *** we dem-onstrated consistency in abundance of birds among study ***:We demonstrated that the use of fertilizers and pesticides had reduced the abundance of insects,with consequences for the abundance of insectivorous bird species such as Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica),House Martins(Delichon urbicum)and Swifts(Apus apus).Juvenile Barn Swallows were negatively affected by the reduced abundance of insects and hence the reproductive success of insectivorous bird *** effects imply that the abundance of insects could be reduced by the availability of insect ***:These effects of intensive agriculture on insect food abundance are likely to have negative impacts on populations of insects and their avian *** hypothesis was validated by a reduction in the abundance of insects,linked to an increase in the abundance of fertilizers and a general change in farming practice.

关键词： Aerial insectivores Fecundity of insects Insect abundance Insectivores,Insects

Comparative urbanization of birds in China and Europe based on birds associated with trees

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Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 617-625页

作者： Anders Pape MOLLER Canwei XIA Bo ZHOU Xianli CHE Xingzhi CHE Changzhang FENG karsten laursen Federico MORELLI Wangming LI Jianping LIU Qing QUAN Min ZHANG Qiang ZHANG Qiangwen ZHAN Laikun MA Haitao WANG Fasheng ZOU Wei LIANG Ecologie Systematique Evolution University Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversity Paris-SaclayOrsay CedexFrance Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and UtilizationGuangdong Institute of Applied Biological ResourcesGuangzhouChina Institute of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityDenmarkDenmark Faculty of Environmental Sciences Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial PlanningCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzech Republic Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina

Urbanization effects on living organisms are spatially *** we quantified the abundance of birds per tree in forested urban and rural habitats for 85,829 trees mainly in China and Europe.A population model was based on the assumption that:1)birds have a normally distributed habitat preference;2)an increase in population size linked to the habitat preference;3)a population size dependent on the habitat preference;and 4)the removal of a certain fraction of individuals giving rise to *** tested for large-scale differences in the impact of urbanization on the frequency distribution of the difference in abundance between urban and rural habitats in China and parts of *** difference in the frequency distribution of urban population density of birds in trees minus rural population density of birds in trees in China and Europe was statistically significant suggesting that the abundance of birds differed between trees in urban and rural habitats,but more so in China than in *** hypothesize that more pronounced differences in China than in Europe may have arisen due to the Four Pests Campaign in 1958-1962 that resulted in death of hundreds of millions of birds(mainly tree sparrows Passer monfanus,but also numerous other less common species that were starting to become urbanized around 1960).Species that were less common in 1960 could not sustain reductions in population size in urban areas and hence these species are still rare or absent in urban areas today 60 years later.

关键词： AN0SIM community composition distribution frequency skewness habitat preference human-bird interactions kurtosis sociality

Influence of water evaporation on elastohydrodynamic lubrication with water-containing polyalkylene glycols

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Friction 2024年第10期12卷 2370-2388页

作者： Stefan HOFMANN Thomas LOHNER karsten STAHL Technical University of Munich School of Engineering and DesignDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringGear Research Center(FZG)Boltzmannstraße 1585748 Garching near MunichGermany

The reduction of frictional power losses in power transmitting gears takes a crucial role in the design of energy-and resource-efficient ***-containing lubricants like glycerol and polyalkylene glycols have shown great potential in achieving friction within the superlubricity regime with coefficients of friction lower than 0.01 under elastohydrodynamic ***,a bio-based production of the base stocks can lead to the development of green ***,one challenge associated with the application of water-containing lubricants to gearboxes is the evaporation of water and its impact on the lubricant *** this study,the influence of water evaporation on elastohydrodynamic friction and film thickness was investigated for three water-containing polyalkylene *** nominal water contents of 20 wt%and 40 wt%and two viscosities were *** results show that the friction increases continuously with higher evaporated water content,while the overall friction level remains low in nearly water-free states.A similar trend is observed for film thickness,where the strong increase in viscosity results in a notable increase in film ***,the sensitivity of friction and film thickness to water evaporation is low for small amounts of evaporated *** allows generous thresholds for permissible variations in water content.

关键词： friction superlubricity aqueous lubrication elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) evaporation polyalkylene glycol

Water as a Standard Substance of a Logarithmic Poison Scale

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第1期12卷 86-92页

作者： karsten Strey Scientific Writer Hamburg Germany

The lethal dose LD50 represents the most important experimental value for acute toxicity. The simple logarithmic calculation of -log10 LD50 = value leads to the possible poison power pLD. As with the pH or pK value, respectively, for acid or the scale of earthquake intensities the logarithm helps making large differences of orders of magnitude easier to understand since they are more comparable. The higher the pLD value, the higher is the power of poison. An increase of the pLD value by 1 stands for a tenfold increase in toxicity. The lethal acute dose for water, one of the most important and at the same time non-toxic substances of all, is about one tenth of the body weight. This leads to a possible pLD value for water of 1, an ideal starting value for a logarithmic poison scale.

关键词： LD50 Lethal Dose Toxicity Water Glyphosate Poison Scale

Cobalt Single Atom-Catalyzed Formation of LiOH in Li-O_(2)Batteries via the Direct 4-Electron Oxygen Reduction Pathway

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第10期6卷 2502-2514页

作者： Kang Huang Hao Wan Zhichao Gong Jianbin Liu Minmin Yan Jun Wu Chunyu Cui Gonglan Ye karsten Reuter Huilong Fei Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and ChemometricsCollege of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082 Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Berlin 14195

The formation of LiOH as the discharge product instead of Li_(2)O_(2)in Li-O_(2)batteries(LOBs)is highly desirable due to the associated drawbacks of Li_(2)O_(2)-based chemistry,which involves the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates responsible for substantial side ***,the current challenge lies in the formation pathway of LiOH,which typically requires the chemical hydrolysis of the hazardous LiO_(2)or Li_(2)O_(2)intermediate,posing risks to the battery ***,we report a direct 4e–electrochemical approach to LiOH enabled by a single atom catalyst(SAC)consisting of CoN_(3)moieties embedded in graphene(CoN_(3)-G),while Li_(2)O_(2)is formed on the metal-free nitrogen-doped graphene(NG).The direct 4e–LiOH pathway significantly reduces the parasitic reactions,resulting in negligible damage to the electrolyte and *** stands in strong contrast to the conventional 2e–Li_(2)O_(2)pathway mediated by NG and the indirect LiOH pathway by MnO_(2).Theoretical calculations further clarify that the presence of CoN_(3)sites enhances the adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates like*OLiO and*Li_(2)O_(2),promoting the protonation of*Li_(2)O_(2)and the cleavage of the O–O bond to form *** work demonstrates a promising strategy to modulate the reaction pathways in LOBs and broadens the applications of SACs.

关键词： single atom catalyst LiOH Li-O_(2)batteries direct 4-electron oxygen reduction pathway selectivity

Subpopulations of regulatory T cells are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic plaques,levels of LDL,and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 288-296,I0002页

作者： Tim Böttrich Pascal Bauer Vincent Gröβer Magdalena Huber Hartmann Raifer Torsten Frech Svenja Nolte Theresa Dombrowski Franz Cemic Natascha Sommer Robert Ringseis Klaus Eder karsten Krüger Christopher Weyh Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy Institute of Sports ScienceJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Department of Cardiology and Angiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35392Germany Institute for Systems Immunology Center for Tumor und ImmunologyMarburg 35032Germany TH Mittelhessen Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Applied Sciences GiessenGiessen 35390Germany Department of Internal Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Giessen 35394Germany Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI) Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35390Germany

Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular *** pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early *** is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of ***,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(SAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated ***:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±SD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking *** of the carotids to identify SAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were ***,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose *** of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow *** were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque *** and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between ***:SAP was detected in a total of 29 *** participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Elderly Regulatory T cells Subclinical atherosclerosis

Gottfried Konecny:The photogrammetric and remote sensing trend setter

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第1期24卷 13-21,I0004页

作者： karsten Jacobsen Institute of Photogrammetry and Geoinformation Leibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany

There are various publications on the 90th birthday of Gottfried *** involvement in the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing(ISPRS)is particularly described by ***,his forward-oriented impulses in research and development at the former Institute for Photogrammetry and Engineering Survey of the(Technical)University of Hannover,today Institute for Photogrammetry and Geoinformation,Leibniz University Hannover,and some of his activities supporting developing and other countries by given shortterm courses are *** Konecny was always one of the first in pushing new *** the analytical plotter AP/C-3,he introduced analytical photogrammetry in *** on his experience with this not really operational version,he induced the company Zeiss to develop the first really operational analytical plotter Planicomp,which resulted in the end of analog photogrammetric devices and their *** the invitation of Gilbert Hobrough,a mainly hardware-based image correlator was developed for the AP/C-3 in Hannover which anticipated many of today’s *** Konecny initiated remote sensing in *** on his proposal with the Metric Camera Flight on Spacelab,the then highest resolution civil stereoscopic space images available were *** limited computer performance at his institute,a digital stereo plotter was developed,using hardware components from the cooperating Swedish company Context Vision,long before digital stereo workstations with increased and affordable computer capacity were ***,in the area of GIS,he too,pushed development in collaboration with companies and *** before the end of his time as head of the institute,and more so after he became emeritus professor,he started a series of educational workshops,particularly in developing countries,but also other countries,to support the development of photogrammetry,remote sensing and *** prom

关键词： initiated gramme hardware

Turbulence model performance for ventilation components pressure losses

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Building Simulation 2022年第3期15卷 389-399页

作者： karsten Tawackolian Martin Kriegel Hermann-Rietschel-Institut EnergyComfort&Health in BuildingsTU BerlinGermany

This study looks to find a suitable turbulence model for calculating pressure losses of ventilation *** building ventilation,the most relevant Reynolds number range is between 3×10^(4) and 6×10^(5),depending on the duct dimensions and airflow *** loss coefficients can increase considerably for some components at Reynolds numbers below 2×10^(5).An initial survey of popular turbulence models was conducted for a selected test case of a bend with such a strong Reynolds number *** of the turbulence models failed in reproducing this dependence and predicted curve progressions that were too flat and only applicable for higher Reynolds *** effects near walls played an important role in the present *** turbulence modelling,near-wall damping functions are used to account for this influence.A model that implements near-wall modelling is the lag elliptic blending k-ε*** model gave reasonable predictions for pressure loss coefficients at lower Reynolds *** example is the low Reynolds number k-εturbulence model of Wilcox(LRN).The modification uses damping functions and was initially developed for simulating profiles such as aircraft *** has not been widely used for internal flows such as air duct *** on selected reference cases,the three closure coefficients of the LRN model were adapted in this work to simulate ventilation *** predictions were obtained with new coefficients(LRNM model).This underlined that low Reynolds number effects are relevant in ventilation ductworks and give first insights for suitable turbulence models for this *** the lag elliptic blending model and the modified LRNM model predicted the pressure losses relatively well for the test case where the other tested models failed.

关键词： HVAC ductwork CFD simulation turbulence model model calibration

Improving contrast and sectioning power in confocal imaging by third harmonic generation in SiOx nanocrystallites

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Chinese Optics Letters 2007年第8期5卷 477-479页

作者： Gilbert Boyer karsten Plamann Laboratoire d'Optique Appliqude Ecole Polytechnique-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Techniques A vancdes-CNRS UMR 7639 Centre de l'Yvette chemin de la Hunière 91761 Palaiseau cedex France

We present a new optical microscope in which the light transmitted by a sample-scanned transmission confocal microscope is frequency-tripled by SiOx nanocrystallites in lieu of being transmitted by a confocal pinhole. This imaging technique offers an increased contrast and a high scattered light rejection. It is demonstrated that the contrast close to the Sparrow resolution limit is enhanced and the sectioning power are increased with respect to the linear confocal detection mode. An experimental implementation is presented and compared with the conventional linear confocal mode.

关键词： mode Improving contrast and sectioning power in confocal imaging by third harmonic generation in SiO_x nanocrystallites THG