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Fg12 ribonuclease secretion contributes to Fusarium graminearum virulence and induces plant cell death

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第2期63卷 365-377页

作者： Bo yang Yuyin Wang Mengjun Tian kaixin Dai Wenyue Zheng Zehan Liu Sen yang Xinyu Liu Dongya Shi Haifeng Zhang yan Wang Wenwu Ye Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Filamentous fungal pathogens secrete effectors that modulate host immunity and facilitate infection. Fusarium graminearum is an important plant pathogen responsible for various devastating diseases. However, little is known about the function of effector proteins secreted by F. graminearum. Herein, we identified several effector candidates in the F. graminearum secretome. Among them, the secreted ribonuclease Fg12 was highly upregulated during the early stages of F. graminearum infection in soybean;its deletion compromised the virulence of F. graminearum. Transient expression of Fg12 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced cell death in a light-dependent manner. Fg12 possessed ribonuclease(RNase) activity, degrading total RNA. The enzymatic activity of Fg12 was required for its cell death-promoting effects. Importantly, the ability of Fg12 to induce cell death was independent of BAK1/SOBIR1, and treatment of soybean with recombinant Fg12 protein induced resistance to various pathogens, including F. graminearum and Phytophthora sojae. Overall, our results provide evidence that RNase effectors not only contribute to pathogen virulence but also induce plant cell death.

关键词： cell death effector fungal ribonuclease Fusarium graminearum virulence

The Phytophthora effector Avh241 interacts with host NDR1-like proteins to manipulate plant immunity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第7期63卷 1382-1396页

作者： Bo yang Sen yang Baodian Guo Yuyin Wang Wenyue Zheng Mengjun Tian kaixin Dai Zehan Liu Haonan Wang Zhenchuan Ma yan Wang Wenwu Ye Suomeng Dong Yuanchao Wang Department of Plant Pathology Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Plant pathogens rely on effector proteins to suppress host innate immune responses and facilitate *** the Phytophthora sojae RxLR effector Avh241 promotes Phytophthora infection,the molecular basis of Avh241 virulence remains poorly *** we identified non-race specific disease resistance 1(NDR1)-like proteins,the critical components in plant effector-triggered immunity(ETI)responses,as host targets of ***241 interacts with NDR1 in the plasma membrane and suppresses NDR1-participated ETI *** of GmNDR1s increases the susceptibility of soybean to *** infection,and overexpression of GmNDR1s reduces infection,which supports its positive role in plant immunity against ***,we demonstrate that GmNDR1 interacts with itself,and Avh241 probably disrupts the self-association of *** data highlight an effective counter-defense mechanism by which a Phytophthora effector suppresses plant immune responses,likely by disturbing the function of NDR1 during infection.

关键词： NDR1 protein Phytophthora pathogens plant immunity RXLR effector virulence target

Selenium vacancies regulate d-band centers in Ni_(3)Se_(4)toward paired electrolysis in anion-exchange membrane electrolyzers for upgrading N-containing compounds

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Science China Chemistry 2023年第7期66卷 2109-2120页

作者： Feng Yue Chuantao Wang Wen Duan Huijuan Pang Tingting Wei kaixin Xue Danjun Wang Feng Fu Chunming yang Research Institute of Comprehensive Energy Industry Technology College of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringYan’an UniversityYan’an 716000China

Paired electrolysis in anion-exchange membrane(AEM)electrolyzers toward the cathodic nitrate reduction reaction(NO_(3)RR)and anodic benzylamine oxidation reaction(BOR)could generate high value-added N-containing compounds *** key challenge is to develop bifunctional electrocatalysts with a wide potential window,which can achieve highly efficient conversion of anode and cathode ***,Ni_(3)Se_(4)with Se vacancies was prepared and employed as the cathode and anode of AEM electrolyzers for NO_(3)RR and BOR.^(15)N isotope-labeling online differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS)proved that ammonium was reduced from nitrates and revealed the reaction pathway of NO_(3)*** density functional theory calculation clarified that Se vacancies regulate d-band centers,and then further modulate the adsorption energy of adsorbed hydrogen,NO_(3)^(-)and intermediates on the Ni_(3)Se_(4)-60s surface in NO_(3)RR,so as to optimize the hydrogenation of NO_(3)^(-)into ***,during the BOR,the Se vacancy can promote the adsorption of OH^(-),which is easier to form the active species of Ni *** technical and economic evaluation exhibited that the cost of paired electrolysis is 1.21 times lower and the profit is 1.42 times higher than that of the unpaired electrolysis,which shows the economic attraction of paired *** work delivers the guidance for the design of efficient catalysts for paired electrolysis in AEM electrolyzer toward the sustainable synthesis of value-added chemicals.

关键词： Ni_(3)Se_(4) controllable selenium vacancy paired electrolysis AEM electrolyzer upgrading N-containing compounds

Analyzing the cellular and molecular atlas of ovarian mesenchymal cells provides a strategy against female reproductive aging

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第12期66卷 2818-2836页

作者： Longzhong Jia Wenji Wang Jing Liang Shudong Niu Yibo Wang Jian yang Lingyu Li Ge Wang Xueqiang Xu Lu Mu kaixin Cheng Xuebing yang Yijing Wang Haoshu Luo Guoliang Xia Yuwen Ke yan Zhang Hua Zhang State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China School of Life Sciences Taizhou UniversityTaizhou 318000China National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijing 102206China Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China College of Life ScienceNingxia UniversityYinchuan 750021China

Ovarian mesenchymal cells(oMCs)constitute a distinct microenvironment that supports folliculogenesis under physiological *** of exogenous non-ovarian mesenchymal-related cells has been reported to be an efficient approach to improve ovarian ***,the development and cellular and molecular characteristics of endogenous oMCs remain largely *** this study,we surveyed the single-cell transcriptomic landscape to dissect the cellular and molecular changes associated with the aging of oMCs in *** results showed that the oMCs were composed of five ovarian differentiatedMC(odMC)populations and one ovarian mesenchymal progenitor(oMP)cell *** cells could differentiate into various odMCs via an oMP-derived route to construct the ovarian stroma *** analysis revealed that ovarian aging was associated with decreased quantity of oMP cells and reduced quality of *** on the findings of bioinformatics analysis,we designed different strategies involving supplementation with young oMCs to examine their effects on female fertility and *** functional investigations revealed that oMCs supplementation prior to ovarian senescence was the optimal method to improve female fertility and extend the reproductive lifespan of aged females in the longterm.

关键词： single-cell analysis ovary mesenchyma mesenchymal progenitor cells aging infertility

Prevalence of maturity-onset diabetes of the young in phenotypic type 2 diabetes in young adults:a nationwide,multi-center,cross-sectional survey in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2023年第1期136卷 56-64页

作者： yan Chen Jing Zhao Xia Li Zhiguo Xie Gan Huang Xiang yan Houde Zhou Li Zheng Tao Xu kaixin Zhou Zhiguang Zhou National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology(Central South University)Ministry of Educationand Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410011China College of Life Sciences The University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules CAS Center for Excellence in BiomacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences JinanShandong 271016China

Background:Maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY)is the most common monogenic *** aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MODY in phenotypic type 2 diabetes(T2DM)among Chinese young ***:From April 2015 to October 2017,this cross-sectional study involved 2429 consecutive patients from 46 hospitals in China,newly diagnosed between 15 years and 45 years,with T2DM phenotype and negative for standardized glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody at the core *** using a custom monogenic diabetes gene panel was performed,and variants of 14 MODY genes were interpreted as per current ***:The survey determined 18 patients having genetic variants causing MODY(6 HNF1A,5 GCK,3 HNF4A,2 INS,1 PDX1,and 1 PAX4).The prevalence of MODY was 0.74%(95%confidence interval[CI]:0.40-1.08%).The clinical characteristics of MODY patients were not specific,72.2%(13/18)of them were diagnosed after 35 years,47.1%(8/17)had metabolic syndrome,and only 38.9%(7/18)had a family history of *** significant difference in manifestations except for hemoglobin A1c levels was found between MODY and non-MODY ***:The prevalence of MODY in young adults with phenotypic T2DM was 0.74%,among which HNF1A-,GCK-,and HNF4A-MODY were the most common *** features played a limited role in the recognition of MODY.

关键词： Maturity-onset diabetes of the young Type 2 diabetes Young adults

mTORC2/RICTOR exerts differential levels of metabolic control in human embryonic,mesenchymal and neural stem cells

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Protein & Cell 2022年第9期13卷 676-682页

作者： Qun Chu Feifei Liu Yifang He Xiaoyu Jiang Yusheng Cai Zeming Wu Kaowen yan Lingling Geng Yichen Zhang Huyi Feng kaixin Zhou Si Wang Weiqi Zhang Guang-Hui Liu Shuai Ma Jing Qu Moshi Song State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Beijing 100101China Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXuanwu Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China National Center for Bioinformation Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Aging Translational Medicine Center International Center for Aging and CancerXuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100053China Sino-Danish College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China Chongqing Renji Hospital University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400062China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Dear Editor,Stem cells,including pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells,possess the remarkable capability of being able to selfrenew while at the same time having potential to differentiate into different cell lineages and functionally distinct cell *** embryonic stem cells(hESCs)can differentiate into all adult stem cell types,including human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)and human neural stem cells(hNSCs),but can also give rise to all terminally differentiated cell types(Wang et al.,2021a).Through the continuous replenishment of differentiated cells,stem cells support tissue homeostasis and respond to tissue *** the promising applications of stem cells in cell therapy and regenerative medicine,insights into molecular events underlying stem cell maintenance,self-renewal ability and pluripotency,continue to garner strong interest(Shan et al.,2021).Although metabolic pathways have been implicated in the reciprocal regulations of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation as well as organ homeostatic maintenance(Garcia-Prat et al.,2017),central aspects of how metabolic requirements differ and are regulated across the various types of human stem cells in our body remain enigmatic.

关键词： injuries homeostasis neural

Probing the active sites of 2D nanosheets with Fe-N-C carbon shell encapsulated Fe_(x)C/Fe species for boosting sodium-ion storage performances

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Nano Research 2022年第8期15卷 7154-7162页

作者： Huicong Xia Pengfei Yuan Lingxing Zan Gan Qu Yunchuan Tu kaixin Zhu Yifan Wei Zeyu WeiFangying Zheng Mo Zhang Yongfeng Hu Dehui Deng Jianan Zhang College of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China State Key Laboratory of Catalysis iChEMDalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China College of Physics and Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Key Laboratory of Chemical Reaction Engineering of Shaanxi Province College of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringYan’an UniversityYan’an 716000China Canadian Light Source 44 Innovation Boulevard SaskatoonSaskatoon S7N 2V3Canada

Developing stable but high active metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)-based hard carbon anode is a promising way to be the alternatives to graphene and blank hard carbon for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),requiring the precise tailoring of the electronic structure for optimizing the Na+intercalation behavior,yet is greatly ***,Fe-N-C graphitic layer-encapsulating Fe3C species within hard carbon nanosheets(Fe-N-C/Fe3C@HCNs)are rationally engineered by pyrolysis of self-assembled ***,the Fe-N-C/Fe3C@HCNs exhibit outstanding rate capacity(242 mAh·g^(−1)at 2,000 mA·g^(−1)),which is 2.1 and 4.2 times higher than that of Fe-N-C and N-doped carbon(N-C),respectively,and prolonged cycling stability(176 mAh·g^(−1)at 2,000 mA·g^(−1)after 2,000 cycles).Theoretical calculations unveil that the Fe3C species enhance the electronic transfer from Na to Fe-N-C,resulting in the charge redistribution between the interfaces of Fe3C and ***,the optimized adsorption behavior towards Na+reduces the thermodynamic energy *** synergistic effect of Fe3C and Fe-N-C species maintains the structural integrity of electrode materials during the sodiation/desodiation *** in-depth insight into the advanced Na+storage mechanisms of Fe3C@Fe-N-C offers precise guidance for the rational establishment of confinement heterostructures in SIBs.

关键词： Fe-N-C/Fe3C species encapsulated carbon nanosheets sodium-ion storage density functional theory

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基于时域介电法的油纸绝缘复合电老化性能

高电压技术 2016年第9期42卷 2988-2994页

作者：孙长海粘凯昕吴彦薛静梅彭娜大连理工大学电气工程学院大连116024 特变电工沈阳变压器集团有限公司沈阳110144

换流变压器油纸绝缘系统在运行中需要承受复合电压,其绝缘老化特性与普通电力变压器有着显著的区别,然而相关研究明显不足。为了得到不同复合电压下油纸绝缘的绝缘老化规律,对油纸结构采用实验室加速复合电老化方法,测量不同老化阶段油... 详细信息

换流变压器油纸绝缘系统在运行中需要承受复合电压,其绝缘老化特性与普通电力变压器有着显著的区别,然而相关研究明显不足。为了得到不同复合电压下油纸绝缘的绝缘老化规律,对油纸结构采用实验室加速复合电老化方法,测量不同老化阶段油纸结构的极化去极化电流和绝缘纸的聚合度,结合时域介电法和聚合度对油纸结构的绝缘特性进行了研究。研究结果表明:随着老化时间的增加,PDC曲线整体向上移动,极化电流稳定值不断增加,去极化电流趋向于零,同时油纸聚合度不断下降;随着交流电压百分数的增加,对油纸聚合度的影响从靠近高压侧的油纸向中间层油纸不断加剧。最后提出一种将时域介电法和聚合度相结合的换流变压器油纸绝缘无损检测方法,本研究将为油纸绝缘在复合电压下老化机理及换流变压器绝缘设计提供参考。

关键词：油纸介电响应极化去极化电老化复合电压聚合度

基于DFIG无功优化控制的直流换相失败暂态过电压抑制

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电力自动化设备 2024年第10期44卷 32-38页

作者：闫佳颖刘其辉李开心吴林林华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室北京102206 国网冀北电力科学研究院北京100045

当高压直流系统发生换相失败时,送端电网电压呈现“先低后高”连续变化的特征,风电机组动态控制不佳,严重时会造成脱网。为克服传统国标控制策略未考虑电压连续变化特征下的控制“空白区”问题,揭示了换相失败暂态过电压的形成机理并分... 详细信息

当高压直流系统发生换相失败时,送端电网电压呈现“先低后高”连续变化的特征,风电机组动态控制不佳,严重时会造成脱网。为克服传统国标控制策略未考虑电压连续变化特征下的控制“空白区”问题,揭示了换相失败暂态过电压的形成机理并分析了其暂态形态特性;在传统国标控制策略的基础上,引入无功电流系数细化电流指令并利用转子侧换流器进行优先分配,确定了基于双馈感应发电机(DFIG)无功优化的故障穿越控制策略。基于MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台对所提控制策略进行验证。结果表明相较于传统国标控制策略,所提控制策略能够进一步抑制换相失败恢复阶段的暂态过电压现象。

关键词：换相失败电压连续变化 DFIG 无功控制区间优化暂态过电压抑制