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FSCIL-eACA: Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning Network Based on embedding Augmentation and Classifier Adaptation for Image Classification

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Chinese Journal of electronics 2024年第1期33卷 139-152页

作者： Ruru zhang Haihong e Meina SONG School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications education Department Information Network engineering Research Center Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

The ability to learn incrementally is critical to the long-term operation of AI systems. Benefiting from the power of few-shot class-incremental learning(FSCIL), deep learning models can continuously recognize new classes with only a few samples. The difficulty is that limited instances of new classes will lead to overfitting and exacerbate the catastrophic forgetting of the old classes. Most previous works alleviate the above problems by imposing strong constraints on the model structure or parameters, but ignoring embedding network transferability and classifier adaptation(CA), failing to guarantee the efficient utilization of visual features and establishing relationships between old and new classes. In this paper, we propose a simple and novel approach from two perspectives: embedding bias and classifier bias. The method learns an embedding augmented(eA) network with cross-class transfer and class-specific discriminative abilities based on self-supervised learning and modulated attention to alleviate embedding bias. Based on the adaptive incremental classifier learning scheme to realize incremental learning capability,guiding the adaptive update of prototypes and feature embeddings to alleviate classifier bias. We conduct extensive experiments on two popular natural image datasets and two medical datasets. The experiments show that our method is significantly better than the baseline and achieves state-of-the-art results.

关键词： Training Adaptation models Visualization Image recognition Prototypes Self-supervised learning Power capacitors

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event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control for input-constrained multi-agent systems via reinforcement learning

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第1期22卷 25-38页

作者： Jinxuan zhang Chang-e Ren College of Information engineering Capital Normal UniversityBeijing100089China

This article presents an event-triggered H_(∞) consensus control scheme using reinforcement learning (RL) for nonlinear second-order multi-agent systems (MASs) with control constraints. First, considering control constraints, the constrained H_(∞) consensus problem is transformed into a multi-player zero-sum game with non-quadratic performance functions. Then, an event-triggered control method is presented to conserve communication resources and a new triggering condition is developed for each agent to make the triggering threshold independent of the disturbance attenuation level. To derive the optimal controller that can minimize the cost function in the case of worst disturbance, a constrained Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation is defined. Since it is difficult to solve analytically due to its strongly non-linearity, reinforcement learning (RL) is implemented to obtain the optimal controller. In specific, the optimal performance function and the worst-case disturbance are approximated by a time-triggered critic network;meanwhile, the optimal controller is approximated by event-triggered actor network. After that, Lyapunov analysis is utilized to prove the uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) stability of the system and that the network weight errors are UUB. Finally, a simulation example is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the control strategy provided.

关键词： H_(∞)optimal control Input constrains Multi-agent systems(MASs) Reinforcement learning(RL)

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Self-Triggered Set Stabilization of Boolean Control Networks and Its Applications

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Ieee/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第7期11卷 1631-1642页

作者： Rong Zhao Jun-e Feng Dawei zhang the School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityShandong UniversityJinan 250100China

Set stabilization is one of the essential problems in engineering systems, and self-triggered control(STC) can save the storage space for interactive information, and can be successfully applied in networked control systems with limited communication resources. In this study, the set stabilization problem and STC design of Boolean control networks are investigated via the semi-tensor product technique. On the one hand, the largest control invariant subset is calculated in terms of the strongly connected components of the state transition graph, by which a graph-theoretical condition for set stabilization is derived. On the other hand, a characteristic function is exploited to determine the triggering mechanism and feasible controls. Based on this, the minimum-time and minimum-triggering open-loop, state-feedback and output-feedback STCs for set stabilization are designed,respectively. As classic applications of self-triggered set stabilization, self-triggered synchronization, self-triggered output tracking and self-triggered output regulation are discussed as well. Additionally, several practical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.

关键词： Boolean control networks(BCNs) output regulation self-triggered control semi-tensor product of matrices set stabilization synchronization

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Phase separation of S-RNase promotes self-incompatibility in Petunia hybrida

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第5期66卷 986-1006页

作者： Huayang Tian Hongkui zhang Huaqiu Huang Yu'e zhang Yongbiao Xue The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biologythe Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beiing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of SciencesNational Center for BioinformationBeijing 100101China

Self-incompatibility(SI)is an intraspecific reproductive barrier widely present in *** SI system with the broadest occurrence in angiosperms is based on an S-RNase linked to a cluster of multiple S-locus F-box(SLF)genes found in the Solanaceae,Plantaginaceae,Rosaceae,and *** studies reveal that non-self S-RNase is degraded by the Skip Cullin F-box(SCF)SLF-mediated ubiquitin–proteasome system in a collaborative manner in Petunia,but how self-RNase functions largely remains ***,we show that S-RNases form S-RNase condensates(SRCs)in the self-pollen tube cytoplasm through phase separation and the disruption of SRC formation breaks SI in self-incompatible Petunia *** further find that the pistil SI factors of a small asparagine-rich protein HT-B and thioredoxin h together with a reduced state of the pollen tube all promote the expansion of SRCs,which then sequester several actin-binding proteins,including the actin polymerization factor PhABRACL,the actin polymerization activity of which is reduced by S-RNase in ***,we find that S-RNase variants lacking condensation ability fail to recruit PhABRACL and are unable to induce actin foci formation required for pollen tube growth *** together,our results demonstrate that phase separation of S-RNase promotes SI response in ***,revealing a new mode of S-RNase action.

关键词： self-incompatibility S-RNase phase separation

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Chasing Sequencing Perfection:Marching Toward Higher Accuracy and Lower Costs

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第2期22卷 1-12页

作者： Hangxing Jia Shengjun Tan Yong e.zhang CAS Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and evolution&State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China CAS Center for excellence in Animal evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650223China

Next-generation sequencing(NGS),represented by Illumina platforms,has been an essential cornerstone of basic and applied ***,the sequencing error rate of 1 per 1000 bp(10^(−3))represents a serious hurdle for research areas focusing on rare mutations,such as somatic mosaicism or microbe *** examining the high-fidelity sequencing methods developed in the past decade,we summarized three major factors underlying errors and the corresponding 12 strategies mitigating these *** then proposed a novel framework to classify 11 preexisting representative methods according to the corresponding combinatory strategies and identified three trends that emerged during methodological *** further extended this analysis to eight long-read sequencing methods,emphasizing error reduction ***,we suggest two promising future directions that could achieve comparable or even higher accuracy with lower costs in both NGS and long-read sequencing.

关键词： Sequencing error High-fidelity sequencing Consensus sequencing Single-molecule sequencing Rare mutation

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A bacterial protein Rhp-PSP inhibits plant viral proliferation through endoribonuclease activity

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1967-1978页

作者： Lijie Chen Qianze Peng Xiaohua Du Weixing zhang Ju’e Cheng Shu’e Sun Deyong zhang Pin Su Yong Liu Longping Branch College of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/Institute of Plant Protection Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125China

Plant virus causes massive crop losses ***,there is currently no effective measure to control plant viral ***,we identify an antiviral protein Rhp-PSP,produced by the bacterial Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain *** this study,we discover that the antiviral activity of Rhp-PSP relies on its endoribonuclease *** the arginine(R)residue at position 129 onto alanine(A)abolishs its endoribonuclease activity on coat protein(CP)RNA of tobacco mosaic virus(TMV),consequentially,compromises the antiviral activity of *** investigation demonstrates that,the mutant Rhp-PSP^(R129A)is unable to form the homotrimer as the wild type,indicating the importance of quaternary junction for the endoribonuclease *** of Rhp-PSP in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhances the resistance against TMV of seedlings,while expression of Rhp-PSP^(R129A)did not,confirming that endoribonuclease activity is responsible for the antiviral activity of *** addition,foliar spray of Rhp-PSP solution on tomato and pepper plants significantly reduces the disease index of viral diseases,indicating that Rhp-PSP shows potential to develop antiviral agent in practice.

关键词： Rhodopseudomonas palustris Rhp-PSP tobacco mosaic virus endoribonuclease antiviral activity

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Jigsaw-Sketch: a fast and accurate algorithm for finding top-k elephant flows in high-speed networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 113-130页

作者： Boyu zhang He HUANG Yu-e SUN Yang DU Dan WANG School of Computer Science and Technology Soochow University School of Rail Transportation Soochow University

Finding top-k elephant flows in high-speed networks is one of the most fundamental network measurement tasks. It is more challenging than per-flow size estimation since the IDs and sizes of top-k flows must be tracked simultaneously. Most existing studies only record the IDs of a small number of elephant flows to fit their estimators in the extremely limited high-speed on-chip memory. However, these solutions need too many memory accesses when a packet arrives to track the elephant flows with high accuracy, which limits their practicability. Therefore, this paper proposes Jigsaw-Sketch, a new algorithm to find the top-k elephant flows with much fewer memory accesses while achieving high memory efficiency and accuracy. In this design, we propose a novel two-stage jigsaw storage scheme, which can capture the candidate top-k flows from massive network steams efficiently, and further find the top-k elephant flows with high memory efficiency and only a few memory accesses for each packet. extensive experimental results based on real network traces show that Jigsaw-Sketch improves the packet processing throughput by at least 86%, while achieving smaller memory footprints and higher accuracy compared to the SOTA.

关键词： sketch top-$k$ network measurement elephant flow high-speed networks

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FGM-SPCL:Open-Set Recognition Network for Medical Images Based on Fine-Grained Data Mixture and Spatial Position Constraint Loss

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Chinese Journal of electronics 2024年第04期33卷 1023-1033页

作者： Ruru zhang Haihong e Lifei YUAN Yanhui WANG Lifei WANG Meina SONG School of Computer Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications engineering Research Center of Information Networks Ministry of Education Hebei eye Hospital

The current intelligent auxiliary diagnosis models all follow the closed-set recognition setting. After the model is deployed online, the input data is often not completely controlled. Diagnosing an untrained disease as a known category would lead to serious medical malpractice. Therefore, realizing the open-set recognition is significant to the safe operation of the intelligent auxiliary diagnosis model. Currently, most open-set recognition models are studied for natural images, and it is very challenging to obtain clear and concise decision boundaries between known and unknown classes when applied to fine-grained medical images. We propose an open-set recognition network for medical images based on fine-grained data mixture and spatial position constraint loss(FGM-SPCL) in this *** the fine graininess of medical images and the diversity of unknown samples, we propose a fine-grained data mixture(FGM) method to simulate unknown data by performing a mixing operation on known data to expand the coverage of unknown data difficulty levels. In order to obtain a concise and clear decision boundary, we propose a spatial position constraint loss(SPCL) to control the position distribution of prototypes and samples in the feature space and maximize the distance between known classes and unknown classes. We validate on a private ophthalmic OCT dataset, and extensive experiments and analyses demonstrate that FGM-SPCL outperforms state-of-the-art models.

关键词： Analytical models Fine-grained image recognition Prototypes Aerospace electronics Spatial databases Robustness Data models

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Diatomic Pd catalyst with conjugated backbone for synergistic electrochemical CO_(2)reduction

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4850-4855页

作者： Wenxuan zhang Mengran zhang Hongjuan Wang Wen zhang Min zhang MOe International Joint Laboratory of Materials Microstructure Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon TechnologiesSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringTianjin University of TechnologyTianjin 300384China

Double-site catalysts have attracted widespread attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their high metal loading,adjustable active centres,and electronic valence ***,the development of bimetallic sites catalysts that coordinate with definite atoms is still in the exploratory ***,we designed and synthesized a bimetallic palladium complex(BPB-Pd_(2))with conjugated *** supported BPB-Pd_(2)was applied to electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the first *** as-obtained BPB-Pd_(2)gives an exceptional Faradaic efficiency of CO(FeCO)of 94.4%at−0.80 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHe),which is significantly superior to monoatomic palladium catalyst(BPB-Pd1).The density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed that the essential reason for the outstanding activity of BPB-Pd_(2)toward CO_(2)RR was that the electronic effect between diatomic palladium reduces the free energy change for CO_(2)RR ***,BPB-Pd_(2)exhibits moderate free energy change to form COOH*intermediate,which was beneficial for the generation of CO in CO_(2)RR.

关键词： synthesis electrocatalysis CO_(2)reduction bimetallic palladium complex synergistic catalysis

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N-doped graphene quantum dot-decorated N-TiO2/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube composite photocatalysts for antibiotic photodegradation and H2 production

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 165-178页

作者： Jingshu Yuan Yao zhang Xiaoyan zhang Junjie zhang Shen’gen zhang Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Xi’an Fanyi University Xi’an 710105China Shunde Graduate School of University of Science and Technology Beijing Foshan 528399China State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 820000China

exclusive responsiveness to ultraviolet light (~3.2 eV) and high photogenerated charge recombination rate are the two primary drawbacks of pure TiO_(2). We combined N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs), morphology regulation, and heterojunction construction strategies to synthesize N-GQD/N-doped TiO_(2)/P-doped porous hollow g-C_(3)N_(4) nanotube (PCN) composite photocatalysts (denoted as G-TPCN). The optimal sample (G-TPCN doped with 0.1wt% N-GQD, denoted as 0.1% G-TPCN) exhibits significantly enhanced photoabsorption, which is attributed to the change in bandgap caused by elemental doping (P and N), the improved light-harvesting resulting from the tube structure, and the upconversion effect of N-GQDs. In addition, the internal charge separation and transfer capability of0.1% G-TPCN are dramatically boosted, and its carrier concentration is 3.7, 2.3, and 1.9 times that of N-TiO_(2), PCN, and N-TiO_(2)/PCN(TPCN-1), respectively. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction between N-TiO_(2) and PCNs, the excellent electron conduction ability of N-GQDs, and the short transfer distance caused by the porous nanotube structure. Compared with those of N-TiO_(2), PCNs, and TPCN-1, the H2 production activity of 0.1%G-TPCN under visible light is enhanced by 12.4, 2.3, and 1.4times, respectively, and its ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation rate is increased by 7.9, 5.7, and 2.9 times, respectively. The optimized performance benefits from excellent photoresponsiveness and improved carrier separation and migration efficiencies. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of 0.1% G-TPCN and five possible degradation pathways of CIP are proposed. This study clarifies the mechanism of multiple modification strategies to synergistically improve the photocatalytic performance of 0.1% G-TPCN and provides a potential strategy for rationally designing novel photocatalysts for environmental remediation and solar energy conversion.

关键词： N-doped TiO_(2) N-doped graphene quantum dots P-doped g-C_(3)N_(4) porous hollow nanotube heterojunction photocatalysis

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