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Grass Cover Influences Hydrophysical Parameters and Heterogeneity of Water Flow in a Sandy Soil

Pedosphere 2011年第6期21卷 719-729页

作者： L.LICHNER D.J.ELDRIDGE k.schacht N.ZHUkOVA L.HOLkO M.íR J.PECHO Institute of Hydrology Slovak Academy of Sciences Department of Environment Climate Change and Water School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South Wales Geography Department Ruhr-University BochumUniversitaetsstrasse M.Nodia Institute of Geophysics Institute of Hydrodynamics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of Atmospheric Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic

Vegetation cover has a major effect on water flow in soils. Two sites, separated by distance of about 50 m, were selected to quantify the influence of grass cover on hydrophysical parameters and heterogeneity of water flow in a sandy soil emerging during a heavy rain following a long hot, dry period. A control soil （pure sand） with limited impact of vegetation or organic matter was obtained by sampling at 50 cm depth beneath a glade area, and a grassland soil was covered in a 10 cm thick humic layer and colonised by grasses. The persistence of water repellency was measured using the water drop penetration time test, sorptivity and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity using a mini disk infiltrometer, and saturated hydraulic conductivity using a double-ring infiltrometer. Dye tracer experiments were used to assess the heterogeneity of water flow, and both the modified method for estimating effective cross section and an original method for assessing the degree of preferential flow were used to quantify this heterogeneity from the images of dyed soil profiles. Most hydrophysical parameters were substantially different between the two surfaces. The grassland soil had an index of water repellency about 10 times that of pure sand and the persistence of water repellency almost 350 times that of pure sand. Water and ethanol sorptivities in the grassland soil were 7% and 43%, respectively, of those of the pure sand. Hydraulic conductivity and saturated hydraulic conductivities in the grassland soil were 5% and 16% of those of the pure sand, respectively. Dye tracer experiments revealed a stable flow with ＂air-draining＂ condition in pure sand and well-developed preferential flow in grassland soil, corresponding to individual grass tussocks and sinai! micro-depressions. The grassland soil was substantially more water repellent and had 3 times the degree of preferential flow compared to pure sand. The results of this study reinforce our view that the consequences of any change in

关键词： dye tracing grassland soil hydrophobicity infiltration preferential flow

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Nuclear Factor kappa B p65 Expression in Mouse Cochlea

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Journal of Otology 2007年第1期2卷 30-35页

作者： Jochen schacht kresge Hearing research Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA

Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) is one of the best-characterized transcription factors playing important roles in many cellular responses to a large variety of stimuli,including inflammatory cytokines, phorbol esters, growth factors, and bacterial and viral products. The aim of this study is to demonstrate NF-κB expression in the mouse cochlea and its enhancement in response to lipopolysaccharides(LPS) and kanamycin(kA) treatment. Methods kA treatment consisted of subcutaneous kA injections at 700 mg/kg twice a day with an eight-hour interval between the two injections for 3 or 7 days. For animals in the LPS treatment group, a single dose of 0.3 mg LPS dissolved in 0.2 ml sterile saline were injected into both bullae through the tympanic membrane and kept there for 3 hours. Animals in the control group received subcutaneous saline injection for 7 days. Following immmunohistochemichal processing with rabbit polyclonal anti-NF-κB p65 antibodies, cryosections of the cochlea were examined for expression of NF-κB p65 in various structures in the cochlea. Results NF-κB p65 expression, identified by presence of brown reaction products characteristic of DAB immunohistochemistry, was visible in the spiral ligament, spiral prominence, tectorial membrane(TM), spiral ganglion and nerve fibers. Relatively weak NF-κB p65 expression was also visualized in the organ of Corti. Within the organ of Corti, the inner hair cells(IHC), outer hair cells(OHC), inner pillar cells(IP), outer pillar cells (OP), Deiter’s cells(DC), and Boettcher’s cells exhibited stronger staining than the inner sulcus cells, Hensen’s cells(HC) and Claudius’cells. No NF-κB p65 expression was seen in the nucleus of the IHC and OHC. NF-κB p65 expression was increased in animals exposed to LPS or kA, demonstrating significant differences in the staining between control animals and LPS/kA-treated animals. NF-κB p65 expression was not significantly different between LPS treated and kA treated animals or between 3 and

关键词： transcription factors nuclear factor kappa B p65(NF-κB p65) mouse cochlea immunohistochemisty lipopolysaccharide(LPS)

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Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： k.MUHAMMAD M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

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Non-compliant and compliant balloons for endovascular rescue therapy of cerebral vasospasm after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage: experiences of a single- centre institution with radiological follow- up of the treated vessel segments

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第1期6卷 16-24页

作者： Alexander Neumann Jan küchler Claudia Ditz kara krajewski Jan Leppert Peter Schramm Hannes schacht Neuroradiology University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein Lubeck CampusLubeckGermany Neurosurgery University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein Lubeck CampusLubeckGermany

Background For endovascular rescue therapy(ERT)of cerebral vasospasm(CVS)due to spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage(sSAH),non-compliant(NCB)and compliant(CB)balloons are used with both balloon types bearing the risk of vessel injury due to specific mechanical *** severe delayed arterial narrowing after transluminal balloon angioplasty(TBA)for CVS has sporadically been described,valid data concerning incidence and relevance are *** aim was to analyse the radiological follow-up(RFU)of differently TBA-treated arteries(CB or NCB).Methods Twelve patients with utilisation of either NCB or CB for CVS were retrospectively analysed for clinical characteristics,ERT,functional outcome after 3 months and *** with the initial angiogram,we classified delayed arterial narrowing as mild,moderate and severe(60% calibre reduction).Results Twenty-three arteries were treated with CB,seven with *** median first RFU was 11 months after TBA with CB and 10 after *** was performed with catheter angiography in 18 arteries(78%)treated with CB and in five(71%)after NCB;magnetic resonance angiography was acquired in five vessels(22%)treated with CB and in two(29%)after *** arterial narrowing was detected in three arteries(13%)after CB and in one(14%)after *** or severe findings were neither detected after use of CB nor *** We found no relevant delayed arterial narrowing after TBA for CVS after *** previous assumptions that CB provides for more dilatation in segments adjacent to CVS,we observed no disadvantages concerning long-term adverse *** data support TBA as a low-risk treatment option.

关键词： balloon cerebral after

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Effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad Al kabbani Christoph köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-kO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

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Prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among various donor groups:A comparative analysis

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 108-117页

作者： Sanjay k Thakur Anil k Sinha Santosh k Sharma Aarzoo Jahan Dinesh k Negi Ruchika Gupta Sompal Singh Regional Blood Transfusion Centre Hindu Rao Hospital and NDMC Medical CollegeNorth Delhi 110007DelhiIndia Department of Zoology Veer Kunwar Singh UniversityAra 802301BiharIndia Regional Blood Transfusion Centre and Pathology Hindu Rao Hospital and NDMC Medical CollegeNorth Delhi 110007DelhiIndia Department of Cytopathology ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention and ResearchNoida 201301Uttar PradeshIndia

BACkGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections(TTIs)are illnesses spread through contaminated blood or blood *** India,screening for TTIs such as hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-I/II,malaria,and syphilis is mandatory before blood ***,HCV,HBV,and HIV are the leading viruses causing mortality,affecting millions of people globally,including those with co-infections of HIV/HCV and HIV/*** highlight the impact of TTIs on life expectancy and health risks,such as liver cirrhosis,cancer,and other diseases in individuals with chronic ***,millions of blood donations take place annually,emphasizing the importance of maintaining blood *** To study the prevalence of TTIs,viz.,HBV,HCV,HIV I/II,syphilis,and malaria parasite(MP),among different blood donor *** The study assessed the prevalence of TTIs among different blood donor groups in Delhi,*** included total donors,in-house donors,total camp donors,institutional camp donors,and community camp *** for HIV,HBV,and HCV were done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,while syphilis was tested with rapid plasma reagins and MP rapid card *** prevalence of HBV,HCV,HIV,and syphilis,expressed as *** in infection rates between the groups were analyzed usingχ²tests and P-values(less than 0.05).RESULTS The study evaluated TTIs among 42158 blood donors in *** overall cumulative frequency of TTIs in total blood donors was 2.071%,and the frequencies of HBV,HCV,HIV-I/II,venereal disease research laboratory,and MP were 1.048%,0.425%,0.221%,0.377%,and 0.0024%,***-house donors,representing 37656 donors,had the highest transfusion transmissible infection(TTI)prevalence at 2.167%.Among total camp donors(4502 donors),TTIs were identified in 1.266%of donors,while community camp donors(2439 donors)exhibited a prevalence of 1.558%.Institutional camp donors(2063 donors)had the l

关键词： Blood donors Transfusion transmissible infections Hepatitis B virus Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus Malaria parasite Syphilis

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Unveiling the impact:COVID-19's influence on bacterial resistance in the kingdom of Bahrain

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World Journal of Virology 2025年第1期14卷 83-98页

作者： Nermin k Saeed Safiya k Almusawi Noor A Albalooshi Mohammed Al-Beltagi Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologySalmaniya Medical ComplexGovernmental HospitalsManama 12Bahrain Medical Microbiology Section Department of PathologyRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Medical University of BahrainBusaiteen 15503MuharraqBahrain Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineTanta UniversityTanta 31511AlghrabiaEgypt Department of Pediatric University Medical CenterKing Abdulla Medical CityArabian Gulf UniversityManama 26671AlgharbiaBahrain

BACkGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a growing global health threat,and understanding local trends in bacterial isolates and their susceptibility patterns is crucial for effective infection control and antimicrobial *** coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has introduced additional complexities,potentially influencing these *** To analyze trends in bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns at Salmaniya Medical Complex from 2018 to 2023,with a specific focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these *** A retrospective analysis of microbiological data was conducted,covering the period from 2018 to *** study included key bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli(***),klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Staphylococcus aureus,among *** antibiotic susceptibility profiles of these isolates were assessed using standard laboratory *** contextualize the findings,the findings were compared with similar studies from other regions,including China,India,Romania,Saudi Arabia,the United Arab Emirates,Malaysia,and United *** The study revealed fluctuating trends in the prevalence of bacterial isolates,with notable changes during the COVID-19 *** example,a significant increase in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was observed during the pandemic years,while the prevalence of *** showed a more variable *** resistance rates varied among the different pathogens,with a concerning rise in resistance to commonly used antibiotics,particularly among klebsiella pneumoniae and ***,the study identified an alarming increase in the prevalence of multidrug-resistant(MDR)strains,especially within klebsiella pneumoniae and *** *** impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these trends was evident,with shifts in the frequency,resistance patterns,and the emergence of MDR bacteria among several key ***

关键词： Multidrug-resistant organisms Antibiotic susceptibility COVID-19 pandemic Antimicrobial stewardship Bacterial isolates Salmaniya Medical Complex Bahrain

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Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan Robert Hoepner Patrick küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HERV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

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Nucleoside modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal Nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

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Virtual reality based apps are the future of patient:Counseling

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第6期13卷 58-60页

作者： Ranjan k Behera Arvind k Morya Parul C Gupta Arshi Singh Department of Ophthalmology MMIMSR Mullana AmbalaAmbala 133207HaryānaIndia Department of Ophthalmology All India Institute of Medical SciencesHyderabad 508126TelanganaIndia Department of Ophthalmology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh 160012PunjabIndia Department of Ophthalmology Guru Nanak Eye CentreNew Delhi 110001New DelhiIndia

The use of virtual reality to educate preoperative patients has a positive impact on nurses as well as patients undergoing *** can help improve patient satisfaction and improve favorable outcomes by reducing patient anxiety and proving adequate knowledge about the procedure and possible outcomes to the *** also reduces burden on nursing staff and *** and more diverse cohort studies will help us understand the wider application of this tool on the patient *** may be difficult to apply this tool on elderly patients with failing eyesight,multiple physical ***,there may be reduced acceptance of this modality by older nursing staff and practitioners who may prefer the traditional verbal version for *** will benefit from a combined approach of using virtual reality apps with tradition one-on-one counselling to help alleviate patient concerns and improve patient and healthcare professional satisfaction.

关键词： Nurse Patient Virtual reality Counselling Healthcare

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