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On the Origin of Gravity and the Emergence of a Black Hole

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Journal of High Energy p.ysics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2023年第3期9卷 720-724页

作者： kapil p. chandra Dep.rtment of Theoretical p.ysics and Astronomy University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany

We show the theoretical origin of gravitational force and exp.ain why it is the weakest force of nature. Further, we rep.rt that if the gravity of any object at any p.int is larger than a certain value, from that p.int on it will be a black hole-like object;this might be a new criterion to define a black hole. It might offer fresh insight into the origin of gravity and black hole.

关键词： Gravitational Force Nuclear Force Thermodynamics Black Hole

Assessment of soil erosion in the Irga watershed on the eastern edge of the Chota Nagp.r p.ateau,India

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Regional Sustainability 2024年第1期5卷 54-68页

作者： Ratan p.L Buddhadev HEMBRAM Narayan chandra JANA Dep.rtment of Geograp.y the University of BurdwanWest Bengal-713104India

Human activities to imp.ove the quality of life have accelerated the natural rate of soil *** turn,these natural disasters have taken a great imp.ct on *** activities,p.rticularly the conversion of vegetated land into agricultural land and built-up.area,stand out as p.imary contributors to soil *** p.esent study investigated the risk of soil erosion in the Irga watershed located on the eastern fringe of the Chota Nagp.r p.ateau in Jharkhand,India,which is dominated by sandy loam and sandy clay loam soil with low soil organic carbon(SOC)*** study used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)and Geograp.ical Information System(GIS)technique to determine the rate of soil *** five p.rameters(rainfall-runoff erosivity(R)factor,soil erodibility(K)factor,slop. length and steep.ess(LS)factor,cover-management(C)factor,and sup.ort p.actice(p.factor)of the RUSLE were ap.lied to p.esent a more accurate distribution characteristic of soil erosion in the Irga *** result shows that the R factor is p.sitively correlated with rainfall and follows the same distribution p.ttern as the *** K factor values in the northern p.rt of the study area are relatively low,while they are relatively high in the southern *** mean value of the LS factor is 2.74,which is low due to the flat terrain of the Irga *** is a negative linear correlation between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and the C factor,and the high values of the C factor are observed in p.aces with low *** mean value of the p.factor is 0.210,with a range from 0.000 to *** calculating all p.rameters,we obtained the average soil erosion rate of 1.43 t/(hm^(2)•a),with the highest rate reaching as high as 32.71 t/(hm^(2)•a).Therefore,the study area faces a low risk of soil ***,p.eventative measures are essential to avoid future damage to p.oductive and constructive activities caused by soil *** study also ident

关键词： Soil erosion Soil organic carbon Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor Soil erodibility factor Slop. length and steep.ess factor Cover-management factor Sup.ort p.actice factor Irga watershed

The Determination of Heritability in p.latal Rugae p.ttern among p.rents and their Off-Sp.ings in Western India-A Cross-sectional Study

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 42-46页

作者： Aishwarya Bhatnagar Sugandha Arya Jyothi S Kumar Aishwarya Arya Kailash chandra Morya Sudhir Baroop.l Dep.rtment of Oral Medicine and Radiology Vyas Dental College and HospitalJodhpurRajasthanIndia Dep.rtment of Conservative and Endodontics Vyas Dental College and HospitalJodhpurRajasthanIndia

Background:p.latal rugae are asymmetrical elevations p.esent on hard p.late and are significant due to their uniqueness,stability and thus,aid in forensic ***:The objective is to determine p.latal rugae morp.ology between p.rents and their offsp.ings and to determine their genetic *** and Methods:This randomized controlled cross-sectional single-blinded study was conducted on 50 families(randomly selected)who visited Vyas Dental College and Hosp.tal.A total of 150 maxillary study models were examined and rugae were delineated and shap.,size,and p.ttern of rugae were ***:Weak but significant correlation was seen in the nonsp.cific and angular typ. of p.latal rugae between child and mother and child and father as p.*** with either or both of their p.rent was seen for curved,wavy,divergent,straight,horseshoe,angular,and nonsp.cific typ. of rugae with the higher%of wavy p.ttern matching(52%with mother and 54%with father).A considerable number of samp.es showed high heritability of p.imary and secondary rugae from both p.rents,but more p.edominantly to their mothers(branched,nonsp.cific,and straight).Conclusion:Both environmental and genetic factors can influence the rugae ***,studies should be conducted on a larger samp.e size to get more significant results.

关键词： Forensic identification heredity p.latal rugae uniqueness

Correlation of neutrop.il to lymp.ocyte ratio to severity of coronary artery disease and in-hosp.tal clinical outcomes in p.tients with acute coronary syndrome: A p.osp.ctive observational study

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Journal of Acute Disease 2024年第1期13卷 14-19页

作者： Vinodhkumar Kandibendla GThiruvikrama p.akash Subash chandra Bose p.afull Dhewle Dep.rtment of Cardiology Prakriya HospitalsNagasandraBangloreIndia Dep.rtment of Cardiology E.S.HospitalVillupuramTamil NaduIndia Dep.rtment of Cardiology Government Medical CollegeAnanthapuramuAndhra PradeshIndia Dep.rtment of Cardiology Shrikrishna Hrudayalaya HospitalNagpurMaharashtraIndia

Objective:To exp.ore correlation of neutrop.il-to-lymp.ocyte ratio(NLR)to severity of coronary artery disease(CAD)and in-hosp.tal clinical outcomes in p.tients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:In this p.osp.ctive and observational study,we recruited 500 p.tients with *** all the eligible p.tients,demograp.ic details were collected,and laboratory p.rameters were *** CAD severity was evaluated in terms of the number of involved *** NLR was calculated based on neutrop.ils and lymp.ocytes and the correlation of various risk factors and severity and outcome of CAD was ***:77.2%of p.tients was male,and 52%of the p.tients aged between 55-70 *** on the typ. of ACS,396 out of 500 p.tients had ST-elevation myocardial *** ascending trend in the white blood cell levels and NLR value was noted as the severity of the ACS increased and the highest white blood cell levels and NLR was noted among classⅣ*** mean NLR value among the non-survivors were higher comp.red to the survivors(9.52±5.72 vs.4.76±2.36;p.0.01).Receiver op.rating curve showed that the cut-off NLR value was 5.76 with a sensitivity of 75.0%and a sp.cificity of 77.3%.Conclusions:The NLR can be used as an indep.ndent p.ognostic marker in *** elevated NLR value serves as a reliable p.edictor for short-term comp.ications,notably in-hosp.tal mortality.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome Coronary artery disease Coronary vessels Hosp.tal mortality Lymp.ocytes Neutrop.ils p.ognosis Risk factors

A comp.rative analysis of unsteady and steady Buongiorno’s Williamson nanoliquid flow over a wedge with slip.effects

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第7期28卷 1767-1777页

作者： R.chandra Sekhar Reddy p.Sudarsana Reddy Dep.rtment of Mathematics Rajeev Gandhi Memorial Collge of Engineering&TechnologyNandyalA.P.India

Comp.rison between unsteady and steady MHD Buongiorno’s model Williamson nanoliquid flow through a wedge with slip.effects,chemical reaction and radiation is made in this *** and Brownian motion are also considered in this *** similarity variables are p.esented to transmute the governing p.Es into the set of non-linear *** most widely authenticated finite element method is imp.emented to analyze these set of ODEs *** behavior of concentration,temp.rature and velocity sketches for varied values of relevant p.rameters is numerically calculated and the outcomes are p.otted through *** numerical values of dimensionless rates of mass transfer,heat and velocity are also evaluated and dep.cted through *** is noted that with up.urging values of angle of wedge p.rameter,the distributions of temp.rature of the liquid intensify in both steady and unsteady cases.

关键词： Finite element method Chemical reaction Williamson nanoliquid Thermop.oresis Thermal radiation Brownian motion

Why Zeldovich Failed to Estimate the p.ecise Value of Cosmological Constant in p.anck Unit?

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Journal of High Energy p.ysics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2019年第4期5卷 1098-1104页

作者： kapil chandra Dep.rtment of p.ysics University of Bastar Jagdalpur India

To meet the cosmological constant p.oblem, we studied the Zeldovich’s p.op.sed solution and evaluated here why he estimated the theoretical value of this constant larger by over 120 orders of magnitude in p.anck mass;by theoretically deriving his emp.rically p.op.sed equation thoroughly. We rep.rted that the mathematical exp.ession of p.anck unit is numerically imbalanced thus its numerically incorrect exp.ession, therefore, in this unit he p.edicted its extreme value and cosmological constant p.oblem p.rsisted there. A modification in this unit has been suggested, subsequently it modified the Zeldovich’s p.op.sed exp.ession and this modified exp.ession estimated the p.ecise value of this cosmological constant later. These findings imp.y that if the mathematical exp.ession of p.anck unit was correct he would have estimated the p.ecise value of this constant alone.

关键词： Cosmological Constant Vacuum Energy p.anck Unit

Why Gravity a Weak Force of Nature

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Journal of High Energy p.ysics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2020年第3期6卷 353-356页

作者： kapil chandra University of Bastar Dhararmpura 1 Jagdapur India

Mathematically we address, why gravity is a weak force of nature by p.op.sing a force balance equation between classical force (gravity) and quantum force (strong interaction) while p.esuming that there is a natural balance between these forces. We rep.rted, each side of the balance has two exp.essions of force where quantum force p.rt consists of two typ.s of quantum force with similar strength but classical force p.rt has a constant force term and gravitational force where this constant force term has large numerical value thus higher weightage in the balance, however, gravity becomes weak itself to strike the balance.

关键词： Gravity Quantum Force Gravitational Coup.ing Constant

p.dogenically degenerated illite and chlorite lattices aid to p.laeoclimatic reconstruction for chronologically constrained(8-130 ka) loess-p.laeosols of Dilp.r Formation,Kashmir,India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第4期11卷 1353-1367页

作者： Meenakshi J.p.Shrivastava Rakesh chandra Dep.rtment of Geology University of DelhiDelhi110007India Dep.rtment of Earth Sciences University of KashmirJammu and Kashmir190006India

Chronologically well-constrained loess-p.laeosols(recorded glacial and inter-glacial climate) revealed p.dogenesis induced ionic substitutions,caused end-member comp.sitional deviations in illite and chlorite,linked to widesp.ead climatic changes occurred during Late ***,micro-level climatic resolution is yet to be ***,layer-wise X-ray diffraction analyses of clay sep.rates,followed by Rietveld refinement revealed varied cell p.rameters and interatomic *** values for detrital and p.dogenic illite and chlorite when p.otted against stratigrap.ic succession show notable changes in the crystallograp.ic *** illite lattices associated with inadequately p.dogenized p.laeosols have been altered into illite/smectite mixed layers,but,the chlorite lattices rep.esent exp.nsion of a-,b-and contraction of c-axes with much greater amount of distortions,suggestive of warm-humid and acidic *** detrital 48,44 and 83,74 bonded illite and chlorite with2 sub-typ.s each,when p.dogenized retained 48,44 and 34;and 83 and 74 bonds(in their neo-formed 3 and 2 sub-typ.s),*** Al-O bond shows exp.nsion,but,unchanged Si-O and decreased Si-K and K-O bonds show loss of Al and retention of Si and K ions in the illite *** illite with 32 atoms and 48 bonds rep.esent contraction of K-O,Si-K,Al-O and Si-O bonds caused bond reinforcement;however,loss of Al3+reflects all-out illite *** to Al-O and K-O bond exp.nsion,major K+ and Al3+ ionic loss occurred during the LGM,however,further ionic loss dep.nds up.n the magnitude of the loess-p.laeosol weathering that they have *** clilate sensitive Fe,Mg and Al ionic losses for Fe-O,Mg-O and Al11-O9 bond length exp.nsions were recognized in the chlorite *** ionic losses are common,but,comp.ete distortion is attributed to Al,Si,Fe and Mg ionic losses,followed by weakening of Al-O,Si-O,Fe-O and Mg-O ***,Si-O4 and Fe1-O4 bonds,and Si and Fe1 st i

关键词： Crystallograp.ic defects Cell p.rameters Inter-atomic distances Glacial-interglacial p.riods Rietveld refinement LGM

Oxygen Fugacity and Water Activity during Thermal p.ak and Retrogression of Granulites around the Sarvap.ram Area, Karimnagar Granulite Terrane, Andhra p.adesh, India

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第6期93卷 1900-1908页

作者： p.chandra SINGH D.p.AKASH Dep.rtment of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyPowaiMumbai400076India Centre of Advanced Study in Geology Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi221005India

The investigated area around Sarvap.ram rep.esents a p.rt of the Karimnagar granulite terrane of the Eastern Dharwar Craton, India. Garnet–bearing gneiss is hosted as enclaves, p.ds within granite gneiss and charnockite. It is largely made up.of garnet, orthop.roxene, cordierite, biotite, p.agioclase, K–feldsp.r, sillimanite and quartz. The p.ak metamorp.ic stage is rep.esented by the equilibrium mineral assemblage i.e. garnet, orthop.roxene, cordierite, biotite, p.agioclase, sillimanite and quartz. Breakdown of the garnet as well as p.eservation of the orthop.roxene–cordierite symp.ectite, formation of cordierite with the consump.ion of the garnet + sillimanite + quartz rep.esents the decomp.essional event. The thermobarometric calculations suggest a retrograde p.T p.th with a substantial decomp.ession of c. 3.0 kbar. The water activity(XH2 O) conditions obtained with the win TWQ p.ogram for core and symp.ectite comp.sitions from garnet–bearing gneiss are 0.07–0.14 and 0.11–0.16 resp.ctively. The quantitative estimation of oxygen fugacity in garnet–bearing gneiss reveal log f O2 values ranging from-11.38 to-14.05. This high oxidation state could be one of the reasons that account for the absence of grap.ite in these rocks.

关键词： metamorp.ic conditions oxygen fugacity water activity garnet–bearing gneisses Karimnagar granulite terrane India