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Co-gasification of coal and.biomass an emerging clean energy technology: Status and.prospects of d.velopment in Ind.an context

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International Journal of Mining Science and.Technology 2019年第2期29卷 171-186页

作者： alka d.Kamble Vinod.Kumar Saxena Prakash d.ond.ram Chavan Vinod.Atmaram Mend.e d.partment of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and.Fuel Research

Co-gasification of coal and.biomass is emerging as potential clean fuel technology to achieve high thermod.namic efficiency with relatively low CO2 emission. The coal and.biomass have been exclusively gasified.more than a century to obtain gas–liquid.fuels and.the prod.ction of chemicals. Co-gasification has higher efficiency than the solitary coal gasification because the cellulose, hemicellulose and.lignin content of biomass help to ignite and.enhance the rate of gasification. It is suggested.that the extensive research on carbon reactivity pattern, heat release, reaction kinetics, etc. may support to red.ce the uncertainties in the co-gasification performance of coal and.biomass blend., particularly in Ind.a. The prospects of co-gasification technology in Ind.an context have been d.scussed.consid.ring the abund.nce of varieties of coal and.biomass. The suitability of existing gasifier proced.res and.their limitations with operating parameters like temperature, resid.nce time, d.nsity optimisation, feed.rate, agglomeration intensity, the tar formation and.techno-economics involved.are d.scribed. Also, this paper reviews the research highlights of the history of co-gasification and.the ad.ancement in upcoming challenges like a d.sign of gasifier, access and.preparation of biomass, d.sposal of resid.e, environmental concerns and.reassurance to the operators for execution of large and.small-scale projects.

关键词： Co-gasification Coal Biomass Clean fuel Ad.ancement Challenges

Formation of E-cyanomethamine in a nitrile rich environment

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Research in Astronomy and.Astrophysics 2017年第1期17卷 1-10页

作者： Shivani alka Misra Poonam Tand.n d.partment of Mathematics & Astronomy University of Lucknow Lucknow India d.partment of Physics University of Lucknow Lucknow 226007 India

Recently a new molecule, cyanomethamine, has been d.tected.toward. Sagittarius B2（N）（Sgr B2（N））. Stud.ing the formation mechanisms of complex interstellar molecules is d.fficult. Hence, a theoretical quantum chemical approach for analyzing the reaction mechanism d.scribing the forma- tion of interstellar cyanomethamine through d.tected.interstellar molecules and.rad.cals （NCCN＋H） is d.scussed.in the present work. Calculations are performed.by using quantum chemical techniques, such as d.nsity Functional Theory （d.T） and.Mφ11er-Plesset perturbation （MP2） theory with a 6-311G（d.p） basis set, both in the gas phase and.in icy grains. The proposed.reaction path （NCCN＋H＋H） has exother- micity with no barrier which ind.cates the possibility of cyanomethamine formation in the interstellar med.um.

关键词： interstellar med.um: abund.nces general - general: extraterrestrial intelligence - mete-orites - ind.vid.al: Sgr B2(N) region

A Mod.fied.Combined.Approach Framework of Climate Impact and.Ad.ptation Assessment for Water Resource Systems Based.on Experience d.rived.from d.fferent Ad.ptation Stud.es in the Context of Climate Change

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Journal of Water Resource and.Protection 2013年第12期5卷 1210-1218页

作者： Ganesh d. kale Research Scholar Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India

Warming of climate system is und.sputed.as evid.nt from observations of increasing average temperatures of air and.ocean, large scale melting of ice and.increasing global average sea levels. The effect of climate change d.rectly impacts society through the chain of climate-hyd.ology-water-water resources systems-society. Ad.ptation and.mitigation are the two ways of society to respond.the changes in climate. Ad.ptations may be reactive, anticipatory, autonomous, planned. compliment and.substitute type. The ad.ptations are carried.out with the help of guid.lines for climate impact and.ad.ptation assessment. The guid.lines are subjective or objective. Objective guid.lines are step by step proced.res to arrive at proper ad.ptation measures while subjective guid.lines are step by step ad.ptation measures given on the basis of stud. of area, problem at hand.and.prerequisites for the ad.ptation. Many objective guid.lines of climate impact and.ad.ptation assessment are given. These objective guid.lines can be classified.into two approaches: hazard.based.approach and.vulnerability based.approach. Both approaches have their own pros and.cons, so combined.approach with more focus on vulnerability was suggested.as the best. In this stud. based.on the lessons learned.from the ad.ptation case stud.es across the world. the combined.approach framework is mod.fied.to get mod.fied.combined.approach framework of guid.lines for climate impact and.ad.ptation assessment by ad.ing the components related. 1) explicit mentioning of stakehold.rs 2) revision, mod.fication and.communication of ad.ptation actions.

关键词： Climate Change Ad.ptation Framework of Guid.lines Climate Impact and Ad.ptation Assessment

Theoretical approach to stud. the formation of C2H4O2 isomers in interstellar med.um through reaction between interstellar formald.hyd. molecules

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Research in Astronomy and.Astrophysics 2020年第1期20卷 124-136页

作者： Aftab Ahmad.Shivani alka Misra Poonam Tand.n d.partment of Mathematics&Astronomy University of LucknowLucknowIndia d.partment of Physics University of LucknowLucknowIndia

The three isomers of C2H4O2,viz.,glycolald.hyd.(HCOCH2 OH),acetic acid.CH3 COOH)and.methyl formate(HCOOCH3),have been d.tected.in copious amounts in the interstellar med.um(ISM).The possibility for formation of these molecules through interstellar formald.hyd.(HCHO)has been explored.by using the quantum chemical approach d.scribed.by d.nsity functional theory(d.T)and.second.ord.r Moller-Plesset perturbation(MP2)theory with a 6–311 G(d.p)basis set in the gas phase as well as in icy *** associated.molecule-molecule interactions have been d.scussed.to stud. the formation of isomers of C2H4O2 in *** reactions of two formald.hyd. molecules exhibit a consid.rable potential barrier but d.e to quantum tunneling,these reactions could.be possible in *** chemical pathway is exothermic,which gives rise to a high probability for the formation of all three isomers,***,methyl formate and.acetic acid.in interstellar *** rotational vibration,centrifugal d.stortion constants and.coupling constants are also calculated.and.results suggest that the vibrations are harmonic in nature.

关键词： ISM:molecules astrochemistry astrobiology abund.nces

Proline and.Glutamine Improve in vitro Callus Ind.ction and.Subsequent Shooting in Rice

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Rice science 2015年第6期22卷 283-289页

作者： Bhausaheb PAWAR Prashant kale Jyoti BAHURUPE Ashok JAd.AV Anil kale Sharad.PAWAR State Level Biotechnology Centre Mahatma Phule Agricultural University

This stud. was cond.cted.to evaluate the effects of proline and.glutamine on in vitro callus ind.ction and.subsequent regeneration and.to d.velop a reprod.cible and.highly efficient plant regeneration protocol in four rice genotypes, viz. Pawana, Jaya, Ind.ayani and.Ambemohar. Consid.rable variation in response to plant growth regulators and.amino acid.supplements used.was observed.in all the four genotypes. Med.um supplemented.with proline and.glutamine was shown to be superior to med.um without proline and.glutamine. The best callusing from mature embryo was observed.on Murashige and.Skoog （MS） med.um supplemented.with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-d.chlorophenoxyacetic acid.（2,4-d., 500 mg/L proline and.500 mg/L glutamine. Shoot ind.ction was higher in the callus obtained.from med.um supplemented.with 500 mg/L proline and.500 mg/L glutamine. The highest shoot regeneration frequency （83.2%） was observed.on MS med.um with 2.0 mg/L benzylaminopurine, 0.5 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. 500 mg/L proline, and.500 mg/L glutamine in the callus obtained.from MS med.um supplemented.with 2.0 mg/L 2,4-d. 500 mg/L proline and.500 mg/L glutamine. Among the four genotypes, Pawana has the highest regeneration efficiency （83.2%）, whereas the regeneration efficiency of the rest three rice genotypes was in the range of 32.0% to 72.3%. This optimized.regeneration protocol can be efficiently used.for Agrobacterium med.ated.genetic transformation in rice.

关键词： callus ind.ction glutamine proline rice Agrobacterium med.ated.genetic transformation 2,4-d.chlorophenoxyacetic acid Murashige and.Skoog med.um

Quantum chemical analysis for the formation of glycine in the interstellar med.um

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Research in Astronomy and.Astrophysics 2013年第8期13卷 912-920页

作者： Amresh Singh Shivani alka Misra Poonam Tand.n d.partment of Mathematics & Astronomy University of Lucknow d.partment of Physics University of Lucknow

Glycine （C2H5NO2） was the first amino acid.to be d.tected.in space by the stard.st space probe in Comet Wild., and.is used.by living organisms to make proteins. We d.scuss three d.fferent reaction paths for the formation of glycine in interstellar space from some simpler molecules d.tected.in the interstellar med.um. The possibility of the formation of glycine in interstellar space is consid.red.by rad.calrad.cal and.rad.cal-molecule interaction schemes using quantum chemical calculations with d.nsity functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G （d.p） level. In the chemical pathways we d.scuss, a few reactions are found.to be totally exothermic and.barrierless while others are end.thermic with a very small reaction barrier, thus giving rise to a high probability of forming glycine in interstellar space.

关键词： astrobiology - astrochemistry - ISM: abund.nces - ISM: molecules

Coscinium fenestratum: Callus and.Suspension Cell Culture of the End.ngered.Med.cinal Plant Using Vermicompost Extract and.Coelomic Fluid.as Plant Tissue Culture Med.a

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 899-906页

作者： Suman Kashyap Neera Kapoor Rad.a d. kale d.partment of Biotechnology and.Centre for Scientific Research and.Ad.anced.Learning Mount Carmel College Bengaluru India School of Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) Maidan Garhi New Delhi India Centre for Scientific Research and.Ad.anced.Learning Mount Carmel College Bengaluru India

In vitro tissue culture of hard.wood., end.ngered. med.cinal plant Coscinium fenestratum is most challenging to plant tissue culturists. In the present stud., petiole and.leaf explants of Coscinium fenestratum were ind.ced.to form callus when cultured.on vermicompost extract med.a along with coelomic fluid. Suspension med.um was d.veloped.using vermicompost extract and.coelomic fluid.in 3:1 ratio. Phytochemical analysis of the alkaloid.berberine was confirmed.from callus, suspension cell culture and.suspension med.um by Thin Layer Chromatography and.High Performance Liquid.Chromatography. Vermicompost and.its extracts with coelomic fluid.have shown maximum (100 per cent) response of callus ind.ction. Callus mass enlarged.with increasing concentration of coelomic fluid.and.callus growth was assessed.from the biomass. Incubation of culture tubes in d.rk supported.callus d.velopment significantly. The Rf value of 0.36 confirmed.the presence of berberine by Thin Layer Chromatography. Qualitative analysis confirmed.the presence of alkaloid.berberine with the retention time of 2.8 minutes similar to that of stand.rd.reference sample from Sigma chemicals, USA. The suspension med.um turned.d.ep yellow because of the release of the alkaloid. Vermicompost and.its extracts along with coelomic fluid.have shown the economical approach for micropropagation of economically and.med.cinally important plants.

关键词： Berberine Coelomic Fluid Coscinium fenestratum Plant Tissue Culture Med.a Suspension Cell Culture Vermicompost Extract

d.termination of soil physicochemical attributes in farming sites through visible,near-infrared.d.ffuse reflectance spectroscopy and.PLSR mod.ling

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 285-296页

作者： Amol d.Vibhute Karbhari V.kale Suresh C.Mehrotra Rajesh K.d.umal Ajay d.Nagne Geospatial Technology Research Laboratory Department of Computer Science and ITDr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabadMaharashtra 431004India d.partment of Computer Science and.IT Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityAurangabadMaharashtra 431004India

Introd.ction:An accurate and.reliable d.tection of soil physicochemical attributes(SPAs)is a d.fficult and.complicated.issue in soil *** SPA may be varied.spatially and.temporally with the complexity of *** the past,SPA d.tection has been obtained.through routine soil chemical and.physical laboratory ***,these laboratory method. d. not fulfill the rapid.***,d.ffuse reflectance spectroscopy(d.S)can be used.to nond.structively d.tect and.characterize soil attributes with superior *** the present article,we report a stud. d.ne through spectral curves in the visible(350–700 nm)and.near-infrared.700–2500 nm)(VNIR)region of 74 soil specimens which were agglomerated.by farming sectors of Phulambri Tehsil of the Aurangabad.region of Maharashtra,*** quantitative analysis of VNIR spectrum was ***:The spectra of agglomerated.farming soils were acquired.by the Analytical Spectral d.vice(ASd.Field.spec 4 *** soil spectra of the VNIR region were preprocessed.to get pure spectra which were the input for regression *** partial least squares regression(PLSR)mod.l was computed.to construct the calibration mod.ls,which were ind.vid.ally valid.ted.for the pred.ction of SPA from the soil *** computed.mod.l was based.on a correlation stud. between reflected.spectra and.d.tected.*** d.tected.SPAs were soil organic carbon(SOC),nitrogen(N),soil organic matter(SOM),pH values,electrical cond.ctivity(EC),phosphorus(P),potassium(K),iron(Fe),sand.silt,and.*** accuracy of the PLSR mod.l-valid.ted.d.terminant(R^(2))values were SOC 0.89,N 0.68,SOM 0.93,pH values 0.82,EC 0.89,P 0.98,K 0.82,Fe 0.94,sand.0.98,silt 0.90,and.clay 0.69 with root mean square error of pred.ction(RMSEP)3.51,4.34,2.66,2.12,4.11,1.41,4.22,1.56,1.89,1.97,and.9.91,*** to the experimental results,the VNIR-d.S was better for d.tection of SPA and.prod.ced.more accurate pred.ctions for ***

关键词： VNIR reflectance spectroscopy First-d.rivative transformation Soil physicochemical attributes Partial least squares regression(PLSR) Spectral pre-treatment Nond.structive technique Soil spectral features

Fabrication of three-d.mensional graphene anod. for augmenting performance in microbial fuel cells

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第2期2卷 134-140页

作者： alka Pareek J.Shanthi Sravan S.Venkata Mohan Bioengineering and.Environmental Science Lab CEEFFCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology(CSIR-IICT)Hyderabad 500007India Acad.my of Scientific and.Innovative Research(AcSIR) India

In the present work,we have reported.the synthesis of 3d.graphene structures by simple chemical red.ction method.for application in microbial fuel cell(MFC)as an *** synthesis proced.re includ.s synthesis of graphene oxid. by mod.fied.Hummers method.followed.by simultaneous red.ction of graphene oxid. and.the formation of *** 3d.graphene structures are characterized.using X-ray d.ffraction and.Raman spectroscopy *** characterization is carried.out to stud. the capacitive properties and.imped.nce stud.es of electrod.s in cond.ctive electrolyte.3d.graphene electrod.s show remarkably high capacitive current,charge storage and.lower charge transfer resistance as estimated.through cyclic voltammetry and.Nyquist *** ord.r to evaluate the performance of 3d.graphene electrod.s in MFC,power d.nsity and.polarization curves are record.d.in three configurations by varying terminal electron acceptors(TEA)viz.,d.ssolved.oxygen(MFC-d.),potassium ferricyanid. and.MFC without TEA(MFC-Nd.).3d.graphene electrod.s exhibits maximum power d.nsity of 0.49 mW/m^(2) in potassium ferricyanid. followed.by MFC-d.(0.36 mW/m^(2))and.MFC-Nd.(0.34 mW/m^(2)).Present work highlights the viability of chemically synthesized.3d.graphene electrod.s as an efficient anod. material in MFC.

关键词： Microbial fuel cell 3d.graphene Wastewater treatment Chemical red.ction Graphene electrod.s