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Contamination and Potential Risks of Heavy Metals in the Sediments of the Chari and Logon Rivers in N’Djamena, Chad

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2023年第2期13卷 29-45页

作者： Tchoroun Massang Digué Domga Tinda Noumi Guy Bertrand Madjitoloum Betoloum Salomon Dangwang jean-marie Dikdim Tarkodjiel Mianpereum Department of Chemistry Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences University of N’Djamena N’Djamena Chad Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The pollution of sediments by inorganic pollutants requires particularly important attention because of their toxicity, their persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulation by animal and plant life. The pollution of sediments by inorganic pollutants requires particularly important attention because of their toxicity, their persistence in the environment and their bioaccumulation by animal and plant living beings. This study focuses on the pollution of sediments of the Chari and Logon rivers in the city of N’Djamena by heavy metals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the degree of contamination, the geo-accumulation index and the degree of the Pollutant Loading Index of some heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Mn and Cd) and iron in the sediments of the sampled sites. The average concentrations of heavy metals and iron in the sediments are: Pb (10.00 ± 00 μg/Kg to 126 ± 16.52 μg/Kg);Cr VI (0.13 ± 00 mg/Kg to 0.21 ± 00 mg/Kg);Cd (trace);Cu (0.08 ± 0.02 mg/kg to 3.23 ± 0.64 mg/kg);Fe (0.25 ± 0.00 mg/kg to 5.79 ± 0.00 mg/kg);and Mn (0.2 ± 0.00 mg/Kg to 1.1 ± 0.00 mg/Kg);in order of highest to lowest abundance: Fe > Mn > Cd > Cu > Cr VI > Pb for the Logon;Fe > Cu > Mn > Cd > Cr VI > Pb for the Chari and Fe > Mn > Cu > Cd > Cr VI > Pb for the Confluent. The contamination factors for all heavy metals range from no contamination to low contamination for the sediments analyzed. The geo-accumulation indices indicate that the sampled sites are not polluted. The same is true for Er and RI which confirm an absence of ecological risks in the analyzed sediments.

关键词： Heavy Metals Contamination Factor Geo-Accumulation Index Ecological Risk Index Chari and Logone Rivers in Chad

Exclusive Fibula Osteosynthesis for Treating Open Fractures Gustillo I-III B of the Distal Half of the Leg Bones in a Resources-Limited Setting

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第3期13卷 108-121页

作者： Georges Kuyigwa Toha Paul Munguakonkwa Budema Ona Longombe Ahuka Akinja Bitum Uwonda jean marie Vianney Kabangu Tshimbila Department of Surgery Provincial General Reference Hospital of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine Université Catholique de Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine Université de Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Medicine Université de Mbuji Mayi Mbuji Mayi Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction: Management of open leg bones fractures is a challenging health issue for the surgeon, particularly true in resource-limited settings. In this study, we evaluate exclusive fibular osteosynthesis in the treatment of open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones as a therapeutic option in our context. Methods: This is a prospective, experimental, multicenter study of 30 open fractures of the distal half of the leg bones treated with exclusive fibula osteosynthesis, conducted in 3 hospitals in the DRC from January 1, 2013 to September 30, 2016. Results: The age range of 20 to 40 years grouped 22 (73.4%) patients, the sex ratio was 1:1 and the unemployed were the most involved with 16 (53.3%) cases. The Gustilo II, I, III B and III A types represented 40%, 33.3%, 20% and 6.7%, respectively. The fractures were located in the distal third in 12 (40%) cases, in the middle third in 11 (36.7%) cases, and in both malleoli in 7 cases (23.3%). Osteosynthesis of the fibula by screw plate was applied in 22 (73.3%) patients and pinning in 8 (26.7%). Satisfactory reduction of the tibial fracture site was achieved in 29 (96.7%) cases and 100% bone healing was achieved within an average of 10 weeks. Four (13.3%) loss of alignment, 1 (3.3%) infection, 1 (3.3%) skin necrosis and 2 (6.7%) ankle stiffness complicated our fractures. Conclusion: Exclusive osteosynthesis of the fibula as a common technique for fractures of the distal half of the leg bones allowed us to reduce, immobilize and consolidate the tibial fracture in the required time and to preserve the mobility of the ankle.

关键词： Fibular Exclusive Osteosynthesis Open Tibial Fractures Resources Limited Settings Tibial Fracture Consolidation

Slow Pyrolysis of Sugarcane Bagasse for the Production of Char and the Potential of Its By-Product for Wood Protection

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第1期9卷 97-117页

作者： Febrina Dellarose Boer Jérémy Valette jean-Michel Commandré Mériem Fournier marie-France Thévenon CIRAD UR BioWooEBTA B-114/1673 Rue Jean-François BretonF-34398 MontpellierCedex 5France BioWooEB Universitéde MontpellierCIRADMontpellierFrance AgroParisTech Centre de Nancy Nancy54000France Universitéde Lorraine AgroParisTechINRAUMR SilvaNancyF-54000France

Sugarcane bagasse was pyrolyzed using a laboratory fixed bed reactor to produce char and its by-product(pyrolysis liquid).The pyrolysis experiments were carried out using different temperatures(400℃ and 500℃),heating rate(1℃/min and 10℃/min),and holding time(30 min and 60 min).Char was characterized according to its thermal properties,while the pyrolysis liquid was tested for its anti-fungal and anti-termite *** temperature and heating rate had a significant influence on the char properties and the yield of char and pyrolysis liquid,where a high-quality char and high yield of pyrolysis liquid can be obtained at a temperature of 500℃ and a heating rate of 10℃/*** yield of char and pyrolysis liquid was 28.97%and 55.46%,*** principal compounds of pyrolysis liquid were water,acetic acid,glycolaldehyde,1-hydroxy-2-propanone,methanol,formic acid,levoglucosan,furfural,followed by some phenol compounds and guaiacol *** liquid at a concentration of 0.20%and 0.25%(v/v)caused a 100%inhibition of Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor,respectively,when performing inhibition growth tests in Petri *** paper treated with 10%of pyrolysis liquid caused 100%of termite mortality,while only 5.65%–7.03%of the treated filter papers consumed by termites at such *** liquid is potentially effective to be used in the formulation of wood protection against fungi and termites.

关键词： Anti-fungal anti-termite biomass char pyrolysis liquid slow pyrolysis sugarcane bagasse valorization

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One day in France

One day in France

Evaluation of left atrial remodelling following percutaneous left atrial appendage closure

作者： (1941-)Borzeix jean-marie McAuley Gay

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第8期14卷 496-500页

作者： Zakaria Jalal Xavier Iriart marie-Lou Dinet Olivier Comeloup Xavier Pillois Hubert Cochet jean-Benoit Thambo Department of Paediatric and Adult Congenital Cardiology Bordeaux University Hospital Pessac France Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute IHU Lirye Fondation Bordeaux UniversitO Pessac-Bordeaux France Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux INSERM Bordeaux France Department of Radiology Bordeaux University Hospital Pessac France

Atrial fibrillation prevalence is increasing with age, reaching up to 5% of patients older than 65 years, and is associated with 20%-30% of stroke episodes in that population.

关键词：评价重构患病率颤动

Synthesis of P,N-2,2'-biphenyl derivatives with central chirality

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第9期53卷 1907-1913页

作者： jean Ludovic POULIQUEN Michael BLANCHET Jérme LASNE marie-Claire ROUDEN Jacques Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique UMR 6507 CNRS-ENSICAEN & Université de Caen-Basse Normandie6 Boulevard du Maréchal Juin14050 CaenInstitut Normand de Chimie MoléculaireMédicinale et Macromoléculaire(INC3M)

Enantiopure 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-1,1'-biphenyl derivatives substituted in the 2'-position by a chiral amino group were *** the compound bearing an acyclic chiral chain,the key step was a Suzuki coupling between bromobenzeneboronic acid and N-Boc-iodoaniline whereas an aromatic nucleophilic substitution allowed the introduction of a chiral pyrrolidine in the 2'-position of the biphenyl *** efficiency of the P,N-biphenyl pyrrolidine derivatives as ligands in Pd-catalyzed arylaminations compares well with that of DavePhos ligand.

关键词： 3-aminopyrrolidines Suzuki coupling biphenyls chiral ligand arylamination

Fluoride Hydro-geochemistry Studies:A Case Study from Granitic Aquifer System of Maheshwaram,Hyderabad,India

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 11-12页

作者： Surendra Atal Hélène Pauwels jean-marie Gandolfi Shakeel Ahmed National Geophysical Research Institute(CSIR) BRGM 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin 45060 Orleans IFCGR National Geophysical Research Institute(CSIR)

The impact of population pressure has been observed on several systems,groundwater resource is one among *** and over-exploitation has not only caused the decline of groundwater levels but also causes deterioration in... 详细信息

关键词： fluorine hydro-geochemistry granites hard rock aquifer

Performance Improvement in Manufacturing Shop Floor Operations of Developing Countries Based on Three Characteristics of Information Flow

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2022年第3期10卷 46-65页

作者： Joseph Voufo André marie Mbakop Florent Biyeme Rolland Djomi Pélagie Flore Nanfack Temgoua jean Raymond Lucien Meva’a National Advanced School of Engineering of Yaoundé (NASEY) Yaoundé Cameroon Laboratory of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Yaoundé Cameroon Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation National Committee for Development of Technologies Yaoundé Cameroon

The management of information flow for production improvement has always been a target in the research. In this paper, the focus is on the analysis model of the characteristics of information flow in shop floor operations based on the influence that dimension (support or medium), direction and the quality information flow have on the value of information flow using machine learning classification algorithms. The obtained results of classification algorithms used to analyze the value of information flow are Decision Trees (DT) and Random Forest (RF) with a score of 0.99% and the mean absolute error of 0.005. The results also show that the management of information flow using DT or RF shows that, the dimension of information such as digital information has the greatest value of information flow in shop floor operations when the shop floor is totally digitalized. Direction of information flow does not have any great influence on shop floor operations processes when the operations processes are digitalized or done by operators as machines.

关键词： Developing Countries Information Flow Characteristics Machine Learning Shop Floor Operations Value of Information Flow

Salmonella enterica Flagellin Is Recognized via FLS2 and Activates PAMP-Triggered Immunity in Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2014年第4期7卷 657-674页

作者： Ana Victoria Garcia Amelie Charrier Adam Schikora jean Bigeard Stephanie Pateyron marie-Ludivine de Tauzia-Moreau Alexandre Evrard Axel Mithofer marie Laure Martin-Magniette Isabelle Virlogeux-Payant Heribert Hirt Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale (URGV) UMR INRA/CNRS/Universite d'Evry Val d'Essonne 91057 Evry France Institute for Plant Pathology and Applied Zoology Research Centre for BioSystems Land Use and Nutrition JL University Giessen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 35392 Giessen Germany Transcriptomic Platform Unite de Recherche en Genomique Vegetale (URGV) 91057 Evry France Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Hans-Knoll-Str. 8 07745 Jena Germany INRA UMR 518 MIA 75005 Paris France AgroParisTech UMR 518 MIA 75005 Paris France INRA UMR 1282 infectiologie et Sante Publique 37380 Nouzilly France

Infections with Salmonella enterica belong to the most prominent causes of food poisoning and infected fruits and vegetables represent important vectors for salmonellosis. Recent evidence indicates that plants recognize S. enterica and raise defense responses. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction of S. enterica with plants are still largely unclear. Here, we show that flagellin from S. enterica represents a prominent pathogenassociated molecular pattern （PAMP） in Arabidopsis thaliana, which induces PAMP-triggered immunity （PTI） via the recognition of the fig22 domain by the receptor kinase FLS2. The Arabidopsis fls2 mutant shows reduced though not abolished PTI activation, indicating that plants rely also on recognition of other S. enterica PAMPs. Interestingly, the S. enterica type III secretion system （T3SS） mutant prgH- induced stronger defense gene expression than wild-type bacteria in Arabidopsis, suggesting that T3SS effectors are involved in defense suppression. Furthermore, we observe that S. enterica strains show variation in the fig22 epitope, which results in proteins with reduced PTI-inducing activity. Altogether, these results show that S. enterica activates PTI in Arabidopsis and suggest that, in order to accomplish plant colonization, S. enterica evolved strategies to avoid or suppress PTI.

关键词： Salmonella enterica Arabidopsis thaliana flagellin FLS2 immunity.