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Utilizing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT)-bridged non-fullerene acceptors for efficient organic solar cells

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 194-204页

作者： Sung Jae Jeon Young Hoon Kim Ie Na Kim Nam Gyu Yang Ji hee Yun Doo Kyung Moon Nano and Information Materials(NIMs)Laboratory Department of Chemical EngineeringKonkuk University120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-guSeoul 05029South Korea Department of Academy of Applied Science and Technology Konkuk University120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-guSeoul 05029South Korea

A rational design of efficient low-band-gap non-fullerene acceptors(NFAs)for high-performance organic solar cells(OSCs)remains challenging;the main constraint being the decrease in the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals(LUMOs)as the bandgap of A-D-A-type NFAs ***,the short current density(J_(sc))and open-circuit voltage(V_(oc))result in a trade-off relationship,making it difficult to obtain efficient ***,three NFAs(IFL-ED-4 F,IDT-ED-4 F,and IDTT-ED-2 F)were synthesized to address the above-mentioned issue by introducing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene(EDOT)as aπ-*** NFAs exhibit relatively low bandgaps(1.67,1.42,and 1.49 eV,respectively)and upshifted LUMO levels(-3.88,-3.84,and-3.81 eV,respectively)compared with most reported low-band-gap ***,the photovoltaic devices based on IDT-ED-4 F blended with a PBDB-T donor polymer showed the best power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 10.4%with a high J_(sc) of 22.1 mA cm^(-2) and Voc of 0.884 V among the examined *** contrast,IDTT-ED-4 F,which was designed with an asymmetric structure of the D-p-A type,showed the lowest efficiency of 1.5%owing to the poor morphology and charge transport properties of the binary ***,when this was introduced as the third component of the PM6:BTP-BO-4 Cl,complementary absorption and cascade energy-level alignment between the two substances could be ***,the IDTT-ED-4 F-based ternary blend device not only improved the Jscand Voc,but also achieved a PCE of 15.2%,which is approximately 5.3%higher than that of the reference device with a minimized energy loss of 0.488 *** addition,the universality of IDTT-ED-2 F as a third component was effectively demonstrated in other photoactive systems,specifically,PM6:BTPe C9 and PTB7-Th:IEICO-4 *** work facilitates a better understanding of the structure–property relationship for utilizing efficient EDOT-bridged NFAs in high-performance OSC applications.

关键词： Non-fullerene acceptor 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene Organic solar cell π-bridge π-spacer

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Prevalence of extracardiac findings in the evaluation of ischemic heart disease by multidetector computed tomography

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2013年第3期10卷 242-246页

作者： Jeong-Hwan Cho Jong-Seon Park Dong-gu Shin Young-Jo Kim Sang-hee Lee Yoon-Jung Choi Ihn-Ho Cho Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Yeungnam University Hospital 170 Hyeonchungno Nam-gu Daegu 705-717 South Korea Department of Nuclear Medicine Yeungnam University Hospital 170 Hyeonchungno Nam-gu Daegu 705-717 South Korea

Objective Multidector computed tomography (MDCT) is now commonly used for the evaluation of coronary artery disease. Because MDCT images include many non-cardiac organs and the patient population evaluated is highly susceptible to extracardiac diseases, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of extracardiac findings in the MDCT evaluation of ischemic heart disease. Methods From March 2007 to March 2008, a total of six-hundred twenty patients, who underwent 64-slice MDCT evaluations for chest pain, or dyspnea, were enrolled in this study. Cardiac and non-cardiac findings were comprehensively evaluated by a radiologist. Results Enrolled patients included 306 men (49.4%), with a mean age of 66 years. Significant coronary artery stenosis was found in 41.6%of the patients. A total of 158 extracardiac findings were observed in 110 (17.7%) patients. Commonly involved extracardiac organs were lung (36.7%), hepatobiliary system (21.5%), thyroid (19.6%), kidney (10.8%), spine (9.7%) and breast (0.6%). Of those 110 patients, 50 (45.5%) patients underwent further diagnostic investigations. Malignant disease was detected in three (2.7%) patients (lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and thyroid cancer). Conclusions Extracardiac findings are frequently present and should be a concern in the MDCT evaluation of chest pain syndrome.

关键词： Computed tomography Extracardiac findings Ischemic heart disease Malignant disease

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Memory-centric neuromorphic computing for unstructured data processing

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Nano Research 2021年第9期14卷 3126-3142页

作者： Sang Hyun Sung Tae Jin Kim Hera Shin Hoon Namkung Tae Hong Im hee Seung Wang Keon Jae Lee Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST)291 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea

The unstructured data such as visual information,natural language,and human behaviors opens up a wide array of opportunities in the field of artificial intelligence(Al).The memory-centric neuromorphic computing(MNC)has been proposed for the efficient processing of unstructured data,bypassing the von Neumann bottleneck of current computing *** development of MNC would provide massively parallel processing of unstructured data,realizing the cognitive Al in edge and wearable *** this review,recent advances in memory-centric neuromorphic devices are discussed in terms of emerging nonvolatile memories,volatile switches,synaptic plasticity,neuronal models,and memristive neural network.

关键词： neuromorphic computing memory-centric memristor artificial synapses artificial neurons memristive neural network

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CO_(2)-adsorbent spongy electrode for non-aqueous Li–O_(2) batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 646-653页

作者： Yiseul Yoo Giseung Lee Min-Gi Jeong Hun-Gi Jung Sunghee Shin Dongjin Byun Taeeun Yim hee-Dae Lim Center for Energy Storage Research Korea Institute of Science and Technology(KIST)Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5Seongbuk-guSeoul 02792Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea University145 Anam-roSeongbuk-guSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Incheon National University119 Academy-roYeonsu-guIncheon 22012Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea

Regulation of the Li_(2)CO_(3) byproduct is the most critical challenge in the field of non-aqueous Li–O_(2) *** considerable efforts have been devoted to preventing Li_(2)CO_(3) formation,no approaches have suggested the ultimate solution of utilizing the clean Li_(2)O_(2) reaction instead of that of Li_(2)CO_(3).Even if extremely pure O_(2) is used in a Li–O_(2) cell,its complete elimination is impossible,eventually generating CO_(2) gas during *** this paper,we present the new concept of a CO_(2)-adsorbent spongy electrode(CASE),which is designed to trap the evolved CO_(2) using adsorption *** candidates composed of amine functional groups(–NH2)for capturing CO_(2) were screened,with quadrapurebenzylamine(QPBZA)exhibiting superior CO_(2)-adsorbing ability among the proposed ***,we fabricated the CASE by sandwiching QPBZA between porous carbon layers,which facilitated the transport of gaseous *** new electrode was demonstrated to effectively capture the evolved CO_(2) during charge,therefore altering the reaction pathways to the ideal *** is highly advantageous to mitigate the undesirable CO_(2) incorporation in the next discharge,resulting in improved *** novel concept of a CO_(2)-sponging electrode provides an alternative route to the realization of practically meaningful Li–O_(2) batteries.

关键词： Li-O_(2)battery Benzylamine CO_(2)adsorption Li_(2)CO_(3) Li_(2)O_(2) CO_(2)-sponging electrode

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Highly efficient gene silencing and bioimaging based on fluorescent carbon dots in vitro and in vivo

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Nano Research 2017年第2期10卷 503-519页

作者： Seongchan Kim Yuri Choi Ginam Park Cheolhee Won Young-Joon Park Younghoon Lee Byeong-Su Kim DaI-hee Min Center for RNA Research Institute for Basic Sciences (IBS) Department of Chemistry Seoul National University Seou108826 Republic of Korea Department of Energy Engineering and Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea Institute of Nanobio Convergence Technology Lemonex Inc. Seou108826 Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Ajou University Worldcuplo 206 Yeongtong-gu Suwon 16499 Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea

Small interfering RNA （siRNA） is an attractive therapeutic candidate for sequence- specific gene silencing to treat incurable diseases using small molecule drugs. However, its efficient intracellular delivery has remained a challenge. Here, we have developed a highly biocompatible fluorescent carbon dot （CD）, and demonstrate a functional siRNA delivery system that induces efficient gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo. We found that CD nanoparticles （NPs） enhance the cellular uptake of siRNA, via endocytosis in tumor cells, with low cytotoxicity and unexpected immune responses. Real-time study of fluorescence imaging in live cells shows that CD NPs favorably localize in cytoplasm and successfully release siRNA within 12 h. Moreover, we demonstrate that CD NP-mediated siRNA delivery significantly silences green fluorescence protein （GFP） expression and inhibits tumor growth in a breast cancer cell xenograft mouse model of tumor-specific therapy. We have developed a multifunctional siRNA delivery vehicle enabling simultaneous bioimaging and efficient downregulation of gene expression, that shows excellent potential for gene therapy.

关键词： bioimaging carbon dot gene delivery RNA interference targeted cancer therapy

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Dynamic connectedness and network in the high moments of cryptocurrency,stock,and commodity markets

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2388-2427页

作者： Waqas Hanif hee‑Un Ko Linh Pham Sang Hoon Kang CEFAGE‑Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics University of AlgarveFaroPortugal Department of Management Sciences COMSATS University IslamabadAttock CampusAttockPakistan Korea Housing and Urban guarantee Corporation BusanRepublic of Korea Economics Business and Finance DepartmentLake Forest CollegeLake ForestIL 60045USA PNU Business School Pusan National UniversityJangjeon2‑DongGeumjeong‑GuBusan 609‑735Republic of Korea

This study examines the connectedness in high-order moments between cryptocurrency,major stock(U.S.,U.K.,Eurozone,and Japan),and commodity(gold and oil)*** intraday data from 2020 to 2022 and the time and frequency connectedness models of Diebold and Yilmaz(Int J Forecast 28(1):57–66,2012)and Barunik and Křehlik(J Financ Econom 16(2):271–296,2018),we investigate spillovers among the markets in realized volatility,the jump component of realized volatility,realized skewness,and realized *** higher-order moments allow us to identify the unique characteristics of financial returns,such as asymmetry and fat tails,thereby capturing various market risks such as downside risk and tail *** results show that the cryptocurrency,stock,and commodity markets are highly connected in terms of volatility and in the jump component of volatility,while their connectedness in skewness and kurtosis is ***,jump and volatility connectedness are more persistent than that of skewness and kurtosis *** rolling-window analysis of the connectedness models shows that connectedness varies over time across all moments,and tends to increase during periods of high ***,we show the potential of gold and oil as hedging and safe-haven investments for other markets given that they are the least connected to other markets across all moments and investment *** findings provide useful information for designing effective portfolio management and cryptocurrency regulations.

关键词： Spillovers High moments High frequency Hedging

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Formation of photo-reactive heterostructure from a multicomponent amorphous alloy with atomically random distribution

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第14期109卷 245-253页

作者： Hae Jin Park hee Jin Lee Tae Kyung Kim Sung Hwan Hong Wei-Min Wang Taek Jib Choi Ki Buem Kim Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong University209 Neung dong-roGwangjin-guSeoul 05006Republic of Korea Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationShandong UniversityJinan 250061China

In this study,metallic glass is designed tunable for promising functional applications via a facile and stable,one-step *** approach about alloy design and process is based on the unique properties of the Ti-Cu-Ni-Sn metallic glass that are afforded by the varying oxygen affinities of the four constituent *** metallic glass exhibits homogeneous nucleation of oxides and uniform formation of the various metal *** alloy design and hydrothermal synthesis to customize the metallic glasses are the most critical factors that determine the characteristics of the metal oxides and the resulting nanostructures and photoelectrode *** enables the desired element to be selectively grown via a facile single-step *** results provide a promising road map for the application of metallic glasses to photoelectrochemical(PEC)solar water splitting,as well as various other new possibilities.

关键词： Metallic glass Alloy design Hydrothermal synthesis Metal oxide Water splitting

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Gene expression analysis of primary normal human hepatocytes infected with human hepatitis B virus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第31期12卷 4986-4995页

作者： Hyun Mi Ryu Sung Gyoo Park Sung Su Yea Won hee Jang Young-Il Yang guhung Jung School of Biological SciencesSeoul National University Seoul151-742Korea School of Biological Sciences and Institute of MicrobiologySeoul National University Seoul151-742Korea The Paik-Inje Memorial Institute for Biomedical ScienceInje University Pusanjin-guPusan 614-735Korea Department of PathologyCollege of Medicine Inje UniversityPaik HospitalPusan 614-735Korea

AIM： To find the relationship between hepatitis B virus （HBV） and hepatocytes during the initial state of infection by cDNA microarray. METHODS： Primary normal human hepatocytes （PNHHs） were isolated and infected with HBV. From the PNHHs, RNA was isolated and inverted into complement DNA （cDNA） with Cy3- or Cy5- labeled dUTP for microarray analysis. The labeled cDNA was hybridized with microarray chip, including 4224 cDNAs. From the image of the microarray, expression profiles were produced and some of them were confirmed by RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis, and NF-κB luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS： From the cDNA microarray, we obtained 98 differentially regulated genes. Of the 98 genes, 53 were up regulated and 45 down regulated. Interestingly, in the up regulated genes, we found the TNF signaling pathway-related genes： LT-α, TRAF2, and NIK. By using RT-PCR, we confirmed the up-regulation of these genes in HepG2, HuhT, and Chang liver cells, which were transfected with pHBV1.2x, a plasmid encoding all HBV messages. Moreover, these three genes participated in HBV- mediated NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION： During the initial state of HBV infection, hepatocytes facilitate the activation of NF-κB through up regulation of LT-α, TRAF2, and NIK.

关键词： cDNA microarray Primary normal human hepatocytes LT-α TRAF2 NIK NF-κB

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The Spirit of the Age in Mathematics and Art： The Eastern and Western Perspective Painting

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Journal of Mathematics and System Science 2014年第1期4卷 56-68页

作者： Young hee Kye Department of Early Childhood Education Kosin. University194 Wachiro Yeongdo-Gu Busan 606-701 S. Korea

Both mathematics and art consistently reflect the spirit of the age in which they arise. Consequently, the mathematics in China and in Korea during the Joseon Dynasty, in contrast to the deductive western mathematics, does not function on the basis of proving something deductively. Rather, the Chinese mathematics from this period was based upon making observations about problems by combining patterns with specific examples. In this paper, this author attempts to compare the differences in mathematics between the East and the West, and also to study the different perspectives in art between the East and the West, in order to identify the relationship between civilization, culture and the spirit of the age. This will explain the reason why the Western ＇One Point Perspective＇ had spread in China and the Chosen Dynasty, yet could not be permanently established in these countries.

关键词： Eastern mathematics Western mathematics one-point perspective culture civilization the spirit of the age

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Correlation of Microstructure and Hydrogen Delayed Fracture for 1GPa Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 252-254页

作者： hee Jae Kang Ji Tae Park Soon Tae Ahn Kyung Mox Cho Nam Hyun Kang Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 609-735Korea Samhwa Steel 339-4 Samrak-dongSasang-guBusan 617-825Korea

Automobile industry tries to reduce the weight of automobile using high-strength ***,the high-strength steels are highly susceptible to delayed-fracture caused by hydrogen *** increasing the strength,hydrogen embrittlement is more sensitive to diffusible *** mechanism of delayed-fracture and the relationship with the microstructure and alloying elements are still *** study analyzed the effect of the size and the spheroidization rate for the carbides on hydrogen-induced delayed fracture for 1GPa TS steel.

关键词： hydrogen delayed fracture microstructure spheroidization

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