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Spatial variability of soil hydraulic and physical properties in erosive sloping agricultural fields

Water Science and Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 57-66页

作者： Deepak Singh Alok Kumar mishra Sridhar Patra Sankar.mariappan Nisha Singh Saswat Kumar kar ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Dehradun 248195India Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and SciencesPrayagraj 211007India Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)246174India

It is essential to minimize soil quality degradation in sloping agricultural fields through stabilization and improvement of soil hydraulic properties using sustainable soil *** study aimed to analyze the impact of different tillage practices,including conventional tillage(CT),minimum tillage(mT),and zero tillage(ZT),on soil hydraulic conductivity in a sloping agricultural field under maizeewheat *** results showed that the highest runoff volume(257.40 m3),runoff coefficient(42.84%),and soil loss(11.3 t)were observed when the CT treatment was *** contrast,the lowest runoff volume(67.95 m3),runoff coefficient(11.35%),and soil loss(1.05 t)were observed when the ZT treatment was *** soil organic carbon and aggregate mean weight diameter were found to be significantly greater(with mean values of 0.79%and 1.19 mm,respectively)with the ZT treatment than with the CT *** the tilled treatments(CT and mT),substantial changes in the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity(ks),near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity(k),and water-conducting porosity(ε)were observed between two crop *** three soil parameters were significantly higher in the period after maize harvesting than in the wheat growing *** contrast,no significant difference in these soil parameters was found when the untilled treatment(ZT)was carried *** regard to the slope positions,ks,k,andεshowed different behaviors under different *** toe slope position showed significantly lower ks andεvalues than the summit and middle slope *** the evaluated tillage practices,ZT was found to be the most promising means to improve the soil hydro-physical properties and effectively reduce surface runoff and soil erosion.

关键词： Hydraulic conductivity macropore Conservation tillage Spatiotemporal variability Soil erosion

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Effects of undigested protein-rich ingredients on polarised small intestinal organoid monolayers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第4期11卷 1026-1032页

作者： Soumya K.kar Bart van der Hee Linda m.P.Loonen Nico Taverne Johanna J.Taverne-Thiele Dirkjan Schokker mari A.Smits Alfons J.m.Jansman Jerry m.Wells Host microbe Interactomics Group Wageningen University&ResearchDe Elst 16708 WD WageningenThe Netherlands Laboratory of microbiology Wageningen University&ResearchStippeneng 46708 WE WageningenThe Netherlands Wageningen Livestock Research Wageningen University&ResearchDe Elst 16708 WD WageningenThe Netherlands

Here, we describe the use of monolayers of intestinal epithelial cells derived from intestinal organoids and transcriptomics to investigate the direct effects of dietary protein sources on epithelial function. mechanically dissociated 3 D organoids of mouse duodenum were used to generate a polarized epithelium containing all cell types found in the tissue of origin. The organoid-derived cell monolayers were exposed to 4%(w/v) of ‘undigested(non-hydrolysed)-soluble' fraction of protein sources used as feed ingredients [soybean meal(SBm) and casein], or alternative protein sources(spray dried plasma protein, and yellow meal worm), or controls for 6 h prior to RNA isolation and transcriptomics. All protein sources altered expression of unique biological processes in the epithelial cells. Exposure of intestinal organoids to SBm downregulated expression of retinol and retinoid metabolic processes as well as cholesterol and lipid biosynthetic pathways, consistent with the reported hypotriglyceridaemic effect of soy protein in vivo. These findings support the use of intestinal organoids as models to evaluate complex interactions between dietary ingredients and the intestinal epithelium and highlights some unique host effects of alternative protein sources in animal feed and potentially human food.

关键词： Alternative protein sources Casein Intestinal organoids Organoids Soybean meal Spray dried plasma protein Transcriptomics Yellow meal worm

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Analysis of a fuzzy epidemic model with saturated treatment and disease transmission

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第1期11卷 23-40页

作者： Swapan Kumar Nandi Soovoojeet Jana manotosh manadal T. K. kar Department of mathematicsNayabasat P. m. Sikshaniketan Paschim Medinipur 721253 West Bengal India Department of mathematics Ramsaday College Amta 711501 West Bengal India Department of mathematics Tamralipta mahavidyalayaTamluk 721636 West Bengal India Department of mathematicsIndian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Shibpur Howrah 711103 West Bengal India

In this paper, we describe an SIS epidemic model where both the disease transmission rate and treatment function are considered in saturated forms. The dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed. The system is customized by considering the disease trans- mission rate and treatment control as fuzzy numbers and then fuzzy expected value of the infected individuals is determined. The fuzzy basic reproduction number is investi- gated and a threshold condition of pathogen is derived at which the system undergoes a backward bifurcation.

关键词： SIS epidemic model fuzzy expected value fuzzy basic reproduction number backward bifurcation.

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Suicide in Nigeria:observations from the content analysis of newspapers

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General Psychiatry 2021年第1期34卷 30-36页

作者： Tosin Philip Oyetunji S m Yasir Arafat Stephen Oluwaseyi Famori Timilehin Blessing Akinboyewa michael Afolami moyo Faith Ajayi Sujita Kumar kar Department of Human Nutrition Faculty of Public HealthCollege of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanOyoNigeria Department of Psychiatry Enam Medical College and HospitalSavarBangladesh Department of Geology University of IbadanIbadanOyoNigeria Department of Psychology Adekunle Ajasin UniversityAkungba-AkokoOndoNigeria Department of International Relations Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeOsunNigeria Department of Psychiatry King George's Medical UniversityLucknowU.PIndia

Background Suicide is a global public health problem and Nigeria is one of the epicentres of suicide in the ***,there is a dearth of research exploring the epidemiological aspects of suicide in *** To examine the demographic information and precipitating events for suicides in Nigeria by analysing the contents of newspaper reports of *** We searched,collected,and analysed published news reports about suicide from 10 English newspapers in Nigeria.A total of 350 suicide reports were assessed between January 2010 and December 2019 after screening and *** The mean(SD)age of the reported cases was 36.33(15.48)*** of the reported cases were male(80.6%),married(51.8%),students(33.6%),living in a semi-urban area(40.3%)and among the age group of 25-34(25.3%).Hanging(48.6%)and poisoning(32.2%)were the most commonly reported methods of *** constraints and marital conflicts were most commonly assumed precipitating *** This study suggests that being male,married,or living in semi-urban areas are associated with suicide in *** community-based studies are warranted to generalise the findings and adopt appropriate preventive strategies.

关键词： newspaper finding content

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Analysis of curcumin interaction with human serum albumin using spectroscopic studies with molecular simulation

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Frontiers in Biology 2017年第3期12卷 199-209页

作者： Turban kar Pijush Basak Srikanta Sen Rittik Kumar Ghosh maitree Bhattacharyya Department of Biochemistry University of Calcutta 35 Ballygunge Circular Road Kolkata-700019 West Bengal India Jagadis Bose National Science Talent Search Kolkata-700107 India 229A/230 Mira Tower Lake Town Block-A Kolkata-700089 India

BACKGROUND： Curcumin has emerged to be utilized as a superb beneficial agent, due to its naturally occurring anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic property. mETHODS： The interaction of curcumin with human serum albumin, the main in vivo transporter of exogenous substances, was investigated using absorption spectroscopy, steady-state fluorescence, excited state life-time studies and circular dichroism ***：Isothermal titration calorimetry techniques inferred one class of binding site with binding constant -1.74 × 10^5 m ^-1 revealing a strong interaction. The binding profile was analyzed through the evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters, which indicated the involvement of hydrophobic interactions （burial of non-polar group）. Fluorescence lifetime of tryptophan residue was observed to decrease to 1.94 ns from 2.84 ns in presence of Curcumin. Percentage of ct helicity of human serum albumin was also reduced significantly upon binding with curcumin as evidenced by circular dichroism measurement leading to conformational modification of the protein molecule. CONCLUSIONS： On the basis of such complementary results, it may be concluded that curcumin shows strong binding affinity for human serum albumin, probably at the hydrophobic cavities of the protein and at or around the tryptophan residue. molecular Docking analysis of liSA and curcumin provided light on the number of binding sites at an atomic level, which were already determined at a molecular level in spectroscopic measurements. Our study unfolds the modes of interaction of curcumin with human serum albumin in the light of different biophysical techniques and molecular modeling analysis.

关键词： curcumin human serum albumin fluorescence quenching conformational change thermodynamic parameters

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Enhanced CH4 yield by photocatalytic CO2 reduction using TiO2 nanotube arrays grafted with Au, Ru, and ZnPd nanoparticles

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Nano Research 2016年第11期9卷 3478-3493页

作者： Piyush kar Samira Farsinezhad Najia mahdi Yun Zhang Uchenna Obuekwe Himani Sharma Jing Shen Natalia Semagina karthik Shankar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta 9107-116 Street Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4 Canada Department of Chemical & materials Engineering University of Alberta 9107-116 Street Edmonton Alberta T66 2V4 Canada NRC National Institute for Nanotechnology 11421 Saskatchewan Dr. NW Edmonton Alberta T6G 2M9 Canada

metal nanoparticle （NP） co-catalysts on metal oxide semiconductor supports are attracting attention as photocatalysts for a variety of chemical reactions. Related efforts seek to make and use Pt-free catalysts. In this regard, we report here enhanced CH4 formation rates of 25 and 60 μmol·g^-1·h^-1 by photocatalytic CO2 reduction using hitherto unused ZnPd NPs as well as Au and Ru NPs. The NPs are formed by colloidal synthesis and grafted onto short n-type anatase TiO2 nanotube arrays （TNAs）, grown anodically on transparent glass substrates. The interfacial electric fields in the NP-grafted TiO2 nanotubes were probed by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy （UPS）. Au NP-grafted TiO2 nanotubes （Au-TNAs） showed no band bending, but a depletion region was detected in Ru NP-grafted TNAs （Ru-TNAs） and an accumulation layer was observed in ZnPd NP-grafted TNAs （ZnPd-TNAs）. Temperature programmed desorption （TPD） experiments showed significantly greater CO2 adsorption on NP-grafted TNAs. TNAs with grafted NPs exhibit broader and more intense UV-visible absorption bands than bare TNAs. We found that CO2 photoreduction by nanoparticle-grafted TNAs was driven not only by ultraviolet photons with energies greater than the TiO2 band gap, but also by blue photons close to and below the anatase band edge. The enhanced rate of CO2 reduction is attributed to superior use of blue photons in the solar spectrum, excellent reactant adsorption, efficient charge transfer to adsorbates, and low recombination losses.

关键词： metal nanoparticles (NPs) TiO2 nanotube arrays(TNAs) colloidal synthesis band bending built-in potential photocatalytic CO2reduction semiconductorheterojunctions

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Curcuma angustifolia ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in HepG2 cells and Swiss albino rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2019年第9期12卷 416-424页

作者： Sudipta Jena Asit Ray Diptirani Rath Ambika Sahoo Subhashree Singh Noohi Nasim Durga madhab kar Sanghamitra Nayak Centre.for Botehology Sisha O Anusandhaon(Demed to be UniesiryKalinga NagorGhatiliaBaubeur-750030 OdishaIndia Depurtment of Phuamoacology School of Pharmoceutical SciencesSissha O"Anusondhan(Demed to be Uniersityh Kalinga NagorGhaikiaBhubonesuoar-751003.Odisha India

Objective:To determine the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of methanol extract of rhizome of Curcuma angustifolia(mECA)against carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)-induced hepatic damage in vitro and in ***:DPPH,ABTS and reducing power assays were performed to estimate the antioxidant effect of *** vitro cytotoxicity of mECA against HepG2 cells was evaluated,whereas serum biochemical parameters and levels of antioxidative enzymes were measured in vivo and in ***,histopathological studies were estimated in order to investigate the hepatoprotective efficacy of ***,GC-mS analysis of the extract was performed to identify the chemical ***:mECA exhibited strong antioxidant activity and attenuated CCl4-induced decrease in the viability of HepG2 ***,mECA significantly restored the ALT,AST,ALP,TP and albumin level in comparison with the CCl4 *** pre-treatment with mECA,effects of SOD,CAT and GSH were increased as well as lipid peroxidation amount decreased on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo ***,histopathological observation confirmed that mECA reduced liver injury induced by CCl4 in ***-mS analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive constituents such as α-tocopherol(12.27%),phytol(7.61%),squalene(3.71%),β-sitosterol(2.19%),eugenol(2.59%),curcumenol(1.20%),β-elemene(1.00%)and eucalyptol(0.89%).Conclusions:mECA contains antioxidant and hepatoprotective constituents such asα-tocopherol,phytol,squalene and eugenol and exerts hepatoprotective effect both in vitro and in vivo.

关键词： Curcuma angustifolia Hepatoprotective activity Carbon tetrachloride Antioxidant activity HepG2 cells

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Effect of Frey's procedure on islet cell function in patients with chronic calcific pancreatitis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第4期17卷 358-362页

作者： Ritesh Kumar Jaya Prakash Sahoo Biju Pottakat Sadishkumar Kamalanathan Pazhanivel mohan Vikram Kate Sitanshu Sekhar kar Jayakumar Selviambigapathya Department of Endocrinology metabolism Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)Pondicherry 605006India Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)Pondicherry 605006India Department of medical Gastroenterology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)Pondicherry 605006India Department of Surgery Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)Pondicherry 605006India Department of Preventive and Social medicine Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)Pondicherry 605006India

Background: Frey’s procedure involves both drainage and resection of the pancreas in subjects with chronic calcific pancreatitis(CCP). The procedure may affect the pancreatic endocrine function after surgery. The present study was to evaluate the effect of Frey’s procedure on both beta and alpha cell function in CCP ***: Thirty CCP patients who underwent Frey’s procedure were included. According to the glycemic status, patients were divided into the diabetes mellitus(Dm), prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance(NGT) groups. Islet cell function was assessed before and 3 months after ***: At baseline, there was a significant difference in beta cell function among the three groups [NGT group 1.71(1.64–2.07) vs prediabetes group1.50(0.83–1.61) vs Dm group 0.33(0.12–0.55), P mong them. Post glucose hyperglucagonemia representing alphacell dysfunction during oral glucose tolerance test was present in all of them, but showed no significant difference [NGT group 0.15(0.06–0.31) vs prediabetes group 0.32(0.05–0.70) vs Dm group 0.07(0.02–0.18), P = 0.20]. Frey’s procedure did not change beta cell function and insulin resistance. However, alphacell dysfunction deteriorated after surgery [0.10(0.03–0.27) vs 0.33(0.09–0.68), P = 0.004].Conclusions: Although Frey’s procedure does not affect the beta cell function and insulin resistance in CCP patients, the alpha-cell dysfunction deteriorates after surgery.

关键词： Beta-cell Diabetes mellitus Glucagon Insulin secretion sensitivity index matsuda index

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management of critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes:The need for personalised therapy

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第5期6卷 693-706页

作者： Palash kar karen L Jones michael Horowitz Adam m Deane Discipline of Acute Care medicine Level 5Eleanor Harrald BuildingUniversity of Adelaide Intensive Care Unit Level 4Emergency Services BuildingRoyal Adelaide Hospital Centre for Research Excellence University of Adelaide Discipline of medicine Level 6Eleanor Harrald BuildingUniversity of Adelaide

Critical illness in patients with pre-existing diabetes frequently causes deterioration in glycaemic *** the prevalence of diabetes in patients admitted to hospital and intensive care units,the ideal management of hyperglycaemia in these groups is *** are data that suggest that acute hyperglycaemia in critically ill patients without diabetes is associated with increased mortality and *** insulin to keep blood glucose concentrations mmol/L is accepted as standard of care in this ***,preliminary data have recently been reported that suggest that chronic hyperglycaemia may result in conditioning,which protects these patients against damage mediated by acute ***,acute glucose-lowering to mmol/L in patients with diabetes with inadequate glycaemic control prior to their critical illness appears to have the capacity to cause *** review focuses on glycaemic control in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes,the potential for harm from glucose-lowering and the rationale for personalised therapy.

关键词： Diabetes Critically ill Intensive care management Personalised therapy

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Temporal and spatial variation of fish community and their nursery in a tropical seagrass meadow

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第12期37卷 63-72页

作者： DU Jianguo WANG Yanguo PERISTIWADY Teguh LIAO Jianji mAKATIPU Petrus Christianus HUWAE Ricardo JU Peilong LOH kar Hoe CHEN Bin Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Bitung marine Life Conservation Research Center for Oceanography Indonesian Institute of Sciences College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences University of Malaya

Fish species composition and spatio-temporal variability of the community were studied in a tropical seagrass meadow located in a lagoon in the eastern part of North Sulawesi. The diversity of fish community in the seagrass meadows was relatively high, with the Shannon-Wiener index ranging from 1.57 to 3.69. The family Apogonidae was the most dominant in abundance(8.27 ind./(100 m2)) and biomass(28.49 g/(100 m2)). At the species level,Apogon lateralis and Sphaeramia orbicularis were the most dominant species in abundance and biomass,respectively. For spatial distribution on species, the end, middle and mouth of the lagoon clustered together as a whole, which may be due to the substrate types found in those zones. The fish species, fish abundance and fish biomass were greater in the dry and wet seasons than in the transition season, which is explained by the strong monsoon, which provides a more suitable environment and food for the fish. The maximum length of 93.10% of the captured species was less than their length at maturity, indicating that seagrass meadows are nursery habitats for many fishes. Therefore, protection of the seagrass meadows is essential for fisheries and sustainable resource utilization.

关键词： seagrass meadows fish assemblages nursery function North Sulawesi

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