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Hepatitis C in non-hepatic solid organ transplant candidatesand recipients:A new horizon

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1650-1663页

作者： Sara Belga karen elizabeth doucette Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2G3Canada

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is estimated to affect 130-150 million people globally which corresponds to2%-3% of the total world population. It remains the leading indication for liver transplant worldwide and has been demonstrated to negatively impact both patient and graft survival following non-hepatic organ transplantation. In the era of interferon-based therapy, although treatment and cure of HCV prior to nonhepatic transplant improved survival, tolerability and low cure rates substantially limited therapy. Interferon(IFN)-based therapy following non-hepatic solid organ transplant, due to the risk of allograft rejection, is generally contraindicated. Rapid advances in IFN-free therapy with direct acting antivirals(DAAs) in the last few years have completely changed the paradigm of hepatitis C therapy. Compared to IFN-based regimens, DAAs have less frequent and less severe adverse effects, shorter durations of therapy, and higher cure rates that are minimally impacted by historically negative predictors of response such as cirrhosis, ethnicity, and post-transplant state. Recent studies have shown that liver transplant(LT) recipients can be safely and effectively treated with DAA combination therapies; although data are limited, many of the principles of therapy in LT may be extrapolated to non-hepatic solid organ transplant recipients. Here we review the data on DAA combination therapies in transplantation, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pre- vs post-transplant HCV therapy and future directions.

关键词： Hepatitis C chronic kidney transplantation heart transplantation lung transplantation liver transplantation kidney failure chronic antiviral agents

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Outcomes and management of viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第2期20卷 414-424页

作者： Stephen E Congly karen E doucette Carla S Coffin Liver Unit Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 4Z6Canada Division of Infectious Diseases University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

Liver transplantation for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)positive patients with viral hepatitis co-infection is increasingly offered in many North American and European liver transplant *** studies have demonstrated acceptable post-transplant outcomes and no increased risk of HIV complications in patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus(HBV).However,liver transplantation in HIV positive patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)has poorer outcomes overall,requiring careful selection of *** review aims to summarize the published literature on outcomes after transplant in HIV patients with HBV or HCV related end-stage liver disease and recommendations for *** particular the pre-transplant factors impacting outcomes in HCV/HIV co-infected candidates and importance of multidisciplinary management will be discussed.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Human immunodeficiency virus co-infection Hepatitis C virus Co-infection Liver transplantation

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Exploring Loss and Damage at the International Climate Change Talks

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第3期5卷 242-246页

作者： karen elizabeth McNamara School of Geography Planning and Environmental ManagementThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

In recent years, there has been a growing need to address loss and damage as a result of climate change through international processes. At the most recent November 2013 international climate change talks in Warsaw, 194 countries negotiated the best way to establish institutional arrangements for loss and damage under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Such a decision to establish these arrangements was made in 2012 in Doha in a decision known as the‘‘Doha Gateway.’’ While the 19th(2013) Conference of the Parties succeeded in delivering the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage Associated with Climate Change Impacts, there was concern by some negotiators earlier into the conference that this would never transpire given the staunch disagreements between countries and lobbying blocks on a way forward. This article provides a brief historical overview of loss and damage at the climate change talks, and examines the key discourses defining this issue between 2011 and 2013 by analyzing submissions by lobbying blocks and member countries, and final negotiated texts. These discourses revolve around causality and solutions, compensation, and the relationship between loss and damage and adaptation.

关键词： Adaptation Climate change Loss and damage Mitigation United Nations

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Preoperative virtual video visits only:a convenient option that should be offered to caregivers beyond the pandemic

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2022年第3期5卷 169-175页

作者： Danielle Dougherty Allison R Thompson karen elizabeth Speck Erin E Perrone Section of Pediatric Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Michigan Health SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA Department of Health Behavior and Health Education University of Michigan School of Public HealthAnn ArborMIUSA

Objective During the COVID-19 pandemic,our group implemented preoperative video visits(VVs)to limit physical *** aim of this study was to determine caregivers’and providers’perceptions of this practice and to determine feasibility for *** All patients who had only a preoperative VV prior to an elective surgery were identified from March-October ***,surgeons,and clinic staff were surveyed about their *** Thirty-four preoperative VVs were followed by an elective surgery without a preceding in-person *** the 31 caregiver surveys completed,the majority strongly agreed that the VV was more convenient(87%,n=27).Eighty-one percent(n=25)strongly agreed or agreed that the VV saved them ***-four percent(n=29)strongly agreed or agreed that they would choose the VV option *** saved an average travel distance of 60.3 miles one way(range 6.1-480).Of the 13/17 providers who responded,77%(n=10)expressed that the practice should *** Virtual health became a necessity during the pandemic,and caregivers were overwhelmingly *** VVs as an option beyond the pandemic may be a reasonable and effective way to help eliminate some of the hurdles that impede healthcare-seeking behavior and should be offered.

关键词： convenient beyond eliminate

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G-Quadruplex(G4) Motifs in the Maize(Zea mays L.) Genome Are Enriched at Specific Locations in Thousands of Genes Coupled to Energy Status,Hypoxia,Low Sugar,and Nutrient Deprivation

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第12期41卷 627-647页

作者： Carson M.Andorf Mykhailo Kopylov Drena Dobbs karen E.Koch M.elizabeth Stroupe Carolyn J.Lawrence Hank W.Bass USDA-ARS Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit Iowa State University Department of Computer Science Iowa State University Institute of Molecular Biophysics Florida State University Department of Genetics Development and Cell BiologyIowa State University Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program Horticultural Sciences DepartmentGenetics InstituteUniversity of Florida Department of Biological Science Florida State University Department of Agronomy Iowa State University

The G-quadruplex （G4） elements comprise a class of nucleic acid structures formed by stacking of guanine base quartets in a quadruple helix. This （34 DNA can form within or across single-stranded DNA molecules and is mutually exclusive with duplex B-form DNA. The reversibility and structural diversity of G4s make them highly versatile genetic structures, as demonstrated by their roles in various functions including telomere metabolism, genome maintenance, immunoglobulin gene diversification, transcription, and translation. Sequence motifs capable of forming G4 DNA are typically located in telomere repeat DNA and other non-telomeric genomic loci. To investigate their potential roles in a large-genome model plant species, we computationaily identified 149,988 non-telomeric G4 motifs in maize （Zea mays L., B73 AGPv2）, 29% of which were in non-repetitive genomic regions. G4 motif hotspots exhibited non-random enrichment in genes at two locations on the antisense strand, one in the 5~ UTR and the other at the 5~ end of the first intron. Several genic G4 motifs were shown to adopt sequence-specific and potassium-dependent G4 DNA structures in vitro. The G4 motifs were prevalent in key regulatory genes associated with hypoxia （group VII ERFs）, oxidative stress （D J-1/GATasel）, and energy status （AMPK/ SnRK） pathways. They also showed statistical enrichment for genes in metabolic pathways that function in glycolysis, sugar degradation, inositol metabolism, and base excision repair. Collectively, the maize G4 motifs may represent conditional regulatory elements that can aid in energy status gene responses. Such a network of elements could provide a mechanistic basis for linking energy status signals to gene regulation in maize, a model genetic system and major world crop species for feed, food, and fuel.

关键词： Maize G-quadruplex G4 Hypoxia Sucrose synthase

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Nationwide retrospective study of hepatitis B virological response and liver stiffness improvement in 465 patients on nucleos(t)ide analogue

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第31期28卷 4390-4398页

作者： Alnoor Ramji karen doucette Curtis Cooper Gerald Yosel Minuk Mang Ma Alexander Wong David Wong Edward Tam Brian Conway David Truong Philip Wong Lisa Barrett Hin Hin Ko Sarah Haylock-Jacobs Nishi Patel Gilaad G Kaplan Scott Fung Carla S Coffin Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver v6t 1z3Canada Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton t6g 2r7Canada Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawa ON K1H 8L6Canada Department of Medicine University of ManitobaWinnipeg r3e 3j7Canada Department of Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon s7n 5e5Canada Department of Medicine University Health NetworkToronto m5g 2c4Canada Pacific Gastroenterology Associates Vancouver v6z 2k5Canada Vancouver Infectious Disease Centre Vancouver v6z 2c7Canada Department of Medicine McGill UniversityMontreal h3a 0g4Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology Dalhousie UniversityHalifax b3h 4r2Canada Cumming School of Medicine University of CalgaryCalgary t2n 1n4Canada

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)therapy reduces liver disease but requires prolonged therapy to achieve hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)*** is limited North American real-world data using non-invasive tools for fibrosis assessment and few have compared 1st generation NA or lamivudine(LAM)to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF).AIM To assess impact of NA on virological response and fibrosis regression using liver stiffness measurement(LSM)(i.e.,FibroScan®).METHODS Retrospective,observational cohort study from the Canadian HBV *** collected included demographics,NA,HBV DNA,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and *** were HBV monoinfected patients,treatment naïve,and received 1 NA with minimum 1 year *** In 465(median 49 years,37%female,35%hepatitis B e antigen+at baseline,84%Asian,6%White,and 9%Black).Percentage of 64(n=299)received TDF and 166 were LAM-treated with similar median duration of 3.9 and 3.7 years,*** mean baseline LSM was 11.2 kPa(TDF)vs 8.3 kPa(LAM)(P=0.003).At 5-year follow-up,the mean LSM was 7.0 kPa in TDF vs 6.7 kPa in LAM(P=0.83).There was a significant difference in fibrosis regression between groups(i.e.,mean-4.2 kPa change in TDF and-1.6 kPa in LAM,P<0.05).The last available data on treatment showed that all had normal ALT,but more TDF patients were virologically suppressed(<10 IU/mL)(n=170/190,89%)vs LAM-treated(n=35/58,60%)(P<0.05).None cleared *** In this real-world North American study,approximately 5 years of NA achieves liver fibrosis regression rarely leads to HBsAg loss.

关键词： Nucleos(t)ide analog therapy Functional cure Hepatitis B virus surface antigen loss Fibrosis regression Liver stiffness measurement Transient elastography

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Molecular Characterization of the Calvin Cycle Enzyme Phosphoribulokinase in the Stramenopile Alga Vaucheria litorea and the Plastid Hosting Mollusc Elysia chlorotica

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1384-1396页

作者： Mary E. Rumpho Sirisha Pochareddy Jared M. Worful elizabeth J. Summer Debashish Bhattacharya karen N. Pelletreau Mary S. Tyler Jungho Lee James R. Manhart Kara M. Soule Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Molecular Biology 5735 Hitchner Halt University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Green Plant Institute #2-202 Bio Valley Seoul National University 103-2 Seodun Gwonseon Suwon Gyeonggi 441-853 Korea Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

Phosphoribulokinase （PRK）, a nuclear-encoded plastid-localized enzyme unique to the photosynthetic carbon reduction （Calvin） cycle, was cloned and characterized from the stramenopile alga Vaucheria litorea. This alga is the source of plastids for the mollusc （sea slug） Elysia chlorotica which enable the animal to survive for months solely by photoautotrophic CO2 fixation. The 1633-bp V. litorea prk gene was cloned and the coding region, found to be interrupted by four introns, encodes a 405-amino acid protein. This protein contains the typical bipartite target sequence expected of nuclearencoded proteins that are directed to complex （i.e. four membrane-bound） algal plastids. De novo synthesis of PRK and enzyme activity were detected in E. chlorotica in spite of having been starved of V. litorea for several months. Unlike the algal enzyme, PRK in the sea slug did not exhibit redox regulation. Two copies of partial PRK-encoding genes were isolated from both sea slug and aposymbiotic sea slug egg DNA using PCR. Each copy contains the nucleotide region spanning exon 1 and part of exon 2 of V litorea prk, including the bipartite targeting peptide. However, the larger prk fragment also includes intron 1. The exon and intron sequences of prk in E. chlorotica and V/itorea are nearly identical. These data suggest that PRK is differentially regulated in V. litorea and E. chlorotica and at least a portion of the V. litorea nuclear PRK gene is present in sea slugs that have been starved for several months.

关键词： Alga Calvin cycle Elysia chlorotica kleptoplast mollusc phosphoribulokinase photosynthesis plastid redox regulation stramenopile symbiosis Vaucheria litorea.

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A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： Melissa L.Starkie elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander M.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko Matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick Mark K.Schutze Mark J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular marker or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular marker that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARMS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

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High levels of psychosocial distress among Australian frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross- sectional survey

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General Psychiatry 2021年第5期34卷 31-41,I0006-I0025页

作者： Natasha Smallwood Leila Karimi Marie Bismark Mark Putland Douglas Johnson Shyamali Chandrika Dharmage elizabeth Barson Nicola Atkin Claire Long Irene Ng Anne Holland Jane E Munro Irani Thevarajan Cara Moore Anthony McGillion Debra Sandford karen Willis Department of Respiratory Medicine Alfred HospitalPrahranVictoriaAustralia Department of Allergy Immunology and Respiratory MedicineCentral Clinical SchoolAlfred HospitalMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia School of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia School of Medicine and Healthcare Management Caucasus UniversityTbilisiGeorgia Department of Psychiatry The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Public Health Law Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Emergency Services The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Critical Care Faculty of MedicineDentistry and Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Departments of General Medicine and Infectious Diseases The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine The Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Allergy and Lung Health Unit School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Allied Health The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Parkville Integrated Palliative Care Service The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Geriatric Medicine Western HealthFootscrayVictoriaAustralia Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management The Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Centre for Integrated Critical Care Melbourne Medical SchoolThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Physiotherapy Alfred HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Rheumatology Unit Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Arthritis and Rheumatology Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Infectious Diseases T

Background The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has had a profound and prolonged impact on healthcare services and healthcare *** The Australian COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers Study aimed to investigate the severity and prevalence of mental health issues,as well as the social,workplace and financial disruptions experienced by Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 *** A nationwide,voluntary,anonymous,single timepoint,online survey was conducted between 27 August and 23 October *** self-identifying as frontline healthcare workers in secondary or primary care were invited to *** were recruited through health organisations,professional associations or colleges,universities,government contacts and national ***,home and work situation,health and psychological well-being data were *** A total of 9518 survey responses were received;of the 9518 participants,7846(82.4%)participants reported complete *** regard to age,4110(52.4%)participants were younger than 40 years;6344(80.9%)participants were *** were nurses(n=3088,39.4%),doctors(n=2436,31.1%),allied health staff(n=1314,16.7%)or in other roles(n=523,6.7%).In addition,1250(15.9%)participants worked in primary *** measured mental health symptoms were common:mild to severe anxiety(n=4694,59.8%),moderate to severe burnout(n=5458,70.9%)and mild to severe depression(n=4495,57.3%).Participants were highly resilient(mean(SD)=3.2(0.66)).Predictors for worse outcomes on all scales included female gender;younger age;pre-existing psychiatric condition;experiencing relationship problems;nursing,allied health or other roles;frontline area;being worried about being blamed by colleagues and working with patients with *** The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with significant mental health symptoms in frontline healthcare *** preparedness together with policies and pra

关键词： distress nurse workers

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寻找被遗忘的美国失业者

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商业周刊（中文版） 2012年第5期 19-20页

作者： Vivien Lou Chen elizabeth Dwoskin karen Weise

约660万美国人处于长期失业或已放弃找工作的希望如果问“你失业多长时间了？”答案可能是三年。

关键词：失业者美国人遗忘

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