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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou kamaldeep b.ui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GbGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GbGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GbGI types categorized under 10 main *** GbGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GbGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to bSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GbGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GbGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Mechanical and thermodynamical stability of biVO4 polymorphs using first-principles study

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Chinese Physics b 2017年第3期26卷 395-403页

作者： A K M Farid ui Islam Md Nurul Huda Liton H M Tariqul Islam Md Al Helal Md Kamruzzaman Department of Computer Science and Engineering Begum Rokeya University Rangpur Rangpur-5400 Bangladesh Department of Physics Begum Rokeya University Rangpur Rangpur-5400 Bangladesh Department of Chemistry Begum Rokeya University Rangpur Rangpur-5400 Bangladesh Department of Physics and Materials Science and Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China

First principles calculations of structural, electronic, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties of different poly- morphs of biVO4 are performed using bender-type plane/wave ultrasoft pseudopotentials within the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） in the flame of density functional theory （DFT）. The calculated structural and electronic properties are consistent with the previous theoretical and experimental results. The electronic structures reveal that m-biVO4, op- biVO4, and st-biVO4 have indirect band gaps, on the other hand, zt-biVO4 has a direct band gap. From the DOS and Mulliken＇s charge analysis, it is observed that only m-biVO4 has 6s2 bi lone pair. bond population analysis indicates that st-biVO4 shows a more ionic nature and a similar result is obtained from the elastic properties. From the elastic prop- erties, it is observed that st-biVO4 is more mechanically stable than the others, st-biVO4 is more ductile and useful for high electro-optical and electro-mechanical coupling devices. Our calculated thermodynamic properties confirm the similar characteristics found from electronic and elastic properties, m-biVO4 is useful as photocatalysts, solid state electrolyte, and electrode and other polymorphs are applicable in electronic device fabrications.

关键词： biVO4 crystal structure lone pair mechanical stability

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Efficient photovoltaic effect in graphene/h-bN/silicon heterostructure self-powered photodetector

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Nano Research 2021年第6期14卷 1967-1972页

作者： ui Yeon Won boo Heung Lee Young Rae Kim Won Tae Kang Ilmin Lee Ji Eun Kim Young Hee Lee Woo Jong Yu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Suwon16419Republic of Korea

Graphene(Gr)/Si-based optoelectronic devices have attracted a lot of academic attention due to the simpler fabrication processes,low costs,and higher performance of their two-dimensional(2D)/three-dimensional(3D)hybrid interfaces in Schottky junction that promotes electron-hole ***,due to the built-in potential of Gr/Si as a photodetector,the Iph/Idark ratio is often hindered near zero-bias at relatively low illumination *** is a major drawback in self-powered *** this study,we have demonstrated a self-powered van der Waals heterostructure photodetector in the visible range using a Gr/hexagonal boron nitride(h-bN)/Si structure and clarified that the thin h-bN insertion can engineer asymmetric carrier transport and avoid interlayer coupling at the *** dark current was able to be suppressed by inserting an h-bN insulator layer,while maintaining the photocurrent with minimal decrease at near *** a result,the normalized photocurrent-to-dark ratio(NPDR)is improved more than 104 ***,both Iph/Idark ratio and detectivity,increase by more than 104 times at−0.03 V drain *** proposed Gr/h-bN/Si heterostructure is able to contribute to the introduction of next-generation photodetectors and photovoltaic devices based on graphene or silicon.

关键词： graphene hexagonal boron nitride van der Waals heterostructure self-powered Research

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Foldable three dimensional neural electrode arrays for simultaneous brain interfacing of cortical surface and intracortical multilayers

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 840-853页

作者： Ju Young Lee Sang Hoon Park Yujin Kim Young Uk Cho Jaejin Park Jung-Hoon Hong Kyubeen Kim Jongwoon Shin Jeong Eun Ju In Sik Min Mingyu Sang Hyogeun Shin ui-Jin Jeong Yuyan Gao bowen Li Aizhan Zhumbayeva Kyung Yeun Kim Eun-bin Hong Min-Ho Nam Hojeong Jeon Youngmee Jung Huanyu Cheng Il-Joo Cho Ki Jun Yu School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Yonsei University50 Yonsei-roSeodaemunguSeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of biomedical Sciences College of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea brain Science Institute Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea School of Electrical Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Center for biomaterials Biomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea biomaterials Research Center Biomedical Research DivisionKorea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Seoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of biotechnology College of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of KHU-KIST Convergence Science and Technology Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 02447Republic of Korea KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering YU-KIST InstituteYonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Department of Anatomy College of MedicineKorea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering YU-Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)InstituteYonsei University50Yonsei-roSeodaemun-guSeoul 03722Korea

Challenges in the understanding of three-dimensional(3D)brain networks by simultaneously recording both surface and intracortical areas of brain signals remain due to the difficulties of constructing mechanical design and spatial limitations of the implanted ***,we present a foldable and flexible 3D neural prosthetic that facilitates the 3D mapping of complex neural circuits with high spatiotemporal dynamics from the intracortical to cortical *** device is the tool to map the 3D neural transmission through sophisticatedly designed four flexible penetrating shanks and surface electrode arrays in one integrated *** demonstrate the potential possibilities of identifying correlations of neural activities from the intracortical area to cortical regions through continuous monitoring of electrophysiological *** also exploited the structural properties of the device to record synchronized signals of single spikes evoked by unidirectional total whisker *** platform offers opportunities to clarify unpredictable 3D neural pathways and provides a next-generation neural interface.

关键词： neural electrode simultaneous

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Outcome of bone marrow instillation at fracture site in intracapsular fracture of femoral neck treated by head preserving surgery

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2017年第4期20卷 222-225页

作者： Nikhil Verma M.P. Singh Rehan ui-Haq Rajesh K. Rajnish Rahul Anshuman Department of Orthopaedics. UCMS and Ass. GTbH Delhi. India

学习是在 intracapsular 颈腿节的骨折在破裂地点评估骨头髓灌输的结果的现在的目的与 intracapsular 颈腿节的关上的骨折用保存包括的 *** 学习的头对待年龄组 18-50 年的 32 个病人。病人们作为每经由 *** 产生的计划被使随机化进二... 详细信息

学习是在 intracapsular 颈腿节的骨折在破裂地点评估骨头髓灌输的结果的现在的目的与 intracapsular 颈腿节的关上的骨折用保存包括的 *** 学习的头对待年龄组 18-50 年的 32 个病人。病人们作为每经由 *** 产生的计划被使随机化进二个组。二个组是组 A (控制)，在哪个 intracapsular 颈腿节的破裂被关上的减小和 cannulated cancellous 螺丝钉固定对待，并且组织 b (干预)，在哪个另外的经皮的自体同源的骨头髓在骨折把灌输发成送气音地点与 cannulated cancellous 一起被做螺丝钉固定。手术后地，在破裂地点和大腿骨的头的 avascular 坏死的联合在最后的后续在连续的平凡的拍上被估计。功能的结果被哈里斯臀部 *** 一般水准后续评估是 19.6 个月。在每个组的 12 个病人有联合， 4 个病人有符号不属于工会。从每个组的一个病人有大腿骨的头的 avascular 坏死。在在组 A 的最后的后续的普通哈里斯臀部分数是 80.50 ，在组， b 是 75.73 ，它被发现不是 *** 在骨头上补充说髓在 intracapsular 颈腿节的新鲜骨折的情况下在破裂地点把灌输发成送气音的重要角色都没被以加速愈合并且减少大腿骨的头坏死的发生的骨头保存外科的头对待。

关键词：股骨头坏死手术治疗骨折部位灌注骨髓 Harris 空心螺钉

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Nardostachys jatamansi extract protects against cytokine-induced β-cell damage and streptozotocin-induced diabetes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第26期16卷 3249-3257页

作者： Mi-Young Song ui-Jin bae bong-Hee Lee Kang-beom Kwon Eun-A Seo Sung-Joo Park Min-Sun Kim Ho-Joon Song Keun-Sang Kwon Jin-Woo Park Do-Gon Ryu byung-Hyun Park Department of biochemistry Medical School and Diabetes Research Center Chonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea Department of Physiology School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 South Korea Department of Food and Nutrition School of Human Environmental Science Wonkwang University Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 South Korea Department of Herbology School of Oriental Medicine Wonkwang University Iksan Jeonbuk 570-749 South Korea Department of Preventive Medicine Medical School Chonbuk National University Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea

AIM: To investigate the anti-diabetogenic mechanism of Nardostachys jatamansi extract (NJE). METHODS: Mice were injected with streptozotocin viaa tail vein to induce diabetes. Rat insulinoma RINm5F cells and isolated rat islets were treated with interleukin1β and interferon-γ to induce cytotoxicity. RESULTS: Treatment of mice with streptozotocin resulted in hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, which was conf irmed by immunohistochemical staining of the islets. The diabetogenic effects of streptozotocin were completely abolished when mice were pretreated with NJE. Inhibition of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia by NJE was mediated by suppression of nuclear factor (NF)-κb activation. In addition, NJE protected against cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity. Incubation of RINm5F cells and islets with NJE resulted in a signif icant reduction in cytokine-induced NF-κb activation and downstream events, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production. The protective effect of NJE was further demonstrated by the normal insulin secretion of cytokine-treated islets in response to glucose. CONCLUSION: NJE provided resistance to pancreatic β-cell damage from cytokine or streptozotocin treatment. The β-cell protective effect of NJE is mediated by suppressing NF-κb activation.

关键词： Nardostachys jatamansi Cytokines Streptozotocin Pancreatic β cells Nuclear factor κb Nitric oxide Diabetes mellitus

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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs10919543 in FCGR2A/ FCGR3A Region Confers Susceptibility to Takayasu Arteritis in Chinese Population

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第7期129卷 854-859页

作者： Fang Qin Hu Wang Lei Song Xi-Li Lu Li-Rui Yang Er-Peng Liang Wei Wang Yu-bao Zou Jin bian Hai-Ying Wu Xian-Liang Zhou Ru-Tai Hui H ui--Min Zhang Xiong-Jing Jiang Hypertension Center Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 China State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Fuwai Hospital National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100037 China

background： Takayasu arteritis （TA） is a rare inflammatory arteriopathy of unknown etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic susceptibility to TA in a Chinese population. Methods： Four single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） those locate in the IL12b region （rs56167332）, the MLX region （rs665268）, the FCGR2A/FCGR3A locus （rsi0919543）, and the HLA-b/M1CA locus （rs12524487）, associated with TA in different population, were genotyped in 123 Chinese TA patients and 147 healthy controls from January 2013 to August 2014. A Chi-square test was used to test for genotype/allele frequencies variants. Results： Among the four SNPs, rs 10919543 was found to be significantly associated with TA in the studied population. The GG genotype of rs 10919543 at the FCGR2A/FCGR3A locus is a high risk factor （odds ratio [OR] = 6.532, 95% confidence interval [C1] = 2.402 - 17.763, P 〈 0.001 ） for TA. Among TA patients, the level of eosinophil granulocytes （Eos） in the peripheral blood was observed to be higher in the GG group of rs 10919543 （n = 23, Eos = 0. I 1 [0.08, 0.17] x 109/L） than the GA ＋ AA group （n = 100, Eos = 0.08 [0.05, 0.13] 10/L, P = 0.028）. No correlation between the genotypes of the other three SNPs and TA patients was observed. Conclusions： Our findings revealed unique genetic pattern in Chinese TA patients that may be partly responsible for the higher risk of TA in this population. FCGR2A/FCGR3A-related immune disorder might contribute to the etiology of TA.

关键词： FCGR2A, FCGR3A Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Takayasu Arteritis

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Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals with enhanced photoluminescence and stability toward anti-counterfeiting highperformance flexible fibers

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Nano Research 2023年第2期16卷 3542-3551页

作者： Ranran Zhou Chi-An Cheng Xuyi Wang Kun Nie Jing Wu Mengyun Wu Xiuqiang Duan Ziyao Hu Injamam Ul Huq Hua Wang Luoxin Wang Lefu Mei Haikun Liu Xiaoxue Ma School of Materials Science and Engineering Hubei Key Laboratory for New Textile Materials and ApplicationsKey Laboratory of Polyphenylene Sulfide Fiber and Application in Textile Industryand State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials&Advanced Processing TechnologyWuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes National Laboratory of Mineral MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and TechnologyChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Department of bioengineering University of California Los AngelesLos Angeles 90095USA China bluestar Chengrand Co. LtdHigh Tech Organic Fiber Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengdu 610042China Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China

As a new type of light-collecting and luminescent material,all-inorganic cesium lead halide CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,br,I)perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)are expected to have a wide range of applications in the fields of photovoltaics,optoelectronics,and fluorescence anti-counterfeiting,***,improving the fluorescence performance and stability of CsPbX_(3)perovskite NCs to prompt their applications would promise both fundamental and practical significance for in-depth research in the field of halide *** this paper,we developed a modification strategy to introduce a halogen source,zinc bromide(Znbr_(2))in hexane,to CsPbX_(3)perovskite that can be conducted under atmospheric conditions with reduced reaction cost and easier *** first work in this paper was to apply the modification strategy to CsPbI_(3)nanowires(NWs).Compared with the untreated NWs,the Znbr_(2)/hexane modified CsPbI_(3)NWs exhibited better fluorescence ***,based on the study of perovskite NWs,we investigated perovskite nanocrystal-CsPbI_(3)nanorods(NRs)with different morphologies and *** was found that the luminescence properties of nanorods(NRs)were ***,we infiltrated the modified NRs into the aramid/polyphenylene sulfide(ACFs/PPS)composite paper yielded from our previous work to study its fluorescence performance for *** luminescence properties under ultraviolet light irradiation enable better performance in fluorescence *** Znbr_(2)/hexane modification strategy and the applications studied in this work will expand the scope of perovskite research,laying the foundation for the applications of fluorescent anti-counterfeiting,nano-photoelectric devices,and fluorescent composite materials.

关键词： perovskite nanocomposites photoluminescence fluorescent anti-counterfeiting aramid/polyphenylene sulfide compound paper

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我国日化用品使用挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放及臭氧生成潜势研究

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环境科学学报 2021年第6期41卷 2272-2281页

作者：崔茹莫梓伟袁斌邵敏暨南大学环境与气候研究院广州511443 粤港澳环境质量协同创新联合实验室广州511443

溶剂使用源是挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重要排放源之一.近年来,VOCs排放清单中对工业生产类溶剂的VOCs排放估算较多,但对于生活类溶剂使用的研究有所欠缺.本研究以日化用品为研究对象,基于产品消费量、产品中的溶剂含量及其挥发特性,建立了... 详细信息

溶剂使用源是挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重要排放源之一.近年来,VOCs排放清单中对工业生产类溶剂的VOCs排放估算较多,但对于生活类溶剂使用的研究有所欠缺.本研究以日化用品为研究对象,基于产品消费量、产品中的溶剂含量及其挥发特性,建立了我国2000—2017年日化用品使用的VOCs排放清单,并基于最大增量反应活性值(MIR)评估了日化用品对臭氧生成的潜在贡献.结果表明,2000年我国日化用品VOCs排放量为36.1×10^(4) t,到2017年排放量达218.5×10^(4) t,年平均增长率为11%.护肤品、香水和洗护用品是日化用品中VOCs的主要排放类别,2017年这3类的VOCs排放量分别占总量的40%、 30%和21%.上海(8.0×10^(4) t)、北京(7.0×10^(4) t)、广州(4.5×10^(4) t)、重庆(4.5×10^(4) t)、深圳(3.7×10^(4) t)是日化用品VOCs排放量前5的城市.含氧VOCs是日化用品排放的主要VOCs组分,其排放量贡献达到64%.2017年日化用品VOCs产生的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)为306.4×10^(4) t,含氧VOCs、烯烃和烷烃分别占OFP总量的67%、18%和14%.对OFP贡献最大的前8个物种是乙醇、柠檬烯、异丁烷、丙二醇、二丙二醇、异戊烷、二甲醚和异丙醇,其排放量占VOCs总量的77%,但贡献了OFP总量的93%.针对日化用品的VOCs排放及其引起的臭氧污染防控应重点关注护肤品、香水和洗护用品3类产品.

关键词：挥发性有机物日化用品排放清单臭氧生成潜势

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无外加催化剂条件下邻取代芳香醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己二酮的反应研究

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有机化学 1999年第5期19卷 483-488页

作者：王苏惠史达清屠树江王玉成徐州师范大学化学系徐州221009

在DMF溶剂中,不外加催化剂使邻取代芳香醛(1)与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己三酮(2)发生缩合和加成反应生成3,3,6,6-四甲基-4a-羟基-9-芳基-1,8二氧化-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-十氢化-1H氧杂蒽(3a～3d)。在同样条件下,邻羟基芳香醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3... 详细信息

在DMF溶剂中,不外加催化剂使邻取代芳香醛(1)与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己三酮(2)发生缩合和加成反应生成3,3,6,6-四甲基-4a-羟基-9-芳基-1,8二氧化-2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-十氢化-1H氧杂蒽(3a～3d)。在同样条件下,邻羟基芳香醛与5,5-二甲基-1,3-环己三酮则发生缩合,加成和脱水反应生成3,3-二甲基-9-(5,5-二甲基-3-羟基-2-环己烯-1-酮-2-基)-1-氧代-2,3,4,9-四氢化-1 氧杂蒽(4a～4b)。用单晶X-射线分析法确定了产物3a和4a的晶体结构。

关键词：邻取代芳香醛二甲基环已二酮氧杂蒽晶体

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