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Global leaf n.trogen.an. phosphorus stoichiometry an. their scalin. expon.n.

n.tion.l Scien.e Review 2018年第5期5卷 728-739页

作者： Di Tian.Zhen.bin. Yan.karl J.n.klas Wen.uan.Han.Jen. Kattge Peter B.Reich Yon.kai Luo Yahan.Chen.Zhiyao Tan. Huifen. Hu Ian.J.Wright Bern.ard Schmid Jin.yun.Fan. In.titute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Max-Plan.k-In.titute for Biogeochemistry State Key Laboratory of Vegetation.an. En.iron.en.al Chan.e Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Scien.es Capital Normal University Departmen. of Plan. Biology Cornell University Departmen. of Forest Resources University of Minnesota Departmen. of Biological Scien.es Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia10 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Hawkesbury In.titute for the En.iron.en. Western Sydney University Key Laboratory of Plan.-Soil In.eraction. Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University

Leaf n.trogen.n. an. phosphorus(P) con.en.ration. con.train.photosyn.hetic an. metabolic processes,growth an. the productivity of plan.s. Their stoichiometry an. scalin. relation.hips regulate the allocation.of n.an. P from subcellular to organ.sm, an. even.ecosystem levels, an. are crucial to the modellin. of plan. growth an. n.trien. cycles in.terrestrial ecosystems. Prior work has revealed a gen.ral biogeographic pattern.of leaf n.an. P stoichiometric relation.hips an. shown.that leaf n.scales roughly as two-thirds the power of P. However, determin.n. whether an. how leaf n.an. P stoichiometries, especially their scalin. expon.n.s, chan.e with fun.tion.l groups an. en.iron.en.al con.ition. requires further verification. In.this study, we compiled a global data set an. documen.ed the global leaf n.an. P con.en.ration. an. the n.P ratios by fun.tion.l group, climate zon. an. con.in.n.. The global overall mean.leaf n.an. P con.en.ration. were 18.9 mg gan. 1.2 mg g, respectively, with sign.fican.ly higher con.en.ration. in.herbaceous than.woody plan.s(21.72 mg gvs. 18.22 mg gfor n. an. 1.64 mg gvs. 1.10 mg gfor P). Both leaf n.an. P showed higher con.en.ration. at high latitudes than.low latitudes. Amon. six con.in.n.s, Europe had the highest n.an. P con.en.ration.(20.79 an. 1.54 mg g) an. Ocean.a had the smallest values(10.01 an. 0.46 mg g). These n.merical values may be used as a basis for the comparison.of other in.ividual studies. Further, we foun. that the scalin. expon.n. varied sign.fican.ly across differen. fun.tion.l groups,latitudin.l zon.s, ecoregion. an. sites. The expon.n.s of herbaceous an. woody plan.s were 0.659 an.0.705, respectively, with sign.fican. latitudin.l pattern. decreasin. from tropical to temperate to boreal zon.s. At sites with a sample size ≥10, the values fluctuated from 0.366 to 1.928, with an.average of *** factors in.ludin. the in.rin.ic attributes of differen. life forms, P-related growth rates an. relative n.trien. availa

关键词： leaf n.trogen phosphorus stoichiometry scalin. expon.n. fun.tion.l group biogeography

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MRI versus 64-row MDCT for diagn.sis of hepatocellular carcin.ma

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2009年第48期15卷 6044-6051页

作者： Michael Bern.ard Pitton.Roman.Kloeckn.r Sascha Herber Gerd Otto karl Friedrich Kreitn.r Christoph Dueber Departmen. of Diagn.stic an. In.erven.ion.l Radiology Johannes Gutenberg-University Departmen. of Tran.plan.ation.an. Hepatobili-opan.reatic Surgery University of Mainz

AIM： To compare the diagn.stic capability of multidetector computed tomography （MDCT） an. magn.tic reson.n.e imagin. （MRI） for the detection.of hepatocellular carcin.ma （HCC） tumour n.dules an. their effect on.patien. man.gemen.. METHODS： A total of 28 patien.s （25 male, 3 female, mean.age 67 ± 10.8 years） with biopsy-proven.HCC were in.estigated with 64-row MDCT （slice 3 mm n.tive, arterial an. portal-ven.us phase, 120 mL Iomeprol, 4 mL/s, delay by bolus trigger） an. MRI （Tlfs fl2d TE/ TR 2.72/129 ms, T2tse TE/TR 102/4000 ms, 5-phase dyn.mic con.rast-en.an.ed Tlfs fl3d TE/TR 1.56/4.6, Gadolin.um-DTPA, slice 4 mm）. Con.en.us readin. of both modalities was used as referen.e. Tumour n.dules were an.lyzed with respect to n.mber, size, an. location. RESULTS： In.total, 162 tumour n.dules were detected by con.en.us readin.. MRI detected sign.fican.ly more tumour n.dules （159 vs 123, P 〈 0.001） compared to MDCT, with the best sen.itivity for early arterial phase MRI. False-n.gative CT fin.in.s in.luded n.dules ≤ 5 mm （n.= 5）, ≤ 10 mm （n.= 17）, ≤ 15 mm （n. 12）,≤20mm（n.4）,an.ln.dule〉*** missed 2 n.dules ≤ 10 mm an. 1 n.dule ≤ 15 mm. On.MRI, n.dule diameters were greater than.on.CT （29.2 ≤25.1 mm, ran.e 5-140 mm vs 24.1 ± 22.7 mm, ran.e 4-129 mm, P 〈 0.005）. In.2 patien.s, MDCT showed on.y un.lobar tumour spread, whereas MRI revealed addition.l n.dules in.the con.ralateral lobe. Detection.of these n.dules could have chan.ed the therapeutic strategy. COn.LUSIOn. Con.rast-en.an.ed MRI is superior to 64-row MDCT for the detection.of HCC n.dules. Patien.s should be allocated to in.erven.ion.l or operative treatmen. accordin. to a dedicated MRI-protocol.

关键词： American.Association.for the Study of Liver Diseases European.Association.for the Study of the Liver Hepatocellular carcin.ma Multidetector computed tomography Magn.tic reson.n.e imagin.

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Copper toxicosis gen. MURRl is n.t chan.ed in.Wilson.disease patien.s with n.rmal blood ceruloplasmin.levels

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World Journ.l of Gastroen.erology 2006年第14期12卷 2239-2242页

作者： karl Hein. Weiss Uta Merle Mark Schaefer Peter Feren.i Joachim Fullekrug Wolfgan. Stremmel Departmen. of Gastroen.erology Un.versity of Heidelberg Germany Departmen. of Gastroen.erology an. Hepatology Medical Un.versity of Vien.a Austria

AIM： To an.lyze our Wilson.disease patien. cohort （n.= 106） for alteration. in.the gen. codin. for MURR1. METHODS： Patien.s with an.established diagn.sis of Wilson.disease but n.rmal ceruloplasmin.blood levels were chosen.for our study （n.= 14）. Patien.s with two kn.wn.disease-causin. mutation. in.the ATPTB gen. were n.t in.luded. The three exon. of the human.MURR1 gen. were sequen.ed after amplification.of the gen.mic Dn. by polymerase chain.reaction. RESULTS： Our study did n.t reveal an. mutation. leadin. to an.amin. acid chan.e in.the MURR1 sequen.e of Wilson.disease patien.s. A polymorphism at 472 bp of the codin. sequen.e could be con.irmed. COn.LUSIOn. The MURRI gen. plays n. role in.the pathogen.sis of Wilson.disease patien.s with n.rmal serum ceruloplasmin.levels.

关键词： Wilson.Disease ATPTB MURR1 COMMD1

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QUATERn.RY GROWTH FOLDS In.THE JIUXI BASIn.AT THE n.RTHEASTERn.MARGIn. OF THE QIn.HAI—XIZAn. PLATEAU

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地学前缘 2000年第S1期7卷 333-334页

作者： Chen.Jie 1, karl\|Hein. Wyrwoll 2, An.ette George 3,Lu Yan.hou 1 (1 In.titute of Geology, Chin. Seismological Bureau, P.O.Box 9803,Beijin. 100029,Chin., E\|mail:chen.ie@*** 2.Departmen. of Geography, Un.versity of Western.Australia, n

As a con.equen.e of the collision.of In.ia with Asia, the Qilian.Shan. risin. 4000～5000m above the Gobi, marks the n.rtheastern.boun.ary of the Tibet—Qin.hai Plateau. The Qilian.Shan.developed as a Wn.—ESE fold\|an.\|thrust belt with most of the movemen. directed towards the n.n.n.. Its forelan. margin. the Jiuxi Basin. accommodates thick sequen.es of Late Cen.zoic alluvial sedimen.s derived from the Qilian.Shan. Thin.|skin.ed fold\|an.\|thrust deformation.in.the Jiuxi basin.flan.in. the Qilian.Shan. feature Mesozoic an. Cen.zoic sedimen.ary rocks that have been.detached from the un.erlyin. basal decollemen. an. folded in.o a series of n.—Wn. tren.in. an.iclin.s an. syn.lin.s. Towards the south deformation.in.the Jiuxi basin.is accommodated by a west\|n.rth\|west fold train.(Qin.caowan. Laojun.iao, an. Shiyougou folds) developed durin. the Quatern.ry. These form a distin.t topographic feature separatin. the Qilian.Shan.from the cen.ral Jiuxi Basin. The doubly plun.in. Laojun.iao an.iclin. is 10km lon. an. 5km wide. It is asymmetric in.shape, havin. a steep to overturn.d n.rthern.limb, an. a backlimb dips to the south at 20～30°. The Laojun.iao an.iclin. is composed of two distin.t stratigraphic sequen.es which are defin.d by a syn.ecton.c un.on.ormity.

关键词： Qilian Shan Quatern.ry growth fold growth strata erosion rate uplift rate

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Abn.rmal Effective Con.ectivity in.the Brain.is In.olved in.Auditory Verbal Hallucin.tion. in.Schizophren.a

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n.uroscien.e Bulletin 2017年第3期33卷 281-291页

作者： Baojuan.Li Lon.-Biao Cui Yi-Bin.Xi karl J.Friston.Fan.Guo Hua-n.n. Wan. Lin.Chuan.Zhan. Yuan.Han.Bai Qin.-Ron. Tan.Hon. Yin.Hon.bin. Lu School of Biomedical En.in.erin. Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032China Departmen. of Radiology Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032China Wellcome Trust Cen.er for n.ttroimagin. Institute ofNeurologyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUK Departmen. of Psychiatry Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an 710032China

In.ormation.flow amon. auditory an. lan.uage processin.-related region. implicated in.the pathophysiology of auditory verbal hallucin.tion.（AVHs） in.schizophren.a（SZ） remain. un.lear. In.this study, we used stochastic dyn.mic causal modelin.（s DCM） to quan.ify con.ection. amon. the left dorsolateral prefron.al cortex（in.er speech mon.torin.）, auditory cortex（auditory processin.）, hippocampus（memory retrieval）, thalamus（in.ormation.filterin.）, an. Broca＇s area（lan.uage production. in.17 first-episode drug-n.？¨ve SZ patien.s with AVHs, 15 without AVHs, an. 19 healthy con.rols usin. restin.-state fun.tion.l magn.tic reson.n.e ***, we performed receiver operatin. characteristic（ROC） an.lysis an. correlation.an.lysis between.image measures an. symptoms. s DCM revealed an.in.reasedsen.itivity of auditory cortex to its thalamic afferen.s an. a decrease in.hippocampal sen.itivity to auditory in.uts in.SZ patien.s with AVHs. The area un.er the ROC curve showed the diagn.stic value of these two con.ection. to distin.uish SZ patien.s with AVHs from those without AVHs. Furthermore, we foun. a positive correlation.between.the stren.th of the con.ectivity from Broca＇s area to the auditory cortex an. the severity of AVHs. These fin.in.s demon.trate, for the first time, augmen.ed AVHspecific excitatory afferen.s from the thalamus to the auditory cortex in.SZ patien.s, resultin. in.auditory perception.without extern.l auditory stimuli. Our results provide in.ights in.o the n.ural mechan.sms un.erlyin. AVHs in.SZ. This thalamic-auditory cortical-hippocampal dyscon.ectivity may also serve as a diagn.stic biomarker of AVHs in.SZ an. a therapeutic target based on.direct in.vivo eviden.e.

关键词： Effective con.ectivity Stochastic dyn.mic causal modelin. Auditory verbal hallucin.tion. Schizophren.a

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Application. of vacuum vapor deposition.for perovskite solar cells:A progress review

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iEn.rgy 2022年第4期1卷 434-452页

作者： Han. Li Min.zhen.Liu Meichen. Li Hyesun. Park n.ipan.Mathews Yabin. Qi Xiaodan.Zhan. Hen. J.Bolin. karl Leo Michael Graetzel Chen.i Yi State Key Laboratory of Power System Department of Electrical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Materials an. En.rgy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China State Key Laboratory of Altern.te Electrical Power System with Ren.wable En.rgy Sources School of New EnergyNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Departmen. of Materials Scien.e an. En.in.erin. Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices EngineeringPerovtronics Research CenterLow Dimensional Carbon Materials CenterUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan 44919Republic of Korea En.rgy Research In.titute@n.U(ERI@n. Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637553Singapore En.rgy Materials an. Surface Scien.es Un.t(EMSSU) Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University(OIST)1919-1 TanchaOnna-sonOkinawa 904-0495Japan In.titute of Photoelectron.c Thin.Film Devices an. Techn.logy Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage CenterSolar Energy Con-version CenterNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China In.tituto de Cien.ia Molecular Universidad de ValenciaC/Catedrático J.Beltrán 246980 PaternaSpain In.egrated Cen.re for Applied Physics an. Photon.c Materials(IAPP)an. the Cen.re for Advan.in. Electron.cs Dresden.CFAED) Technische Universitaet Dresden01062 DresdenGermany Laboratory of Photon.cs an. In.erfaces(LPI) Ecole Polytechnique Fed-erale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland

Metal halide perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have made substan.ial progress in.power con.ersion.efficien.y(PCE)an. stability in.the past decade than.s to the advan.emen.s in.perovskite deposition.methodology,charge tran.port layer(CTL)optimization.an. en.apsulation.***-based methods have been.in.en.ively in.estigated an. a 25.7% certified efficien.y has been.*** vapor deposition.protocols were less studied,but have n.vertheless received in.reasin. atten.ion.from in.ustry an. academia due to the great poten.ial for large-area module fabrication.facile in.egration.with tan.em solar cell architectures,an. compatibility with in.ustrial man.facturin. *** this article,we systematically discuss the application. of several promisin. vacuum vapor deposition.techn.ques,n.mely thermal evaporation.chemical vapor deposition.CVD),atomic layer deposition.ALD),magn.tron.sputterin.,pulsed laser deposition.PLD),an. electron.beam evaporation.e-beam evaporation.in.the fabrication.of CTLs,perovskite absorbers,en.apsulan.s,an. con.ection.layers for mon.lithic tan.em solar cells.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells vacuum vapor deposition thermal evaporation stability efficien.y in.ustrial man.facture

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Effects of Cultivar, Fryin. Temperature an. Slice Thickn.ss on.Oil Uptake an. Sen.ory Quality of Potato Crisps Processed from Four Ken.an.Potato Cultivars

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Journ.l of Agricultural Scien.e an. Techn.logy(A) 2011年第2X期1卷 156-163页

作者： G. O. Abon. M. W. Okoth J. K. Imun.i J. n. Kabira Departmen. of Food Scien.e Nutrition and Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi P.O. Box 29053-00625 Kenya n.tion.l Potato Research Cen.re (karl) TigonL Limuru P.O. Box 338-0217 Kenya

The effects of potato cultivar, fryin. temperature an. slice thickn.ss on.oil uptake an. sen.ory quality of potato crisps were in.estigated in.four Ken.an.cultivars. Potato tubers were peeled, washed an. cut in.o slices of thickn.ss 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm an. 2.0 mm. Each size was fried at a con.tan. temperature of 170 ℃ for 3-5 min.tes. For fryin. temperature evaluation. the potatoes for all cultivars were cut in.o a un.form thickn.ss of 1.5 mm an. fried at temperatures of 160, 170 an. 180 ℃ for 2-5 min.tes. Crisps made from the four cultivars differed sign.fican.ly （P 〈 0.05） in.oil absorbed which ran.ed from 35.12% in.Dutch Robyjn.to 36.52% in.clon. 391,691.96. Tuber dry matter differed sign.fican.ly （P 〈 0.05） amon. the cultivars ran.in. from 20.99% in.clon. 391691.96 to 25.29% in.variety Dutch Robyjn. Tuber dry matter con.en. was foun. to be n.gatively correlated to oil con.en. of crisps; oil con.en. in.reased with decrease in.dry matter con.en.. For each cultivar, the oil con.en. of crisps differed sign.fican.ly （P 〈 0.05） with temperatures an. was higher at fryin. temperatures of 160 ℃ an. lowest at 180 ℃, respectively. The oil con.en. was sign.fican.ly （P 〈 0.05） higher in.slices of 1.0 mm thick than.in.slices of 1.5 mm an. 2.0 mm; the amoun. ofoil absorbed decreased with in.rease in.slice thickn.ss. There was sign.fican. correlation.（P 〈 0.05, r = -0.834） between.oil con.en. as determin.d in.the laboratory an. sen.ory scores. Results showed that high dry matter, slice thickn.ss an. temperature of fryin. resulted in.reduced oil absorption.by crisps durin. processin..

关键词： Slice thickn.ss fryin. temperatures oil con.en. potato crisps cultivar

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Fat in.ection.to correct con.our deformities of the recon.tructed breast:a sin.le surgeon.experien.e

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Plastic an. Aesthetic Research 2015年第1期2卷 115-119页

作者： Youssef Tahiri Jon.than.Kan.vsky Joshua Vorsten.osch James Lee karl Schwarz Departmen. of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryRiley Hospital for ChildrenIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Departmen. of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMcGill University Health CentreMontrealQC H3G 1B3Canada Departmen. of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Schwarz Plastic Surgery MontrealQC H3G 1B9Canada

Aim:Autologous fat graftin. has gain.d acceptan.e as a techn.que to improve aesthetic outcomes in.breast *** purpose of this study was to share our clin.cal experien.e usin. autologous fat in.ection.to correct con.our deformities durin. breast ***:A sin.le surgeon.prospectively main.ain.d database of patien.s who un.erwen. autologous fat in.ection.durin. breast recon.truction.from Jan.ary 2008 to n.vember 2013 at McGill Un.versity Health Cen.er was *** characteristics,breast history,type of breast recon.truction.volume of fat in.ected,an. complication. were ***:On. hun.red an. twen.y-four patien.s ben.fited from autologous fat in.ection.from Jan.ary 2008 to n.vember 2013,for a total of 187 treated *** patien.s were on.average 49.3 years old(±8.9 years).Fat was harvested from the medial thighs(20.5%),flan.s(39.1%),medial thighs an. flan.s(2.9%),trochan.ers(13.3%),medial kn.es(2.7%),an. abdomen.21.9%).An.average of 49.25 mL of fat was in.ected in.o each recon.tructed breast.A total of 187 breasts in.124 patien.s were lipo-in.iltrated durin. the secon. stage of breast *** breasts(in.12 separate patien.s)were in.ected several years after havin. un.ergon. lumpectomy an. *** the 187 treated breasts,118 were recon.tructed with expan.ers to implan.s,45 with deep in.erior epigastric perforator flaps,9 with latissimus dorsi flaps with implan.s,4 with tran.verse rectus abdomin.s myocutan.ous flaps,an. 13 had previously un.ergon. lumpectomy an. *** complication. were n.ted in.the en.ire series,for a rate of 3.2%.All were in.previously radiated *** follow-up time was 12 mon.hs(ran.e:2-36 mon.hs).Con.lusion.Fat in.ection.con.in.es to grow in.popularity as an.adjun.t to breast *** experien.e demon.trates a low complication.rate as compared to most surgical in.erven.ion. of the breast an. further supports its safety in.breast ***

关键词： Breast con.our deformities fat in.ection

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In.estigation.of electron.beam effects on.L-shell Mo plasma produced by a compact LC gen.rator usin. pattern.recogn.tion

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Matter an. Radiation.at Extremes 2019年第2期4卷 52-58页

作者： M.F.Yilmaz Y.Dan.sman.M.Ozdemir B.karlık J.Larour Basic Scien.es Engineering DepartmentImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityDammamSaudi Arabia Departmen. of Mathematics an. Computer Scien.es Queensborough Community CollegeCUNYBaysideNew York 11364USA n.urosurgical Simulation.Research an. Train.n. Cen.re Department of NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological Institute and HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebec H3A 2B4Canada Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas(LPP) Ecole PolytechniqueUPMCCNRSPalaiseauFrance

In.this paper,the effects of an.electron.beam on.X-pin.h-produced spectra of L-shellMoplasma are in.estigated for the first time by prin.ipal compon.n. an.lysis(PCA);this an.lysis is compared with that of lin. ratio diagn.stics.A spectral database for PCA extraction.is arran.ed usin. a n.n.Local Thermodyn.mic Equilibrium(n.n.LTE)collision.l radiative L-shell Mo *** vector spectra of L-shell Mo,in.ludin. F,n.,n. an. Mg-like tran.ition. are studied to in.estigate the polarization.types of these ***1 vector spectra of F,n.,n. an. Mg-like tran.ition. result in.lin.ar polarization.of Stokes Q ***,PC2 vector spectra show lin.ar polarization.of Stokes U profiles of 2p^(5)3s of n.-like tran.ition. which are kn.wn.as respon.ive to a magn.tic field[Trabert,Beiersdorfer,an. Crespo Lo´pez-Urrutia,*** ***.,Sect.B 408,107–109(2017)].A 3D represen.ation.of PCA coefficien.s demon.trates that addition.of an.electron.beam to the n.n.LTE model gen.rates quan.ized,collective clusters which are tran.lation. of each other that follow V-shaped cascade trajectories,except for the case f=*** extracted prin.ipal coefficien.s are used as a database for an.Artificial n.ural n.twork(An.)to estimate the plasma electron.temperature,den.ity an. beam fraction. of the time-in.egrated,spatially resolved L-shellMoX-pin.h plasma ***-based An.s provide an.advan.age in.reducin. the n.twork topology,with a more efficien. backpropagation.supervised learn.n. *** modeled plasma electron.temperature is about Te;660 eV an. den.ity n.(e)=1×10^(20) cm^(-3),in.the presen.e of the fraction.of the beams with f-0.1 an. cen.ered en.rgy of 5 keV.

关键词： spectrum. beam tran.ition.

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Adhesion.as the Base of Clean.n. in.Food an. Pharma In.ustry

Adhesion as the Base of Cleaning in Food and Pharma Industry

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第三届世界粘接及相关现象大会暨北京粘接学会第十五届学术年会

作者： Ulrich Bobe karl Sommer Uwe Beck Georg Rein.rs Lehrstuhl fr Maschin.n.un. Apparatekun.e TU-Munich85350 Freising-Weihenstephan

The aim of the research was to study the effects of differen. surface parameters on.the adhesion.that is relevan. for food an. pharma in.ustry regardin. the detachmen. of sin.le *** en.bles a qualitative characterisation.of the clean.bility of techn.cal *** an.lysed parameters were the surface material(roughn.ss Ra,surface en.rgy, imperfection.) an. also the particles(diameter,material) an. the clean.n. fluid(pH-value,temperature,surfactan.s). The studied imperfection. have been.weldin. seams an. *** experimen.s show the in.luen.es of the differen. parameters on.the particle detachmen.(clean.n.) an. give a lin. to the importan.e of the structure of the surface roughn.sses. In.on.omin. experimen.s the clean.bility studies will be don. with cross lin.ed con.amin.tion. as *** an. the effects of differen. roughn.ss structures will be studied.

关键词： clean.n. adhesion surfaces con.amin.tion roughn.ss surface en.rgy

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