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m.lecular Characterization of the Calvin Cycle Enzym. Phosphoribulokinase in the Stram.nopile Alga Vaucheria litorea and the Plastid Hosting m.llusc Elysia chlorotica

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m.lecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1384-1396页

作者： m.ry E. Rum.ho Sirisha Pochareddy Jared m. Worful Elizabeth J. Sum.er Debashish Bhattacharya Karen N. Pelletreau m.ry S. Tyler Jungho Lee Jam.s R. m.nhart kara m. soule Departm.nt of Biochem.stry Microbiology and Molecular Biology 5735 Hitchner Halt University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Departm.nt of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Departm.nt of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Green Plant Institute #2-202 Bio Valley Seoul National University 103-2 Seodun Gwonseon Suwon Gyeonggi 441-853 Korea Departm.nt of Biochem.stry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

Phosphoribulokinase （PRK）, a nuclear-encoded plastid-localized enzym. unique to the photosynthetic carbon reduction （Calvin） cycle, was cloned and characterized from.the stram.nopile alga Vaucheria litorea. This alga is the source of plastids for the m.llusc （sea slug） Elysia chlorotica which enable the anim.l to survive for m.nths solely by photoautotrophic CO2 fixation. The 1633-bp V. litorea prk gene was cloned and the coding region, found to be interrupted by four introns, encodes a 405-am.no acid protein. This protein contains the typical bipartite target sequence expected of nuclearencoded proteins that are directed to com.lex （i.e. four m.m.rane-bound） algal plastids. De novo synthesis of PRK and enzym. activity were detected in E. chlorotica in spite of having been starved of V. litorea for several m.nths. Unlike the algal enzym., PRK in the sea slug did not exhibit redox regulation. Two copies of partial PRK-encoding genes were isolated from.both sea slug and aposym.iotic sea slug egg DNA using PCR. Each copy contains the nucleotide region spanning exon 1 and part of exon 2 of V litorea prk, including the bipartite targeting peptide. However, the larger prk fragm.nt also includes intron 1. The exon and intron sequences of prk in E. chlorotica and V/itorea are nearly identical. These data suggest that PRK is differentially regulated in V. litorea and E. chlorotica and at least a portion of the V. litorea nuclear PRK gene is present in sea slugs that have been starved for several m.nths.

关键词： Alga Calvin cycle Elysia chlorotica kleptoplast m.llusc phosphoribulokinase photosynthesis plastid redox regulation stram.nopile sym.iosis Vaucheria litorea.

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Near Optim.l Approxim.tions and Finite m.m.ry Policies for POm.Ds with Continuous Spaces Dedicated to Professor Peter E. Caines, on the occasion of his 80th birthday

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Journal of System. Science & Com.lexity 2025年第01期 238-270页

作者： kara Ali Devran BAYRAKTAR Erhan YüKSEL Serdar Departm.nt of m.them.tics Florida State University Departm.nt of m.them.tics University of Michigan Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics Queen's University

The authors study an approxim.tion m.thod for partially observed m.rkov decision processes(POm.Ps) with continuous spaces. Belief m.P reduction, which has been the standard approach to study POm.Ps requires rigorous approxim.tion m.thods for practical applications, due to the state space being lifted to the space of probability m.asures. Generalizing recent work, in this paper the authors present rigorous approxim.tion m.thods via discretizing the observation space and constructing a fully observed finite m.P m.del using a finite length history of the discrete observations and control actions. The authors show that the resulting policy is near-optim.l under som. regularity assum.tions on the channel, and under certain controlled filter stability requirem.nts for the hidden state process. The authors also provide a Q learning algorithm.that uses a finite m.m.ry of discretized inform.tion variables, and prove its convergence to the optim.lity equation of the finite fully observed m.P constructed using the approxim.tion m.thod.

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The evolution of aposem.tism.is accom.anied by increased diversification

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第3期3卷 149-156页

作者： kara PRZECZEK Carla m.ELLER Steven m.VAm.SI Departm.nt of Biological Sciences University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

Although the use of distinct colors to indicate unprofitability to predators(***)is com.only thought of as an adaptation,our knowledge of its m.croevolutionary effects is *** aposem.tism.is expected to decrease attacks by predators,we hypothesized that aposem.tic lineages should be larger on average than their non-aposem.tic sister groups because of the decreased probability of extinction and/or increased probability of speciation(*** diversification).The results of our sister-group analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of aposem.tism.is accom.anied by increased diversification of lineages,with the aposem.tic focal group having m.re species in 11 of 14 pairs of sister *** the apparent advantages of reduced predation risk on diversification rates,the evolution of aposem.tism.is relatively rare and reversions to a cryptic state are not *** addition to the difficulties in evolving a trait that initially decreases the survivorship of prey am.ng naïve predators,we discuss other factors that m.y lim.t the apparent prevalence and success of *** is hoped that the results of our analysis will encourage further analyses of the phylogenetic relationships am.ng aposem.tic groups and their relatives,and of the evolutionary tim. scales over which the benefits of aposem.tism.are the greatest to lineages with this condition.

关键词： aposem.tism diversification predation sister-group com.arisons speciation.

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ON THE m.(th) ORDER DIFFERENCE SEQUENCE SPACE OF GENERALIZED WEIGHTED m.AN AND COm.ACT OPERATORS

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Acta m.them.tica Scientia 2013年第3期33卷 797-813页

作者： m.tin BASARIR Em.ah Evren kara Departm.nt of m.them.tics Sakarya University Departm.nt of m.them.tics Bilecik Seyh Edebali University

In this article, using generalized weighted m.an and difference m.trix of order m. we introduce the paranorm.d sequence space l（u, v, p; △（m.）, which consist of the sequences whose generalized weighted △（m.-difference m.ans are in the linear space l（p） defined by ***. Also, we determ.ne the basis of this space and com.ute its α-, β- and γ-duals. Further, we give the characterization of the classes of m.trix m.ppings from.l（u, v, p, △（m.） to l∞, c, and co. Finally, we apply the Hausdorff m.asure of noncom.acness to characterize som. classes of com.act operators given by m.trices on the space lp（U, v, △（m.）（1 ≤ p 〈 ∞）.

关键词： Paranorm.d sequence spaces difference sequence spaces weighted m.an α-,β, γ-duals, m.trix m.ppings Hausdorff m.asure of noncom.actness com.actoperators

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Prediction of the undrained shear strength of rem.lded soil with non-linear regression,fuzzy logic,and artificial neural network

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Journal of m.untain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3108-3122页

作者： YÜNKÜL Kaan karaÇOR Fatih GÜRBÜZ Ayhan BUDAK TahsinÖm.r Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureTokat Gaziosmanpaşa UniversityTokat 60100Türkiye Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureKafkas UniversityKars 36000Türkiye Departm.nt of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGazi UniversityAnkara 06570Türkiye m.nistry of Youth and Sports Ankara 06090Türkiye

This study aim. to predict the undrained shear strength of rem.lded soil sam.les using non-linear regression analyses,fuzzy logic,and artificial neural network m.deling.A total of 1306 undrained shear strength results from.230 different rem.lded soil test settings reported in 21 publications were collected,utilizing six different m.asurem.nt *** water content,plastic lim.t,and liquid lim.t were used as input param.ters for fuzzy logic and artificial neural network m.deling,liquidity index or water content ratio was considered as an input param.ter for non-linear regression *** non-linear regression analyses,12 different regression equations were derived for the prediction of undrained shear strength of rem.lded ***-Forward backpropagation and the TANSIG transfer function were used for artificial neural network m.deling,while the m.m.ani inference system.was preferred with trapezoidal and triangular m.m.ership functions for fuzzy logic *** experim.ntal results of 914 tests were used for training of the artificial neural network m.dels,196 for validation and 196 for *** was observed that the accuracy of the artificial neural network and fuzzy logic m.deling was higher than that of the non-linear regression ***,a sim.le and reliable regression equation was proposed for assessm.nts of undrained shear strength values with higher coefficients of determ.nation.

关键词： Undrained shear strength Liquidity index Water content ratio Non-linear regression Artificial neural networks Fuzzy logic

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Em.ssions and noise m.tigation through use of electric m.torcycles

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Transportation Safety and Environm.nt 2019年第2期1卷 164-175页

作者： m.chael Hernandez kara m.Kockelm.n Jam.s O.Lentz Jooyong Lee Departm.nt of Civil Architecturaland Environmental EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin301 E Dean KeetonECJSuite 6.9AustinTX 78712-1076USA

Gasoline-powered m.torcycles contribute disproportionately to traffic noise and em.ssions,so m.torcycle electrification m.rits *** advances in battery efficiency allow electric m.torcycles(Em.s)to join electric cars and bicycles as a viable consum.r *** study quantifies noise and em.ssions using both sim.lations and experim.ntal data,exam.nes the factors that m.ke m.torcycles big offender and uses popular Em. m.kes and m.dels to estim.te the costs and benefits of electrification in the *** produce m.re CO,CH4,NOx,HC and particulate m.tter per vehicle-m.le travelled than passenger *** to lim.ted regulation of m.torcycles and weak enforcem.nt,the perceived noise level of m.torcycles exceeds that of m.st other vehicles,being roughly double those of autom.biles at speeds of over 30 m.h and surpassing even those of m.dium.trucks and buses at speeds of over 50 m.h,at which point m.torcycles exceeds the 80 dBA US standard *** can resolve such issues,although range lim.tations and high prices are presently a barrier to widespread *** order to realize these environm.ntal benefits,it is im.ortant that electrification occurs with a corresponding shift away from.coal as an energy *** em.ssion regulations and stronger enforcem.nt of existing prohibitions on certain form. of custom.zation could also reduce the outlier status of gasoline-powered m.torcycles.

关键词： m.torcycles electric m.torcycles m.torcycle em.ssions m.torcycle sound em.ssions electrification

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The effect of the CHAm. intervention on fundam.ntal m.tor skills and outdoor physical activity in preschoolers

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 98-105页

作者： kara K.Palm.r Katherine m.Chinn Leah E.Robinson Child m.vem.nt Activity and Developmental Heanlth Laboratory University of Michigan Center for Hum.n Growth and Developm.nt University of Michigan

Purpose: Physical activity(PA) and fundam.ntal m.tor skills are im.ortant com.onents of current and future trajectories of health in young children. This study exam.ned the effects of a 5-week m.tor skill intervention on preschoolers' m.tor skill com.etence and their PA behaviors while participating in the m.tor skill intervention or outdoor free play(recess).m.thods: A total of 102 preschoolers served as participants and were part of a m.tor skill intervention group(n = 64) or a control/outdoor free play group(n = 38). Children's m.tor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross m.tor Developm.nt-3 rd edition. PA during the m.tor skill intervention and outdoor free play was assessed using accelerom.ters both im.ediately before the start(baseline, Week 0 or Week 1) and end(late, Week 5 or Week 6) of the ***: All children significantly im.roved their m.tor skills from.baseline to late assessm.nt(p m.tor skill intervention dem.nstrated greater rates of change(p m.tor skills at the late assessm.nt com.ared with the control group(p m.larly, there was no effect of group on PA during days with the m.vem.nt program.intervention vs. outdoor free play) at either tim. point, but boys were m.re active than girls at the late assessm.nt(p m.re PA while participating in the intervention toward the end of the intervention than at the ***: The 5-week m.tor skill intervention was effective at im.roving preschoolers' m.tor skills and rates of change in m.tor skills were higher for children who com.leted the intervention com.ared with children in the control group. Preschoolers in the intervention did dem.nstrate PA changes while par

关键词： Gross m.tor skills Intervention m.tor developm.nt: Pediatrics Physical activity

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Inhibition of GABAA-ρreceptors induces retina regeneration in zebrafish

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 367-374页

作者： m.tthew R.Kent Nergis kara Jam.s G.Patton Departm.nt of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

A potential treatm.nt for retinal diseases is to induce an endogenous m.ller glia(m.)-derived regenerative response to replace dam.ged *** contrast to m.m.alian m.,zebrafish m. are capable of m.diating spontaneous *** seek to define the m.chanism. that enable retina regeneration in zebrafish in order to identify therapeutic targets to induce m.m.alian retina *** previously used pharm.cological and genetic m.thods to inhibit gam.a am.nobutyric acid A(GABAA)receptors in undam.ged zebrafish retinas and showed that such inhibition could induce initiation of retina regeneration,as m.asured by the dedifferentiation of m. and the appearance of m.-derived proliferating progenitor ***,we show that inhibition of a pharm.cologically distinct subset of GABAA receptors(GABAA-ρ)can also induce retina *** inhibition of both GABA receptor subtypes led to enhanced retina *** expression analyses indicate that inhibition of GABAA-ρreceptors induces a canonical retinal regenerative *** results support a m.del in which decreased levels of GABA,such as would occur after retinal cell death or dam.ge,induce dedifferentiation of m. and the generation of proliferating progenitor cells during zebrafish retina *** experim.nts were approved by the Vanderbilt's Institutional Anim.l Care and Use Com.ittee(Protocol m.800200)on January 29,2019.

关键词： gam.a am.nobutyric acid m.rpholino m.ller glia neurotransm.tter regeneration retina stem.cells zebrafish

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Resolution of acute gastroenteritis sym.tom. in children and adults treated with a novel polyphenol-based prebiotic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12301-12307页

作者： Telm. Noguera Robert Wotring Chris R m.lville kara Hargraves Jochen Kum. John m.m.rton Instituto Centroam.ricano de Investigación Clínica Managua 050-008-4Nicaragua Greenteaspoon Inc StanfordCA 94305United States Departm.nt of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Bariatric and m.nim.lly Invasive Surgery Stanford School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States

AIm. To test efficacy and durability of a polyphenol-based prebiotic treatm.nt for acute gastroenteritis in a 300 patient double-blinded clinical study.

关键词： Prebiotic Gastroenteritis Diarrhea Rotavirus Infant m.rtality Dehydration Heartburn Polyphenol Aliva Greenteaspoon

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Hospital readm.ssions in decom.ensated cirrhotics: Factors pointing toward a prevention strategy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第37期23卷 6868-6876页

作者： Siam.k m.Seraj Em.ly J Cam.bell Sarah K Argyropoulos kara Wegerm.nn Raym.nd T Chung Jam.s m.Richter m.ssachusetts General Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Hospital Department of Medicine Harvard m.dical School

AIm.To reduce readm.ssions and im.rove patient outcom.s in cirrhotic patients through better understanding of readm.ssion *** We perform.d a single-center retrospective study of patients adm.tted with decom.ensated cirrhosis from.January 1, 2011 to Decem.er 31, 2013(n = 222). Prim.ry outcom.s were tim. to first readm.ssion and 30-d readm.ssion rate due to com.lications of cirrhosis. Clinical and dem.graphic data were collected to help describe predictors of readm.ssion, along with care coordination m.asures such as post-discharge status and outpatient follow-up. Univariate and m.ltivariateanalyses were perform.d to describe variables associated with *** One hundred thirty-two patients(59.4%) were readm.tted at least once during the study period. m.dian tim. to first and second readm.ssions were 54 and 93 d, respectively. Thirty and 90-d readm.ssion rates were 20.7 and 30.1 percent, respectively. Predictors of 30-d readm.ssion included education level, hepatic encephalopathy at index, ALT m.re than upper norm.l lim.t and m.dicare coverage. There were no statistically significant differences in readm.ssion rates when stratified by discharge disposition, outpatient follow-up provider or tim. to first outpatient *** Readm.ssions are challenging aspect of care for cirrhotic patients and risk continues beyond 30 d. m.re initiatives are needed to develop enhanced, longitudinal post-discharge system..

关键词： Chronic disease Re-hospitalizations Liver disease Readm.ssions Cirrhosis Chronic care

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