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面向风险世界的科学——美国地质调查局风险研究与应用计划

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世界地震译丛 2020年第6期51卷 591-647页

作者： J.w.Godt N.G.Plant N.Luco T.A.koenig k.w.hudnut D.k.Davis P.R.Bright 司政亚(译) 姜丛(译) 王骞(译) 高孟潭(校) 蒋长胜(校) 不详北京市地震局中国地震局地球物理研究所

自然灾害(包括地震、海啸、火山喷发、滑坡、飓风、干旱、洪水、山火、地磁暴和流行病)会在灾害事件发生后的数年内给人类社区、经济和自然资源造成破坏。灾害能夺去生命,造成数十亿美元的房屋和基础设施损坏、经济活动损失以及威胁国... 详细信息

自然灾害(包括地震、海啸、火山喷发、滑坡、飓风、干旱、洪水、山火、地磁暴和流行病)会在灾害事件发生后的数年内给人类社区、经济和自然资源造成破坏。灾害能夺去生命,造成数十亿美元的房屋和基础设施损坏、经济活动损失以及威胁国家安全。灾害还可能对环境、社会、经济和健康造成不利影响,其影响范围远超直接作用区域,甚至波及全球。人口增长、气候和城市化的变化可能加剧灾害影响。由于灾害事件的潜在危害性,减轻社会重要资产的灾害损失风险是包括决策者、社区成员、应急管理者、资源管理者、公用设施运营者、企业家、规划制定人员在内的所有人的当务之急。利益相关者需要获取有效的、以用户为中心的信息以支持决策,以更具适应性和成本效益的方式,规划一个能够对突发事件及时应对和具备韧弹性的未来。为满足这一需求,需要最大限度地利用环境监测、灾害科学,以及对传播、社会压力和人类行为的研究,以决策者和公众均可理解的形式提供风险信息。为实现这一目标,科学家和利益相关者必须合作,利用技术进步来改善信息获取和传播的效果,同时利用可付诸实践的见解、研究、产品和工具来满足社区需求。美国地质调查局风险研究与应用计划科学界对风险研究与应用的新需求、日益增长的公众期望和技术进步的共同作用,为美国地质调查局(USGS)创造了利用科学数据与相关研究增强国家应对灾害和备灾能力上做出贡献的机会。USGS制定了有关加强能力建设的计划,以促进发布更具可操作性的减轻风险信息的能力提升。尽管该计划主要针对USGS的科研人员、管理人员和领导层,但它也确定了与外部从事减轻风险的合作伙伴的新合作机会。USGS的风险研究与应用包括危险性评估、可操作性预测和预警、脆弱性评估、风险评估、风险沟通、决策支持系统以及灾后评估。USGS风险研究与应用的目标是提供分析基础,决策者可以在此基础上整合信息、资产、能力和优先级,以做出基于科学的决策。开发USGS风险产品是一个反复的过程,它依赖于USGS的三个核心能力:(1)合作伙伴的参与和拓展;(2)研究;(3)工具及产品开发。USGS的物理学家、社会学家、分析师、工程师、程序员、通讯和公共事务专家以及管理者,都对以上三个核心能力做出了相应的贡献。值得注意的是,USGS注重与合作伙伴在研究、产品开发、产品评估等信息传递环节保持紧密联系,以便能够向合作伙伴提供支撑信息、制定可行的减轻风险的决策。计划目标该计划旨在发起和运行一个专注于风险研究与应用的实践社群,以改善整个USGS的内部沟通、协作和资源共享。实践社群将允许USGS的科学家和工作人员参与整体的风险研究与应用(跨任务区、项目和科学中心),以克服现有的地理和学科合作障碍。重要的是,该计划为确保风险研究与应用得到优先支持并纳入USGS的工作机制提供了具体的建议。建议的内容涵盖了从连接和协调USGS的专业技术和资源的新途径,到培训、指导以及定期召集科学家和利益相关者进行产品开发等多个环节。这些建议还关注了在专业技术、产品交付和扩大信息技术能力等领域中的能力提升需求。在整个计划中,采用案例研究的方式强调了USGS的风险研究与应用是如何采用有意义的方式与利益相关者建立联系、利用现有投资、克服挑战并抓住机遇。一系列新的项目构思,设计了如何将该计划的目标体现在未来的投资中,包括在社区、区域和国家框架下评估多种灾害和风险的工具、公共土地风险评估,以及用于提高对具有多重后果事件的态势感知的产品。该计划以《美国地质调查局自然灾害科学战略—促进国家安全、保障和经济福祉》(Holmes and others,2013)战略研究报告中所述的优先事项为基础,特别关注了灾害危险性与社会价值相互作用的风险。这项工作的目标不是让USGS从事风险研究与应用的科学家和工作人员替合作伙伴做出决策。相反,USGS的科学家和工作人员应充当听众、传达者、协助者和科学指导的角色,通过提供客观和公正的科学知识来改善灾害对动态世界的社会影响。

关键词：美国地质调查局危险性评估灾害事件火山喷发利益相关者地磁暴实践社群产品交付

A Dynamic Network Game of the Fintech Industry

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2024年第1期12卷 5-33页

作者： David w.k.Yeung Leon A.Petrosyan Ying-Xuan Zhang SRS Consortium for Advanced Study in Cooperative Dynamic Games Shue Yan UniversityHong KongChina Center of Game Theory St Petersburg State UniversitySaint PetersburgRussia Department of Finance Asia UniversityTaichung CityTaiwanChina Faculty of Applied Mathematics-Control Processes and Center of Game Theory St Petersburg StateUniversitySaint PetersburgRussia

Economies of scale,economies of scope,and technology spillover are decisive eco-nomic elements that are crucial to the development in the Fintech *** externalities are often realized through network *** this paper,we presenta dynamic network ofﬁnancialﬁrms which exhibits these decisive *** game equilibria are characterized.A Pareto efﬁcient solution involving col-laboration of allﬁrms is *** obtain a fair-share distribution of cooperativegains,the Shapley value is adopted as the sharing *** distributionmechanisms which guarantee the fulﬁlment of the Shapley value distribution in eachstage of the cooperation duration are derived.

关键词： Network game Network equilibria Shapley value Pareto efﬁcientcooperation

Detecting fake reviewers in heterogeneous networks of buyers and sellers:a collaborative training-based spammer group algorithm

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Cybersecurity 2024年第2期7卷 44-67页

作者： Qi Zhang Zhixiang Liang Shujuan Ji Benyong Xing Dickson k.w.Chiu Shandong Provincial key Laboratory of wisdom Mine Information Technology Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266590ShandongChina Zhejang University-University of linois at Urbana-Champaign Institute Haining 314499ZhejiangChina School of Civil Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Faculty of Education The University of Hong KongPok Fu LamHong KongChina

It is not uncommon for malicious sellers to collude with fake reviewers(also called spammers)to write fake reviews for multiple products to either demote competitors or promote their products'reputations,forming a gray industry *** detect spammer groups in a heterogeneous network with rich semantic information from both buyers and sellers,researchers have conducted extensive research using Frequent Item Mining-based and graph-based ***,these methods cannot detect spammer groups with cross-product attacks and do not jointly consider structural and attribute features,and structure-attribute correlation,resulting in poorer detection ***-fore,we propose a collaborative training-based spammer group detection algorithm by constructing a heterogene-ous induced sub-network based on the target product set to detect cross-product attack spammer *** jointly consider all available features,we use the collaborative training method to learn the feature representations of *** addition,we use the DBSCAN clustering method to generate candidate groups,exclude innocent ones,and rank them to obtain spammer *** experimental results on real-world datasets indicate that the overall detection performance of the proposed method is better than that of the baseline methods.

关键词： Spammer group Heterogeneous network Collaborative training DBSCAN

The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： k.D.küntz D.koutroumpa w.R.Dunn A.Foster F.S.Porter D.G.Sibeck B.walsh The Henry A.Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance Department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

while we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).with a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global ***’s strength is its spectral *** will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar wind abundances

Reduction of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord following repetitive blast-induced traumatic brain injury in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1548-1552页

作者： Shigeharu Tsuda Mustafa Golam Jiamei Hou kevin k.w.wang Floyd J.Thompson Prodip Bose Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterNorth Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health SystemGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Anesthesiology College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Emergency Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Neuroscience University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Neurology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Traumatic brain inju ry-induced unfavorable outcomes in human patients have independently been associated with dysregulated levels of monoamines,especially epinephrine,although few preclinical studies have examined the epinephrine level in the central nervous system after traumatic brain *** has been shown to regulate the activities of spinal motoneurons as well as increase the heart rate,blood pressure,and blood flow to the hindlimb ***,the purpose of the present study was to determine the impact of repeated blast-induced traumatic brain injury on the epinephrine levels in seve ral function-s pecific central nervous system regions in *** three repeated blast injuries at 3-day intervals,the hippocampus,motor cortex,locus coeruleus,vestibular nuclei,and lumbar spinal cord were harvested at post-injury day eight and processed for epinephrine assays using a high-sensitive electrochemical detector cou pled with high-performance liquid *** results showed that the epinephrine levels were significantly decreased in the lumbar spinal cord tissues of blast-induced traumatic brain injury animals compared to the levels detected in age-and sex-matched sham *** other function-specific central nervous system regions,although the epinephrine levels were slightly altered following blast-induced tra u matic brain injury,they were not statistically *** results suggest that blast injury-induced significant downregulation of epinephrine in the lumbar spinal cord could negatively impact the motor and cardiovascular *** is the first repo rt to show altered epinephrine levels in the spinal cord following repetitive mild blast-induced traumatic brain injury.

关键词： balance blood flow cardiovascular system central nervous system epinephrine ischemic damage lumbar spinal cord muscle tone repeated blast spasticity traumatic brain injury

Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren Tan Mary C.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad kelvin w.Z.Loh Tuck wah Soong Jason k.w.Lee Ivan C.C.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential Translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance Centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(T_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(T_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:T_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in T_(re).with the development of hyperthermia,T_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising T_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(T_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both T_(re)and T_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates T_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity Cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

Aqueous-phase reforming of hydroxyacetone solution to bio-based H_(2)over supported Pt catalysts

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Green Energy & Environment 2024年第4期9卷 777-788页

作者： A.k.k.Vikla k.koichumanova Songbo He k.Seshan Joint International Research Laboratory of Circular Carbon Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente7500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands CoRe Pro 9723 BL GroningenThe Netherlands

Aqueous-phase reforming(APR)is an attractive process to produce bio-based hydrogen from waste biomass streams,during which the catalyst stability is often challenged due to the harsh reaction *** this work,three Pt-based catalysts supported on C,AlO(OH),and ZrO_(2)were investigated for the APR of hydroxyacetone solution in afixed bed reactor at 225℃and 35 *** them,the Pt/C catalyst showed the highest turnover frequency for H_(2)production(TOF of 8.9 molH_(2)molPt^(-1)min^(-1))and the longest catalyst *** the AlO(OH)and ZrO_(2)supported Pt catalysts,the side reactions consuming H_(2),formation of coke,and Pt sintering result in a low H_(2)production and the fast catalyst *** proposed reaction pathways suggest that a promising APR catalyst should reform all oxygenates in the aqueous phase,minimize the hydrogenation of the oxygenates,maximize the wGS reaction,and inhibit the condensation and coking reactions for maximizing the hydrogen yield and a stable catalytic performance.

关键词： APR Hydroxyacetone TOF Bio-based H_(2) Support effect

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms as predictors of erectile dysfunction in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 280-285页

作者： Gede w.k.Duarsa Yeremia G.kusumah Ronald Sugianto Pande M.w.Tirtayasa Tjokorda G.B.Mahadewa Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Department of General Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia Medical Doctor Study Program Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaBaliIndonesia Department of Urology Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaUniversitas Udayana Teaching HospitalBaliIndonesia Department of Neurosurgery Faculty of MedicineUniversitas UdayanaProf.Dr.I.G.N.G Ngoerah General HospitalBaliIndonesia

Objective: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition of insufficient penile erection, consistently or recurrently, for sexual activity. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) induces transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which causes the transition of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells that affect ED. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of TNF-α, TGF-β, degree of lower urinary tract symptoms, and prostatic volume for the presence of ED in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) ***: Our study performed an analytic observational retrospective cohort study using secondary data from four hospitals in Bali, Indonesia, including medical records and other administrative data. The sample was BPH patients with several history ***: Our sample was 83 respondents, ranging from 50 years to 80 years, 61 respondents with ED and 22 with non-ED. The International Prostate Symptom Score showed a significant result, which indicates that ED is more common in patients with higher International Prostate Symptom Score (p=0.002). Moreover, the TNF-α of ≥43.9 pg/mg and TGF-β of ≥175.8 pg/mL were significantly associated with the presence of ED in BPH patients (pwith ED (p=0.947).Conclusion: TNF-α, TGF-β, and lower urinary tract symptoms severity can predict the occurrence of ED in BPH, while prostatic volume was not significant.

关键词： Prostate enlargement Biomarker Erectiledysfunction Riskfactor

Superexchange and charge transfer in the nickelate superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) under pressure

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第11期67卷 1-8页

作者： wéi wú Zhihui Luo Dao-Xin Yao Meng wang Center for Neutron Science and Technology Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and DevicesSchool of PhysicsSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275China

Recently, a bulk nickelate superconductor La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) is discovered at pressures with a remarkable high transition temperature T_(c)~ 80 k. Here, we study a Hubbard model with tight-binding parameters derived from ab initio calculations of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7),by employing large scale determinant quantum Monte Carlo and cellular dynamical mean-field theory. Our result suggests that the superexchange couplings in this system are comparable to that of cuprates. The system is a charge transfer insulator as the hole concentration becomes four per site at large Hubbard U. Upon hole doping, two low-energy spin-singlet bands emerge in the system exhibiting distinct correlation properties: while the one composed of the out-of-plane Ni-d_(3z^(2)-r^(2)) and O-p_(z) orbitals demonstrates strong antiferromagnetic correlations and narrow effective bandwidth, the in-plane singlet band consisting of the Ni-d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) and O-p_(x)/p_(y) orbitals is in general more itinerant. Over a broad range of hole doping, the doped holes occupy primarily the d_(x^(2)-y^(2)) and p_(x)/p_(y) orbitals, whereas the d_(3z^(2)-r^(2)) and p_(z) orbitals retain underdoped. we propose an effective t-J model to capture the relevant physics and discuss the implications of our result for comprehending the La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7) superconductivity.

关键词： superconductivity nickelate superconductors Hubbard model superexchange charge transfer insulator quantum Monte Carlo