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Cell transplantation to replace retinal ganglion cells faces challenges-the Switchboard Dilemma

Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1138-1143页

作者： Yuan Liu Richard k.lee Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

The mammalian retina displays incomplete intrinsic regenerative capacities;therefore,retina degeneration is a major cause of irreversible blindness such as glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration and diabetic *** diseases lead to the loss of retinal cells and serious vision loss in the late *** cell transplantation is a great promising novel treatment for these incurable retinal degenerative diseases and represents an exciting area of regenerative *** suitable stem cell sources for transplantation including human embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells have been identified as promising target ***,the retina is an elegant neuronal complex composed of various types of cells with different *** replacement of these different types of cells by transplantation should be addressed *** far,retinal pigment epithelium transplantation has achieved the most advanced stage of clinical trials,while transplantation of retinal neurons such as retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors has been mostly studied in pre-clinical animal *** this review,we opine on the key problems that need to be addressed before stem cells transplantation,especially for replacing injured retinal ganglion cells,may be used practically for treatment.A key problem we have called the Switchboard Dilemma is a major block to have functional retinal ganglion cell *** use the public switchboard telephone network as an example to illustrate different difficulties for replacing damaged components in the retina that allow for visual *** ganglion cell transplantation is confronted by significant hurdles,because retinal ganglion cells receive signals from different interneurons,integrate and send signals to the correct targets of the visual system,which functions similar to the switchboard in a telephone network-therefore the Switchboard Dilemma.

关键词： cell transplantation optic nerve regeneration photoreceptors retina degeneration retinal ganglion cells stem cells

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Neuro-rejuvenation for neuronal function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第10期11卷 1560-1563页

作者： Yuan Liu Richard k.lee Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami School of Medicine

Neurodegenerative eye diseases, such as glaucoma, cause irreversible vision loss in millions of patients worldwide, creating serious medical, economic and social issues. Like other mammalian central nervous system tracts, optic nerve intrinsically lacks the capacity for axonal growth and its surrounding environment is also non-permissive to regeneration. Any axonal damage also triggers a vicious cycle of retinal ganglion cell （RGC） death. Exploring methods that can enhance RGCs survival and promote axonal regeneration will not only enable vision restoration for millions of patients, but also shed light on the treatment of other neurodegenerative diseases. In this review article, we will go through three current approaches to cure neu- rodegenerative eye diseases, including cell based therapy, neuro-regeneration and neuro-rejuvenation.

关键词： neurogenerative eye disease stem cell therapy neuro-regeneration neuro-rejuvenation recoveryof vision function

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Analogous Systems Principles and Concepts of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Congruence Couple Therapy

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2020年第1期3卷 22-28页

作者： Bonnie k.lee Faculty of Health Sciences University of LethbridgeLethbridgeAlbertaCanada

This article explicates the analogous principles and concepts between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and congruence couple therapy(CCT).Although originating out of vastly different times and places,TCM and CCT share a view of health based on systems understanding to facilitate the interconnections of the parts of an organism rather than focusing on eliminating *** approaches aim to release Qi(气)and vitality by removing blockages through adjusting the interactions,adaptation,and balance of multiple elements and Yin‑Yang *** goal is to liberate the Qi or life force through improved holistic balance and *** TCM focuses on interventions at the level of the body,CCT focuses on the attention,awareness,acknowledgement,and alignment of the four human dimensions consisting of the intrapsychic,interpersonal,intergenerational,and universal‑*** light of the current trend toward increasing mental,substance use,and neurological disorders,in particular among countries of middle and low income,dialogue to explore these compatibilities between TCM and CCT is conducive to the continuous evolution of TCM and Western therapies to address not only physical health but also the exigencies of contemporary addiction and mental health care within a mind–body relationship matrix.

关键词： Addictive disorder congruence couple therapy family therapy mental disorder substance use systemic therapy traditional Chinese medicine Yin‑Yang(阴阳)

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Optimization of Mass Bleed Control for Base Drag Reduction of Supersonic Flight Bodies

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Journal of Thermal Science 2006年第3期15卷 206-212页

作者： Y.-k.lee H.-D.kim School of Mechanical Engineering Andong National University388 Songcheon-dongAndong760-749Korea

The minimization of base drag using mass bleed control is examined in consideration of various base to orifice exit area ratios for a body of revolution in the Mach 2.47 freestream Axisymmetric, compressible, rmss-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved using the standard k-ω model, a fully implicit finite volume scheme, and a second order upwind scheme. Base flow charcteristics are explained mgaarding the base configuration as well as the injection parameter which is defined as the mass flow rate of bleed jet non-dimensionalized by the product of the base area and fieestream mass flux. The results obtained through the present study show that for a smaller base area, the optimum mass bleed condition leading to minimum base drag occurs at relatively larger mass bleed, and a lalger orifice exit can offer better drag control.

关键词： base drag mass bleed drag reduction separation supersonic flow

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Comparison of Velocity Shear with Turbulence Reduction Driven by Biasing in a Simple Cylindrical Slab Plasma

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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第4期12卷 391-396页

作者： k.W.GENTLE k.LIAO k.lee W.L.ROWAN Institute of Fusion Studies University of Texas at Austin

In an experimental realization of the sheared cylindrical slab, the level of plasma turbulence is strongly reduced by application of a sufficient bias potential difference in the radial direction. Density fluctuation levels △nrms/n decrease by more than a factor of five. The ion flow velocity profile is measured spectroscopically from the Doppler shift of an argon ion line. Comparison of the shearing rates with the turbulent amplitudes as a function of bias show no relation between the shearing rate and turbulence reduction, contrary to expectations.

关键词： turbulence suppression shear stabilization velocity shear bias

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Macrophage depletion and Schwann cell transplantation reduce cyst size after rat contusive spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第4期13卷 684-691页

作者： Yee-Shuan lee Lucy H.Funk Jae k.lee Mary Bartlett Bunge The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Neurological Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Department of Cell Biology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Schwann cell transplantation is a promising therapy for the treatment of spinal cord injury（SCI） and is currently in clinical *** our continuing efforts to improve Schwann cell transplantation strategies,we sought to determine the combined effects of Schwann cell transplantation with macrophage *** macrophages are major inflammatory contributors to the acute spinal cord injury,and are the major phagocytic cells,we hypothesized that transplanting Schwann cells after macrophage depletion will improve cell survival and integration with host tissue after *** test this hypothesis,rat models of contusive SCI at thoracic level 8 were randomly subjected to macrophage depletion or *** rat subjected to macrophage depletion,liposomes filled with clodronate were intraperitoneally injected at 1,3,6,11,and 18 days post *** not subjected to macrophage depletion were intraperitoneally injected with liposomes filled with phosphate buffered *** cells were transplanted 1 week post injury in all *** dextran amine（BDA） was injected at thoracic level 5 to evalute axon *** Basso,Beattie,and Bresnahan locomotor test,Gridwalk test,and sensory test using von Frey filaments were performed to assess functional *** was used to detect glial fibrillary acidic protein,neurofilament,and green fluorescent protein（GFP）,and also to visulize BDA-labelled *** GFP labeled Schwann cell and cyst and lesion volumes were quantified using stained *** numbers of BDA-positive axons were also *** 8 weeks after Schwann cell transplantation,there was a significant reduction in cyst and lesion volumes in the combined treatment group compared to Schwann cell transplantation *** changes were not associated,however,with improved Schwann cell survival,axon growth,or locomotor *** combining Schwann cell transplantation with macrophage depletion does improve histopathology of the in

关键词： Schwann cell Iiposome clodrosome clodronate axon regeneration Schwann cell survival neuroprotection glial scar cyst cell transplantation

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The role of monocytes in optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1666-1671页

作者： Xiangxiang Liu Yuan Liu Mohamed M.khodeiry Richard k.lee Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Monocytes,including monocyte-derived macrophages and resident microglia,mediate many phases of optic nerve injury *** microglia respond first,followed by infiltrating macrophages which regulate neuronal inflammation,cell proliferation and differentiation,scar formation and tissue remodeling following optic nerve ***,microglia and macrophages have distinct functions which can be either beneficial or detrimental to the optic nerve depending on the spatial context and temporal sequence of their *** divergent effects are attributed to pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines expressed by monocytes,crosstalk between monocyte and glial cells and even microglia-macrophage *** this review,we describe the dynamics and functions of microglia and macrophages in neuronal inflammation and regeneration following optic nerve injury,and their possible role as therapeutic targets for axonal regeneration.

关键词： fibrotic scar glial scar inflammation macrophage microglia optic nerve injury regeneration

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Surgical management of uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第6期13卷 935-940页

作者： Abdelrahman M.Elhusseiny Richard k.lee William E.Smiddy Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology Kasr Al-AinySchool of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 12611Egypt

AIM:To report outcomes of patients after intraocular lens(IOL)repositioning or exchange for the version of the uveitisglaucoma-hyphema(UGH)syndrome that does not include closed loop anterior chamber IOL(nUGH).METHODS:Chart review of patients with nUGH who underwent IOL repositioning or exchange by one surgeon were *** main outcome measures were best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)as a decimal fraction preoperatively and postoperatively after IOL repositioning or *** findings evaluated included the presence of uveitis,hyphema,elevated intraocular pressure(IOP),and other complications such as pigment dispersion or vitreous *** number of anti-inflammatory and glaucoma medications were assessed before and after IOL repositioning or ***:The study included 14 pseudophakic *** median time at the onset of contemporary UGH after cataract extraction and IOL implantation(CE/IOL)was7.5 *** repositioning or exchange was performed at a mean duration of 8.1±4.7 mo(median:4 mo)after onset of *** mean BCVA was improved from 0.45±0.26 preoperatively after onset of UGH syndrome to 0.76±0.22(P=0.016)after IOL repositioning or *** the14 eyes,uveitis,elevated IOP,and hyphema were present preoperatively in 13,13,and 6 eyes,*** and hyphema resolved in all cases after IOL *** mean IOP was reduced from 26.4±4.5 mm Hg preoperatively to 14.7±4.9 postoperatively(P=0.01).The mean number of glaucoma medications used was reduced from 1.7±1.1 medications preoperatively to 0.8±1.08(P=0.04)***:IOL repositioning or exchange is an effective treatment in many cases for medically resistant contemporary UGH syndrome.

关键词： intraocular lens complications secondary glaucoma vitrectomy

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Casein kinase signaling in axon regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第2期11卷 210-211页

作者： Nagi G.Ayad Jae k.lee Vance P.Lemmon The Center for Therapeutic Innovation The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Miami The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Miami

Recent studies suggest that cell cycle pathways may contain therapeutic targets important for *** example of this is the finding that the vertebrate cell cycle exploits proteolysis pathways,yet these activities persist in fully differentiated cells that have exited the cell cycle such as *** have known for some time that a ubiquitin ligase.

关键词： APC Casein kinase signaling in axon regeneration

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Generation of dynamically perfused functional vascular network system within hydrogel using3D bio-printing technology

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医用生物力学 2013年第S1期28卷 9-11页

作者： Vivian k.lee Seung-Schik Yoo Peter Vincent Guohao Dai Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical School Center for Cardiovascular Sciences Albany Medical College

Introduction:3D bio-printing technology[1-3]（Figure 1）capable of dispensing live cells,soluble factors,and phase-changing hydrogel in a desired pattern,has great potential in creating 3D ***,maintaining the viability of a thick tissue structure during tissue growth and maturation is challenging due to lack of adequate vascular *** a simple tissue model with

关键词： hydrogel printing perfusion dynamically challenging viability maintaining desired thick capable

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