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Biogreen Synthesis of Carbon Dots for Biotechnology and Nanomedicine Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2018年第4期10卷 268-313页

作者： Kok ken chan Stephanie Hui Kit Yap ken-Tye Yong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University

Over the past decade, carbon dots have ignited a burst of interest in many different fields, including nanomedicine, solar energy, optoelectronics, energy storage,and sensing applications, owing to their excellent photoluminescence properties and the easiness to modify their optical properties through doping and functionalization. In this review, the synthesis, structural and optical properties,as well as photoluminescence mechanisms of carbon dots are first reviewed and summarized. Then, we describe a series of designs for carbon dot-based sensors and the different sensing mechanisms associated with ***, we elaborate on recent research advances on carbon dot-based sensors for the selective and sensitive detection of a wide range of analytes, including heavy metals, cations, anions, biomolecules, biomarkers,nitroaromatic explosives, pollutants, vitamins, and ***, we provide a concluding perspective on the overall status, challenges, and future directions for the use of carbon dots in real-life sensing.

关键词： Carbon dots Heavy metal sensing Photoluminescence mechanism Sensing mechanism Sensor design

Biodegradable nanocarriers for small interfering ribonucleic acid （siRNA） co-delivery strategy increase the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine

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Nano Research 2017年第9期10卷 3049-3067页

作者： Chengbin Yang Kok ken chan Wen-Jen Lin Alana Mauluidy Soehartono Guimiao Lin Huiting Toh Ho Sup Yoon Chih-Kuang Chen ken-Tye Yong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Polymeric Biomaterials Lab Department of Fiber and Composite Materials Feng Chia University Taichung 40724 Taiwan China Key Lab of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Division of Structural Biology & Biochemistry School of Biological Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798Singapore Department of Genetic Engineering College of Life Sciences Kyung Hee University Yongin-si Gyeonggi-do 446701 Republic of Korea

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference (RNAi) therapies are promising cancer treatment modalities that can specifically target abnormal proto-oncogenes, thus improving the therapeutic effect. For the treatment of pancreatic cancer, targeting one mutant proto-oncogene by RNAi usually does not yield the desired therapeutic efficiency. Both K-ras gene mutations and Notch1 overexpression are common symptoms in pancreatic cancer patients, and play a crucial role in pancreatic cancer cell drug resistance. In this study, biodegradable charged polyester-based vectors (BCPVs) were synthesized for the co-delivery of K-ras and Notch1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) into MiaPaCa-2 cells (pancreatic cancer cell line) to overcome drug resistance to gemcitabine (GEM), a first-line chemotherapeutic drug used in the clinic. BCPVs could effectively absorb negative siRNA to form a capsule-like structure, prevent siRNA from nuclease digestion in the serum, and promote effective siRNA cell internalization and endosomal escape. Through K-ras and Notch1 gene silencing in MiaPaCa-2 cells, BCPV-siRNAK-ras-siRNANotch1 nanocomplexes effectively reversed the epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in MiaPaCa-2 cells, thereby greatly enhancing the sensitivity of MiaPaCa-2 cells to GEM. MiaPaCa-2 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were effectively inhibited, and cell apoptosis was also significantly enhanced by the synergistic antitumor effect of BCPV-siRNAK-ras-siRNANotch1 nanocomplexes and GEM. These results suggest that this combination RNAi therapy can be used to improve cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. Specifically, this newly developed strategy has a great potential for treating pancreatic cancer.

关键词： pancreatic cancer small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) biodegradable charged polyester-based vector (BCPV) gemcitabine (GEM) epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT)

New aspects of a small GTPase RAB35 in brain development and function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1971-1980页

作者： Ikuko Maejima ken Sato Laboratory of Molecular Traffic Institute for Molecular and Cellular RegulationGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan

In eukaryotic cells,organelles in the secretory,lysosomal,and endocytic pathways actively exchange biological materials with each other through intracellular membrane trafficking,which is the process of transporting the cargo of proteins,lipids,and other molecules to appropriate compartments via transport vesicles or *** processes are strictly regulated by various small GTPases such as the RAS-like in rat brain(RAB)protein family,which is the largest subfamily of the RAS *** of membrane trafficking affects tissue homeostasis and leads to a wide range of diseases,including neurological disorders and neurodegenerative ***,it is important to understand the physiological and pathological roles of RAB proteins in brain ***35,a member of the RAB family,is an evolutionarily conserved protein in metazoans.A wide range of studies using cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have revealed that RAB35 mediates various processes such as cytokinesis,endocytic recycling,actin bundling,and cell ***35 is also involved in neurite outgrowth and turnover of synaptic *** generated brain-specific Rab35 knockout mice to study the physiological roles of RAB35 in brain development and *** mice exhibited defects in anxiety-related behaviors and spatial ***,RAB35 is required for the precise positioning of pyramidal neurons during hippocampal development,and thereby for normal hippocampal *** contrast,layer formation in the cerebral cortex occurred superficially,even in the absence of RAB35,suggesting a predominant role for RAB35 in hippocampal development rather than in cerebral cortex *** studies have suggested an association between RAB35 and neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's *** this review,we provide an overview of the current understanding of subcellular functions of *** also provide insights into the phys

关键词： endocytosis endosomes hippocampal development neurodegenerative diseases RAB35

Exploring the novel role of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in phagocytosis:beyond myelinogenesis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 473-474页

作者： Gen Hamanaka ken Arai Neuroprotection Research Laboratories Departments of Radiology and NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA

Roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the central nervous system:Oligodendrocyte precursor cells(OPCs)have long been recognized for their critical role as precursors to oligodendrocytes,the primary myelin-producing *** precursors,OPCs mature and differentiate into oligodendrocytes,which contribute significantly to the formation of myelin sheaths around *** myelination,which is critical for the conduction of salutatory nerve impulses in the cerebral white matter,underscores the classical role of oligodendrocytes in central nervous system(CNS)***,because oligodendrocytes are differentiated cells that cannot proliferate.

关键词： critical system conduction

Icaritin Protects Cardiomyocytes from Oxidative Stress-induced Cell Injury Through Akt-Nrf2-HO-1 and Calcium Signaling Pathways

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Icaritin Protects Cardiomyocytes from Oxidative Stress-induc...

MixerKT:A Knowledge Tracing Model Based on Pure MLP Architecture

第十四届全国中药和天然药物学术研讨会

作者： Si Wan Lei Guozhen Cui Judy Yuet Wa chan Sharon Chui Wah Luk ken Kwok Keung chan Ronald Adolphus Li Liang Wang Gail B.Mahady George Pak Heng Leung Simon Ming Yuen Lee University of Macau The University of Hong Kong University of Illinois at Chicago

＜正＞Icaritin,a prenylflavonoid isolated from Herbal Epimedii,is well known for its osteoplastic and anti-tumor ***,we aimed to investigate the protective effects of icaritin against oxidative stress-induced cell injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes and human embryonic stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes（hESC-CMs）.We found that icaritin pretreatment significantly

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 485-498页

作者： Jun Wang Mingjie Wang Zijie Li ken Chen Jiatian Mei Shu Zhang Key Laboratory of Education Informatization for Nationalities Ministry of EducationYunnan Normal UniversityKunming650000China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Smart Education Yunnan Normal UniversityKunming650000China

In the field of intelligent education,the integration of artificial intelligence,especially deep learning technologies,has garnered significant *** tracing(KT)plays a pivotal role in this field by predicting students’future performance through the analysis of historical interaction data,thereby assisting educators in evaluating knowledgemastery and tailoring instructional *** knowledge tracingmethods,largely based on Recurrent Neural Networks(RNNs)and Transformer models,primarily focus on capturing long-term interaction patterns in sequential ***,these models may neglect crucial short-term dynamics and other relevant *** paper introduces a novel approach to knowledge tracing by leveraging a pure Multilayer Perceptron(MLP)*** proposeMixerKT,a knowledge tracing model based on theHyperMixer framework,which uniquely integrates global and localMixer feature *** architecture enables more effective extraction of both long-terminteraction trends and recent learning behaviors,addressing limitations in currentmodels thatmay overlook these key *** evaluations on twowidely-used datasets,ASSIS Tments2009 and Algebra2005,demonstrate that MixerKT consistently outperforms several state-of-the-art models,including DKT,SAKT,and Separated Self-Attentive Neural Knowledge Tracing(SAINT).Specifically,MixerKT achieves higher prediction accuracy,highlighting its effectiveness in capturing the nuances of learners’knowledge *** results indicate that our model provides a more comprehensive representation of student learning patterns,enhancing the ability to predict future performance with greater precision.

关键词： Knowledge tracing multilayer perceptron channel mixer sequence mixer

Local charge neutrality condition,Fermi level and majority carrier density of a semiconductor with multiple localized multi-level intrinsic/impurity defects

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第11期32卷 1-8页

作者： ken K.Chin Department of Physics and Apollo CdTe Solar Energy Research Center New Jersey Institute of Technology Department of Photonic and Information Engineering School of Electronic and Information EngineeringBeihang University

For semiconductors with localized intrinsic/impurity defects, intentionally doped or unintentionally incorporated, that have multiple transition energy levels among charge states, the general formulation of the local charge neutrality condition is given for the determination of the Fermi level and the majority carrier density. A graphical method is used to illustrate the solution of the problem. Relations among the transition energy levels of the multi-level defect are derived using the graphical method. Numerical examples are given for p-doping of the CdTe thin film used in solar panels and semi-insulating Si to illustrate the relevance and importance of the issues discussed in this work.

关键词： multi-level defects defect complex intrinsic impurity semiconductor Fermi level majority carrier density

Approximate graphical method of solving Fermi level and majority carrier density of semiconductors with multiple donors and multiple acceptors

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Journal of Semiconductors 2011年第6期32卷 1-6页

作者： ken K.Chin Department of Physics and Apollo CdTe Solar Energy Research Center New Jersey Institute of Technology

We present a generic approximate graphical method for determining the equilibrium Fermi level and majority carrier density of a semiconductor with multiple donors and multiple acceptors compensating each other. Simple and easy-to-follow procedures of the graphical method are *** graphically plotting two wrapping step functions facing each other,one for the positive hole-ionized donor and one for the negative electron-ionized acceptor,we have the crossing point that renders the Fermi level and majority carrier *** the graphical method,new equations are derived,such as the carrier compensation proportional to N;/N;,not the widely quoted N;-N;.Visual insight is offered to view not only the result of graphic determination of Fermi level and majority carrier density but also the dominant and critical pair of donors and acceptors in *** graphical method presented in this work will help to guide the design,adjustment,and improvement of the multiply doped *** of this approximate graphical method with previous work on compensation,and with some experimental results,is *** work in the field is proposed.

关键词： doping compensation Fermi level carrier density graphical method ionization

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Cr4Mo4V Steel Treated by PIII Carbonitriding

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稀有金属材料与工程 2012年第S1期41卷 176-179页

作者： ken Yukimura Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001China

The composition and structure of PIII(plasma immersion ion implantation)carbonitrided Cr4Mo4V steel were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),optical microscopy(OM)and *** results indicate that the nitride and carbide are dispersion phase precipitation and except formation of compound other implantation atoms dissolve into martensite *** total concentration of carbon and nitrogen is about 30 at%near the surface,and still keeps at about 20 at%even at the depth of 8μ*** effect of treatment temperature,implantation time and ratio of N2 to CH4 on the hardness and wear resistance of carbonitrided layer are *** is found that the hardness of Cr4Mo4V steel increases after *** highest hardness of samples is 22.3 GPa,which is about 1.8 times than initial *** dry-wear resistance of the samples is also improved after treatment,and the sample with higher hardness shows the better wear resistance.

关键词： Cr4Mo4V steel PBII carbonitriding hardness wear resistance