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Analyzing voting power in decentralized governance:Who controls DAOs?

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第3期5卷 123-129页

作者： Robin Fritsch marino müller Roger Wattenhofer ETH Zurich 8092ZurichSwitzerland

We empirically study the state of three prominent DAO governance systems on the Ethereum blockchain:Compound,Uniswap and Ethereum name service(ENS).In particular,we examine how the voting power is distributed in these *** a comprehensive dataset of all governance token holders,delegates,propos-als,and votes,we analyze who holds the voting power and how this power is being used to influence governance *** we reveal that the majority of voting power is concentrated in the hands of a small number of addresses,we rarely observe these powerful entities overturning a vote by choosing a different outcome than that of the overall community and less influential voters.

关键词： Decentralized autonomous organization DAO governance Liquid democracy Blockchain

Epidemicity indices and reproduction numbers from infectious disease data in connected human populations

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Infectious Disease modelling 2024年第3期9卷 875-891页

作者： Cristiano Trevisin Lorenzo mari marino Gatto Andrea Rinaldo Laboratory of Ecohydrology École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneStation 2Lausanne1015Switzerland Dipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e BioingegneriaPolitecnico di MilanoVia Ponzio 34/5Milano20133Italy Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Ambientale(ICEA)Universitàdi PadovaStation 2Padova35131Italy

We focus on distinctive data-driven measures of the fate of ongoing *** relevance of our pursuit is suggested by recent results proving that the short-term temporal evolution of infection spread is described by an epidemicity index related to the maximum instantaneous growth rate of new infections,echoing concepts and tools developed to study the reactivity of *** epidemicity indices can showcase the dynamics of infections,together with commonly employed effective reproduction numbers,especially when the latter assume values less than *** particular,epidemicity evaluates the short-term reactivity to perturbations of a disease-free ***,we show that sufficient epidemicity thresholds to prevent transient epidemic outbreaks in a spatially connected setting can be estimated by generalizing existing analogues derived when spatial effects are *** specifically account for the discrete nature,in both space and time,of surveillance data of the type typically employed to estimate effective reproduction numbers that formed the bulk of the communication of the state of the COVID-19 pandemic and its *** analyzing the effects of spatial heterogeneity on the considered prognostic indicators,we perform a short-and long-term analysis on the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy,showing that endemic conditions were maintained throughout the duration of our simulation despite stringent control *** method provides a portfolio of prognostic indices that are essential to pinpoint the ongoing pandemic in both a qualitative and quantitative manner,as our results *** base our conclusions on extended investigations of the effects of spatial fragmentation of communities of different sizes owing to connectivity by human mobility and contact scenarios,within real geographic contexts and synthetic setups designed to test our framework.

关键词： COVID-19 Ecological reactivity Epidemicity Reproduction numbersLeslie matrix metapopulation mobility

A new oxidative pathway of nitric oxide production from oximes in plants

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molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 178-198页

作者： Pedro Lopez-Gomez Javier Buezo marina Urra Alfonso Cornejo Raquel Esteban Jorge Fernandez de los Reyes Estibaliz Urarte Estefania Rodriguez-Dobreva Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia Alejandro Eguaras Sebastian Wolf Daniel marino Victor martinez-merino Jose F.moran Institute for multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology(ImAB) Department of SciencesPublic University of Navarre(UPNA)Avda.de Pamplona 12331192 MutilvaSpain Institute for Advanced materials and mathematics(INAmAT2) Department of SciencesPublic University of Navarre(UPNA)Campus de Arosadia31006 PamplonaSpain Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Sarriena s/nApdo.64448080 BilbaoSpain Center for Plant molecular Biology(ZmBP) University of TubingenGeschwister-Scholl-Platz72074 TubingenGermany Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca(IRNASA) Department of Plant-Microorganism InteractionsSpanish National Research Council(CSIC)Cordel de Merinas40-5237008SalamancaSpain Department of Biochemistry Area of Molecular BiologyVeterinary FacultyUniversity of LeonCampus de Vegazanas/n.24071 LeonSpain

Nitric oxide(NO)is an essential reactive oxygen species and a signal molecule in *** several studies have proposed the occurrence of oxidative NO production,only reductive routes for NO production,such as the nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))-upper-reductase pathway,have been evidenced to date in land ***,plants grown axenically with ammonium as the sole source of nitrogen exhibit contents of nitrite and NO3−,evidencing the existence of a metabolic pathway for oxidative production of *** hypothesized that oximes,such as indole-3-acetaldoxime(IAOx),a precursor to indole-3-acetic acid,are intermediate oxidation products in NO *** detected the production of NO from IAOx and other oximes catalyzed by peroxidase(POD)enzyme using both 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorescein fluorescence and *** stimulated the reaction,while superoxide dismutase inhibited ***,mouse NO synthase can also use IAOx to produce NO at a lower rate than *** provided a full mechanism for POD-dependent NO production from IAOx consistent with the experimental data and supported by density functional theory *** showed that the addition of IAOx to extracts from medicago truncatula increased the in vitro production of NO,while in vivo supplementation of IAOx and other oximes increased the number of lateral roots,as shown for NO donors,and a more than 10-fold increase in IAOx dehydratase ***,we found that in vivo supplementation of IAOx increased NO production in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type plants,while prx33-34 mutant plants,defective in POD33-34,had reduced *** data show that the release of NO by IAOx,as well as its auxinic effect,explain the superroot ***,our study reveals that plants produce NO utilizing diverse molecules such as oximes,POD,and flavins,which are widely distributed in the plant kingdom,thus introducing a long-awaited oxidative pathway to NO production in plants.T

关键词： ammonium oxidation auxin nitric oxide oxime peroxidase root phenotype

International consensus guidelines on robotic pancreatic surgery in 2023

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 89-104页

作者： Rong Liu mohammed Abu Hilal marc G.Besselink Thilo Hackert Chinnusamy Palanivelu Yupei Zhao Jin He Ugo Boggi Jin-Young Jang Fabrizio Panaro Brian K.P.Goh mikhail Efanov Yuichi Nagakawa Hong-Jin Kim Xiaoyu Yin Zhiming Zhao Yi-ming Shyr Shridhar Iyer Eli Kakiashvili Ho-Seong Han Jae Hoon Lee Roland Croner marco Vito marino Arun Prasad Wei Wang Songqing He Kehu Yang Qu Liu Zizheng Wang mengyang Li Shuai Xu Kongyuan Wei Zhaoda Deng Yuze Jia Tess m.E.van Ramshorst Faculty of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery The First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army(PLA)General HospitalBeijingChina Department of Surgery Poliambulanza Foundation HospitalBresciaItaly Department of Surgery University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK Amsterdam UmC location University of AmsterdamDepartment of SurgeryAmsterdamThe Netherlands Cancer Center Amsterdam AmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of General Visceral and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Department of minimal Invasive Hernia Surgery GEM Hospital and Research CentreChennaiTamil NaduIndia Department of General Surgery Peking Union Medical College Hospital BeijingBeijingChina Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Division of General and Transplant Surgery University of PisaPisaItaly Department of Surgery Seoul National University HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeoulKorea Department of Surgery/Division of HBP Surgery&Transplantation University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery Singapore General Hospital and National Cancer Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery Moscow Clinical Scientific CenterMoscowRussia Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery Tokyo Medical UniversityShinjukuTokyoJapan Department of Surgery Yeungnam University College of MedicineDaeguKorea Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouChina 18 Division of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery and Liver TransplantationNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore Department of Surgery Galilee Medical CenterNahariyaIsrael Department of Surgery Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeoul National University College of MedicineSeongnam-siKorea Division of Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department of SurgeryAsan Medical Cente

Background:With the rapid development of robotic surgery,especially for the abdominal surgery,robotic pancreatic surgery(RPS)has been applied increasingly around the ***,evidence-based guidelines regarding its application,safety,and efficacy are still *** harvest robust evidence and comprehensive clinical practice,this study aims to develop international guidelines on the use of ***:World Health Organization(WHO)Handbook for Guideline Development,GRADE Grid method,Delphi vote,and the AGREE-II instrument were used to establish the Guideline Steering Group,Guideline Development Group,and Guideline Secretary Group,formulate 19 clinical questions,develop the recommendations,and draft the *** online meetings were held on 04/12/2020,30/11/2021,and 25/01/2022 to vote on the recommendations and get advice and suggestions from all involved *** the experts focusing on minimally invasive surgery from America,Europe and Oceania made great contributions to this consensus ***:After a systematic literature review 176 studies were included,19 questions were addressed and 14 recommendations were developed through the expert assessment and comprehensive judgment of the quality and credibility of the ***:The international RPS guidelines can guide current practice for surgeons,patients,medical societies,hospital administrators,and related social *** randomized trials are required to determine the added value of RPS as compared to open and laparoscopic surgery.

关键词： Robotic surgery guidelines pancreatectomy pancreaticoduodenectomy distal pancreatectomy(DP)

Natural Products Diversity of marine Ascidians(Tunicates;Ascidiacea)and Successful Drugs in Clinical Development

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2017年第1期7卷 1-111页

作者： Satheesh Kumar Palanisamy N.m.Rajendran Angela marino Department of Chemical BiologicalPharmaceutical and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Messina98166 MessinaItaly Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for molecular Sciences Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

This present study reviewed the chemical diversity of marine ascidians and their pharmacological applications,challenges and recent developments in marine drug discovery reported during 1994–2014,highlighting the structural activity of compounds produced by these *** date only 5%of living ascidian species were studied from\3000 species,this study represented from family didemnidae(32%),polyclinidae(22%),styelidae and polycitoridae(11–12%)exhibiting the highest number of promising *** to 580 compound structures are here discussed in terms of their occurrence,structural type and reported biological ***-cancer drugs are the main area of interest in the screening of mNPs from ascidians(64%),followed by anti-malarial(6%)and remaining *** approved ascidian compounds mechanism of action along with other compounds status of clinical trials(phase 1 to phase 3)are discussed here *** review highlights recent developments in the area of natural products chemistry and biotechnological approaches are emphasized.

关键词： Cancer Cytotoxicity Diversity metabolites Pharmacology

Split-root systems applied to the study of the legume-rhizobial symbiosis: What have we learned?

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第12期56卷 1118-1124页

作者： Estíbaliz Larrainzar Erena Gil-Quintana Cesar Arrese-Igor Esther m.González Daniel marino Department of Environmental Sciences Public University of Navarra Pamplona E-31006 Spain Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Bilbao E-48080 Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao E-48011 Spain

Split-root system（SRS） approaches allow the differential treatment of separate and independent root systems, while sharing a common aerial part. As such, SRS is a useful tool for the discrimination of systemic（shoot origin）versus local（root/nodule origin） regulation mechanisms. This type of approach is particularly useful when studying the complex regulatory mechanisms governing the symbiosis established between legumes and Rhizobium bacteria. The current work provides an overview of the main insights gained from the application of SRS approaches to understand how nodule number（nodulation autoregulation） and nitrogen fixation are controlled both under non-stressful conditions and in response to a variety of stresses. Nodule number appears to be mainly controlled at the systemic level through a signal which is produced by nodule/root tissue, translocated to the shoot, and transmitted back to the root system, involving shoot Leu-rich repeat receptor-like kinases. In contrast, both local and systemic mechanisms have been shown to operate for the regulation of nitrogenase activity in nodules. Under drought and heavy metal stress, the regulation is mostly local,whereas the application of exogenous nitrogen seems to exert a regulation of nitrogen fixation both at the local and systemic levels.

关键词： legume-rhizobia nitrogen fixation nodulation split-root system symbiosis

Semi-Empirical Algorithm for Wind Speed Retrieval from Gaofen-3 Quad-Polarization Strip mode SAR Data

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第1期19卷 23-35页

作者： ZHU Shuai SHAO Weizeng marino Armando SUN Jian YUAN Xinzhe marine Science and Technology College Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316000China Natural Sciences University of StirlingStirling FK94LAUK Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application National Satellite Ocean Application ServiceBeijing 100081China

Synthetic aperture radar(SAR)is a suitable tool to obtain reliable wind retrievals with high spatial *** geophysical model function(GmF),which is widely employed for wind speed retrieval from SAR data,describes the relationship between the SAR normalized radar cross-section(NRCS)at the copolarization channel(vertical-vertical and horizontal-horizontal)and a wind ***-measured NRCS at cross-polarization channels(horizontal-vertical and vertical-horizontal)correlates with wind *** this study,a semi-empirical algorithm is presented to retrieve wind speed from the noisy Chinese Gaofen-3(GF-3)SAR data with noise-equivalent sigma zero correction using an empirical ***-3 SAR can acquire data in a quad-polarization strip mode,which includes cross-polarization *** semi-empirical algorithm is tuned using acquisitions collocated with winds from the European Center for medium-Range Weather *** particular,the proposed algorithm includes the dependences of wind speed and incidence angle on cross-polarized *** accuracy of SAR-derived wind speed is around 2.10ms−1 root mean square error,which is validated against measurements from the Advanced Scatterometer onboard the metop-A/B and the buoys from the National Data Buoy Center of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric *** results obtained by the proposed algorithm considering the incidence angle in a GmF are relatively more accurate than those achieved by other *** work provides an alternative method to generate operational wind products for GF-3 SAR without relying on ancillary data for wind direction.

关键词： wind Gaofen-3 synthetic aperture radar cross-polarization

Evaluation of wave retrieval for Chinese Gaofen-3 synthetic aperture radar

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2022年第2期25卷 229-243页

作者： Weizeng Shao Xingwei Jiang Zhanfeng Sun Yuyi Hu Armando marino Youguang Zhang College of marine Sciences Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina National Satellite Ocean Application Service Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijingChina Southern marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) GuangzhouChina dNatural Sciences University of StirlingStirlingUK

The goal of this study was to investigate the performance of a spectral-transformation wave retrieval algorithm and confirm the accuracy of wave retrieval from C-band Chinese Gaofen-3(GF-3)Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)*** than 200 GF-3 SAR images of the coastal China Sea and the Japan Sea for dates from January to July 2020 were acquired in the Quad-Polarization Strip(QPS)*** images had a swath of 30 km and a spatial resolution of 8 m pixel *** were processed to retrieve Significant Wave Height(SWH),which is simulated from a numerical wave model called Simulating WAves Nearshore(SWAN).The first-guess spectrum is essential to the accuracy of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)wave spectrum ***,we proposed a wave retrieval scheme combining the theocratic-based max Planck Institute Algorithm(mPI),a Semi-Parametric Retrieval Algorithm(SPRA),and the Parameterized First-guess Spectrum method(PFSm),in which a full wave-number spectrum and a non-empirical ocean spectrum proposed by Elfouhaily are *** PFSm can be driven using the wind speed without calculating the dominant wave phase *** speeds were retrieved using a Vertical-Vertical(VV)polarized geophysical model function *** proposed algorithm was implemented for all collected SAR images.A comparison of SAR-derived wind speeds with European Center for medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECmWF)ERA-5 data showed a 1.95 m/s Root-mean-Squared Error(RmSE).The comparison of retrieved SWH with SWAN-simulated results demonstrated a 0.47 m RmSE,which is less than the 0.68 m RmSE of SWH when using the PFSm algorithm.

关键词： Wave retrieval Gaofen-3(GF-3) Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)

Addition of statins to the standard treatment in patients with cirrhosis:Safety and efficacy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第28期27卷 4639-4652页

作者： Alberto E muñoz Florencia D Pollarsky mónica marino mariano Cartier Horacio Vázquez Pablo Salgado Gustavo Romero Sección Hepatología Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr.Carlos Bonorino UdaondoFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1264Argentina Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud Pública Facultad de OdontologíaUniversidad de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1122Argentina Unidad Clínica Hospital de Gastroenterología Dr.Carlos Bonorino UdaondoInvestigador Asociado del Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires 1264Argentina

This review summarizes the safety and efficacy of statins in patients with *** to concerns about the safety of statins in patients with impaired liver function,they have recently been investigated as a potential treatment option in *** most clinically significant adverse event is statin-related myopathy,and this may be related to the high serum statin concentrations in the setting of severely impaired liver *** is the most serious and potentially life-threatening *** has recently been demonstrated that the recommended dose of simvastatin in patients with decompensated cirrhosis would be 20 mg/d because higher values,such as 40 mg/d,are associated with many adverse events,especially muscle ***,simvastatin should not be administered to patients with model for End-stage Liver Disease score>12 and/or Child-Pugh class C because of the high risk of severe muscle *** to the pleiotropic effects,the focus on statins has shifted from being considered harmful to something *** these effects,statins could prevent liver-related morbidity and mortality in cirrhotic *** studies in large populations of patients with cirrhosis have shown that treatment with statins to decrease high cholesterol levels was associated with a reduced risk of hepatic decompensation,hepatocellular carcinoma development and *** few randomized controlled trials in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension showed that statins lower portal pressure,quite likely through a reduction in hepatic *** large randomized controlled trial in patients with variceal bleeding showed that simvastatin in addition to standard of care did not prevent rebleeding but improved survival *** these encouraging outcomes,the quality of the evidence regarding the use of statins is low or very low due to the observational characteristics of most of the studies ***,it is advisable to per

关键词： Cirrhosis Liver disease Statins Safety Efficiency