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^(15)N tracers and microbial analyses reveal in situ N_(2)O sources in contrasting water regimes of a drained peatland forest

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Pedosphere 2024年第4期34卷 749-758页

作者： Mohit MASTA Mikk eSPeNBeRG Laura KUUSeMeTS Jaan PÄRN Sandeep THAYAMKOTTU Holar SePP kalle kirsimäe Fotis SGOURIDIS Kuno KASAK Kaido SOOSAAR Ülo MANDeR Institute of ecology and earth Sciences University of TartuVanemuise Street 46Tartu 51003Estonia School of Geographical Sciences University of BristolUniversity RoadBristol BS81SSUK

Managed peatlands are a significant source of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),a powerful greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone *** to the complexity and diversity of microbial N_(2)O processes,different methods such as tracer,isotopomer,and microbiological technologies are required to understand these *** combined application of different methods helps to precisely estimate these processes,which is crucial for the future management of drained peatlands,and to mitigate soil degradation and negative atmospheric *** this study,we investigated N_(2)O sources by combining tracer,isotopomer,and microbial analysis in a drained peatland forest under flooded and drained *** average,the nitrification genes showed higher abundances in the drained treatment,and the denitrification genes showed higher abundances in the flooded *** is consistent with the underlying chemistry,as nitrification requires oxygen while denitrification is *** observed significant differences in labelled N_(2)O fluxes between the drained and flooded *** emissions of N_(2)O from the flooded treatment were nearly negligible,whereas the N_(2)O evolved from the nitrogen-15(^(15)N)-labelled ammonium(^(15)NH4+)in the drained treatment peaked at 147μg ^(15)N m^(-2) h^(-1).This initially suggested nitrification as the driving mechanism behind N_(2)O fluxes in drained peatlands,but based on the genetic data,isotopic analysis,and N_(2)O mass enrichment,we conclude that hybrid N_(2)O formation involving ammonia oxidation was the main source of N_(2)O emissions in the drained *** on the ^(15)N-labelled nitrate(^(15)NO3-)tracer addition and gene copy numbers,the low N_(2)O emissions in the flooded treatment came possibly from complete denitrification producing inert *** atomic level,we observed selective enrichment of mass 45 of N_(2)O molecule under ^(15)NH4+amendment in the drained treatment and enrichment of both masses 45 and 46 under

关键词： denitrification nitrification N_(2)O quantitative polymerase chain reaction

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Multi-scale habitat influences sprainting and group size of a freshwater-obligate smooth-coated otter(Lutrogale perspicillata) in Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve, India

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ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 159-175页

作者： Ankit Moun P.Ramesh Kumar M.Malathi Priya T.Ramesh Riddhika kalle Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History Deputy Conservator of Forests Bellary Territorial Forest Division Deputy Conservator of Forests Working Plan and Survey and Research WingBellary Territorial Forest Division Centre for Functional Biodiversity University of Kwa Zulu-Natal

Background The impact of changing land-use patterns and associated anthropogenic threats on scale-dependent habitat use of semi-aquatic mustelids in scent-marking and social behaviour can provide important insights into the habitat ecology of smooth-coated otters(Lutrogale perspicillata).Methods We sampled 180 stream segments(100–400 m) as spatial replicates of 60 1-km2 sites to record indirect evidence(i.e. spraints and mass latrine sites) and group sizes of smooth-coated otters along the Tungabhadra Otter Conservation Reserve(TOCR) during the dry season. To quantify habitat, we recorded stream characteristics, riparian vegetation, and anthropogenic disturbances at the local scale, and hydro-environmental characteristics and land uses at the landscape scale. Using Markovian-chain detection and occupancy models, we assessed the multi-scale habitat use of otters in their selection of suitable areas for scent-marking based on repeated presence-absence data on spraint/latrine locations along the TOCR. We further used linear regression techniques to explore relationships between the number of individuals in smooth-coated otter group and hydro-environmental characteristics, spraint/latrine encounter rate, anthropogenic pressure, land cover, topography, and *** At the local scale, the probability of spraint deposition and group size decreased with anthropogenic disturbance while the probability of spraint detections decreased with grass cover. At the landscape scale, the probability of otter site use for spraint deposition and group sizes increased in southeast flowing streams. Spraint deposition increased with the proportion of sugarcane fields, whereas in contrast, group size decreased with proportion of sugarcane *** Our findings highlight the first empirical evidence on multi-scale habitat use of a southern Indian population of smooth-coated otters in an inland freshwater ecosystem surrounded by the scrub jungle–agriculture matrix. We sug

关键词： Presence-absence modelling Inland river Freshwater ecosystem Semi-aquatic mammal Smooth-coated otter

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Machine Vision Based Measurement of Dynamic Contact Angles in Microchannel Flows

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2008年第4期5卷 282-290页

作者： Valtteri Heiskanen kalle Marjanen Pasi Kallio Micro-and Nanosystems Research Group Department of Automation Science and Engineering Tampere University of Technology Measurements Based on Images Research Group Department of Automation Science and Engineering Tampere University of Technology

When characterizing flows in miniaturized channels, the determination of the dynamic contact angle is important. By measuring the dynamic contact angle, the flow properties of the flowing liquid and the effect of material properties on the flow can be characterized. A machine vision based system to measure the contact angle of front or rear menisci of a moving liquid plug is described in this article. In this research, transparent flow channels fabricated on thermoplastic polymer and sealed with an adhesive tape are used. The transparency of the channels enables image based monitoring and measurement of flow variables, including the dynamic contact angle. It is shown that the dynamic angle can be measured from a liquid flow in a channel using the image based measurement system. An image processing algorithm has been developed in a MATLAB environment. Images are taken using a CCD camera and the channels are illuminated using a custom made ring light. Two fitting methods, a circle and two parabolas, are experimented and the results are compared in the measurement of the dynamic contact angles.

关键词： digital image processing machine vision microfluidics microchannel flow dynamic contact angle image based measurement

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Non-Abelian Topological excitations in Spinor Condensates

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Chinese Physics Letters 2005年第3期22卷 536-538页

作者：张云波 HarriMaekelae kalle-AnttiSuominen DepartmentofPhysicsandInstituteofTheoreticalPhysics ShanxiUniversityTaiyuan03006//DepartmentofPhysicsUniversityofTurkuFIN-20014TurunYliopistoFinland DepartmentofPhysics UniversityofTurkuFIN-20014TurunYliopistoFinland

We investigate the topological defects in atomic spin-1 and spin-2 Bose–einstein condensates by applying the homotopy group theory. With this rigorous approach we clarify the previously controversial identification of symmetry groups and order parameter spaces for the spin-1 case, and show that the spin-2 case provides a rare example of a physical system with non-Abelian line defects, and the possibility to have winding numbers of 1/3 and its multiples.

关键词： Non-Abelian Topological excitations Spinor Condensates

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Association of gene and protein expression and genetic polymorphism of CC chemokine ligand 4 in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第30期27卷 5076-5087页

作者： Levar Shamoun kalle Landerholm Amanda Balboa Ramilo Roland e Andersson Jan Dimberg Dick Wågsäter Department of Medical Cell Biology Uppsala UniversityUppsala 75123Sweden Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Region Jönköping CountyJönköping 55305Sweden Department of Surgery Region Jönköping CountyJönköping 55305Sweden Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science Linköping UniversityLinköping 58185Sweden Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine School of Health and WelfareJönköping UniversityJönköping 55111Sweden

BACKGROUND Leukocytes,such as T cells and macrophages,play an important role in *** chemokine ligand(CCL)4,which is produced by lymphocytes and macrophages,has been found to be expressed in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract and is a potent chemoattractant for various *** To examine CCL4 expression and its genetic polymorphism rs10491121 in patients with colorectal cancer(CRC)and evaluate their prognostic *** Luminex technology was used to determine CCL4 Levels in CRC tissue(n=98),compared with paired normal tissue,and in plasma from patients with CRC(n=103),compared with healthy controls(n=97).Included patients had undergone surgical resection for primary colorectal adenocarcinomas between 1996 and 2019 at the Department of Surgery,Ryhov County Hospital,Jönköping,*** transcription quantitative PCR was used to investigate the CCL4 gene expression in CRC tissue(n=101).Paired normal tissue and TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism assays were used for the CCL4 rs10491121 polymorphism in 610 CRC patients and 409 healthy *** The CCL4 protein and messenger RNA expression levels were higher in CRC tissue than in normal paired tissue(90%,Pespectively).CRC tissue from patients with localized disease had 2.8-fold higher protein expression levels than that from patients with disseminated *** CCL4 protein expression levels in CRC tissue were associated with a 30%lower cancer-specific survival rate in patients(Pe level of plasma CCL4 was 11%higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls(Pely correlated(r=0.56,Pe CCL4 protein level in CRC *** analysis of CCL4 gene polymorphism rs10491121 showed a difference(Petween localized disease and disseminated disease in the right colon,with a dominance of allele A in localized ***,the rate of the A allele was higher among CRC patients with mucinous cancer than among th

关键词： CC chemokine ligand 4 Gene polymorphism Gene and protein expression Chemokine Survival rate Colorectal cancer

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Inventory of aspen trees in spruce dominated stands in conserva-tion area

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Forest ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 143-154页

作者： Matti Maltamo Annukka Pesonen Lauri Korhonen Jari Kouki Mikko Vehmas kalle eerik?inen University of eastern Finland School of Forest Science Blom Kartta Oy City of Joensuu Natural Resources Institute Finland Joensuu Unit

Background： The occurrence of aspen trees increases the conservation value of mature conifer dominated forests. Aspens typically occur as scattered individuals among major tree species, and therefore the inventory of aspens is challenging. Methods： We characterized aspen populations in a boreal nature reserve using diameter distribution, spatial pattern, and forest attributes： volume, number of aspens, number of large aspen stems and basal area median diameter. The data were collected from three separate forest stands in Koli National Park, eastern Finland. At each site, we measured breast height diameter and coordinates of each aspen. The comparison of inventory methods of aspens within the three stands was based on simulations with mapped field data. We mimicked stand level inventory by locating varying numbers of fixed area circular plots both systematically and randomly within the stands. Additionally, we also tested if the use of airborne laser scanning （ALS） data as auxiliary information would improve the accuracy of the stand level inventory by applying the probability proportional to size sampling to assist the selection of field plot locations. Results： The results showed that aspens were always clustered, and the diameter distributions indicated different stand structures in the three investigated forest stands. The reliability of the volume and number of large aspen trees varied from relative root mean square error figures above 50% with fewer sample plots （5-10） to values of 25%-50% with ]0 or more sample plots. Stand level inventory estimates were also able to detect spatial pattern and the shape of the diameter distribution. In addition, ALS-based auxiliary information could be useful in guiding the inventories, but caution should be used when applying the ALS-supported inventory technique. Conclusions： This study characterized european aspen populations for the purposes of monitoring and management of boreal conservation areas. Our results suggest tha

关键词： Diameter distribution Historical continuity Inventory LiDAR Populus tremula L Simulation Spatial arrangement Stand characteristics

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Ingrowth, survival and height growth of small trees in uneven-aged Picea abies stands southern Finland

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第1期16卷 31-40页

作者： kalle eerikäinen Sauli Valkonen Timo Saksa Finnish Forest Research Institute Joensuu Unit P.O.Box 68 FI-80101 Joensuu Finland Finnish Forest Research Institute Vantaa Unit P.O.Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa Finland Finnish Forest Research Institute Suonenjoki Unit Juntintie 154 FI-77600 Suonenjoki Finland

The purpose of the study was to analyse height growth, mortality, and ingrowth of individual small-sized trees in uneven-aged spruce-dominated stands. It was based on experimental data from 16 stands for a 15-year observation period including four measurements with a 5-year interval. In the data of this study, the heights of small-sized trees varied from 0.1 to about 9 m. Results showed that the growth of small trees was rather slow, particularly in the smallest size classes. With average growth rates it would take about 60 years for a freshly emerged spruce germinant to achieve 1.3 m in height. The stand density, site quality and selection cuttings affected the growth of small-sized spruces. Average five-year mortality rates for spruce, birch and pine were 17.0%, 40.9% and 33.9%, respectively. Annual ingrowth rates with the threshold height of 1.3 m for the three species were on average 30.4, 2.8 and less than 0.1 trees per hectare, respectively. even if, a selection cutting of modest intensity (25% of basal area removed on average) seemed to have accelerated the growth of small spruces, it is recommended that more intensive harvestings be applied to enhance the survival and growth of small spruces. It is also concluded that shade intolerant species like birch and pine do not seem to be capable of developing into viable undergrowth in spruce selection stands with their current levels of stand density.

关键词： Growth Regeneration Selection cutting Silviculture Uneven-aged forest

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effects of diabetes type 2 and metformin treatment in Swedish patients with colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第19期28卷 2148-2151页

作者： Jan Dimberg Levar Shamoun kalle Landerholm Dick Wågsäter Department of Natural Science and Biomedicine School of Health and WelfareJönköping UniversityJönköping 55111Sweden Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Region Jönköping CountyJönköping 55305Sweden Department of Medical Cell Biology Uppsala UniversityUppsala 75123Sweden Department of Surgery Region Jönköping CountyJönköping 55305Sweden Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping UniversityLinköping 58185Sweden

The association between type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)and colorectal cancer(CRC)has been thoroughly investigated and reports have demonstrated that the risk of CRC is increased in DM *** association between DM and the survival of patients with CRC is *** suggests that metformin with its anti-inflammatory effects is a protective factor against the development of CRC among DM patients and that metformin therapy is associated with a better prognosis in patients with *** our cohort,we did not find any associations between the presence of DM or metformin and cancer specific survival or any relation to plasma levels of a panel of 40 inflammatory factors and *** the other hand,we identified that the insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2041437 was associated with DM in CRC *** dominance of the T bearing genotypes in patients with DM was statistically significant(P=0.038),with an odds ratio of 1.66(95%confidence interval:1.03-2.69).

关键词： Diabetes Metformin Cytokines Survival Colorectal cancer Polymorphism

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Suspicious brush cytology is an indication for liver transplantation evaluation in primary sclerosing cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第33期23卷 6147-6154页

作者： Sonja Boyd Marko Vannas kalle Jokelainen Helena Isoniemi Heikki Makisalo Martti A Farkkila Johanna Arola Department of Pathology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Transplantation and Liver Surgery Clinic University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Clinic of Gastroenterology University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital

AIM To investigate markers for high-grade dysplasia for the optimal timing of liver transplantation in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).MeTHODS earlier data support a dysplasia-carcinoma sequence,even low-to high-grade dysplasia,in PSC-associated cholangiocarcinoma(CCA). Surveillance using endoscopic retrograde cholangiography(eRC) and brush cytology aims to detect cases of biliary dysplasia,and liver transplantation is an option in cases with suspicion of malignancy in brushing. This study investigated markers to identify patients with highgrade biliary dysplasia for optimal timing in early liver transplantation. Patients undergoing surveillance using eRC and brush cytology during 2008-2014 and who were diagnosed with biliary dysplasia in explanted liver or CCA until February 2016 were included in the study. Demographic data,cholangiography findings,laboratory values,cytological morphology and DNA ploidy were *** Thirty PSC patients had biliary neoplasia in the explanted liver during the study period. Sixteen of these patients had low-grade dysplasia,10 patients had high-grade dysplasia,and 4 patients had CCA. Fifteen PSC patients diagnosed with CCA were not transplanted. Patients with low-grade dysplasia were younger. Alkaline phosphatase or carcinoembryonic antigen values did not differ between groups during surveillance,but carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was higher in CCA patients. No difference in PSC duration,eRC scores,suspicious cytology,or ploidy analysis was found between groups. No difference was observed between fibrosis stage in explanted livers. Low-and high-grade dysplasia could not be differentiated before liver transplantation based on liver enzymes,tumour markers,eRC scores,brush cytology or DNA *** Repeated suspicion of neoplasia in brush cytology should be an indication for evaluations of liver transplantation prior to the development of CCA.

关键词： endoscopic retrograde cholangiography Brush cytology Cholangiocarcinoma Biliary dysplasia

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Tackling boundaries of CCS in market deployment of second-generation oxy-fuel technology

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Clean energy 2018年第1期2卷 72-81页

作者： kalle Nuortimo Timo eriksson Reijo Kuivalainen Janne Härkönen Harri Haapasalo Timo Hyppänen Sumitomo SHI FW energia Oy P.O.Box 201 FI-78201 VarkausFinland Sumitomo SHI FW energia Oy P.O.Box 7FI-02130 EspooFinland Industrial engineering and Management University of OuluP.O.Box 4610FI-90014Finland LUT School of energy Systems PL 2053851 LappeenrantaFinland

This article discusses the market potential estimation results at different stages of second-generation oxy-fuel technology for carbon capture and storage,where oxygen content is increased in order to increase efficiency and product life *** article highlights the challenges to commercializing an energy technology with long development lead *** related to external market environment,regulations and market price for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))also need to be *** study is based on a second-generation oxy-CFB technology evaluation,SWOT analysis and product life-cycle *** commercialization of second-generation oxy-fuel technology,estimated as a basis of oxy-CFB technology,is largely found to be dependent on technical,sociological and economical aspects related to the energy market *** CO_(2) price in european Union(eU)emissions trading is currently below 10€/ton,which does not favour investment in ***_(2) storage also faces public opposition and eU directive *** CO_(2) price needs to be in the range of 30€/ton by 2030,the estimated time of *** development or subsidies would also be required for the second-generation oxy-CFB power production concept to become *** is one of the critical factors in market deployment as the price development is influenced by several external factors,including the eU’s environmental policy,politics and public acceptance.

关键词： Second generation oxyfuel technology market deployment CFB technology tackling boundary of CCS

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