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Correlating mode-I fracture toughness and mechanical properties of heat-treated crystalline rocks

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第1期10卷 91-101页

作者： Mayukh Talukdar Debanjan Guha Roy T.n.singh Indian Institute of Technology Bombay PowaiMumbai400076India IITB-Monash Research Academy Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbai400076India

For the effect of thermal treatment on the mode-I fracture toughness(FT), three crystalline rocks(two basalts and one tonalite) were experimentally investigated. Semi-circular bend specimens of the rocks were prepared following the method suggested by the International Society for Rock Mechanics(ISRM)and were treated at various temperatures ranging from room temperature(25 ℃) to 600 ℃. Mode-I FT was correlated with tensile strength(TS), ultrasonic velocities, and Young’s modulus(YM). Additionally,petrographic and X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out to find the chemical changes resulting from the heat treatment. Further, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was conducted to observe the micro structural changes when subjected to high temperatures. These experiments demonstrate that heat treatment has a strong negative impact on the FT and mechanical properties of the rocks. From room temperature to 600 ℃, mode-I FT values of massive basalt, giant plagioclase basalt, and tonalite were reduced by nearly 52%, 68%, and 64%, respectively. Also, at all temperature levels, FT and mechanical properties are found to be exponentially correlated. However, the exact nature of the relationship mainly depends on rock type. Besides, TS was found to be a better indicator of degradation degree than the mode-I FT. SEM images show that micro crack density and structural disintegration of the mineral grains increase with temperature. These physical changes confirm the observed reduction in the stiffness of heat-treated crystalline rocks.

关键词： Fracture toughness(FT) Tensile strength(TS) Ultrasonic velocity Young's modulus(YM) Crystalline rocks

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Estimation of optimum sample size allocation:An illustration with body mass index for evaluating the effect of a dietetic supplement

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2019年第8期12卷 75-86页

作者： Carlos n.Bouza-Herrera Sira M.Allende-Alonso Gajendra k.Vishwakarma neha singh Departamento de Matemdtica Aplicada Universidad de La Habana Cuba Department of Mathematics and Computing Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad India

In many medical researches,it is needed to determine the optimal sample size allocation in a heterogeneous *** paper proposes the algorithm for optimal sample size *** consider the optimal allocation problem as an optimization problem and the solution is obtained by using Bisection,Secant,Regula-Falsi and other numerical *** performance of the algorithm for different numerical methods are analyzed and evaluated in terms of computing time,number of iterations and gain in accuracy using *** efficacy of algorithm is evaluated for the response in terms of body mass index(BMI)to the dietetic supplement with diabetes mellitus,HIV/AIDS and cancer post-operatory recovery patients.

关键词： Optimal sample allocation Body Mass Index diabetes HIV/AIDS cancer

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Generation of VLF Mode Instability by Generalized Distribution Function in the Presence of Parallel AC Electric Field in Uranus

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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第4期12卷 421-425页

作者： R.S.PAnDEY M.singh Pramod kUMAR k.M.singh S.kUMAR Department of Applied Physics Amity School of Science and TechnologyAmity University Noida UP Department of Physics J. L. N. College Chakradharpur Ranchi University Ranch Department of Physics Veer Kunwar Singh University Department of Physics Nalanda college Biharsharif Nalanda MU Bodh Gaya Bihar

VLF （very low frequency） mode instability with parallel AC electric field was studied for generalized loss-cone distribution with an index j, which is reducible to bi-Maxwellian, loss- cone and delta function for j = 0, 1 and co. The particle trajectories and dispersion relation are obtained through a kinetic approach and method of characteristic solutions. The calculations are compared with the observations of low frequency waves of Voyager 2. The growth rate of plasma parameters suited to magnetosphere of Uranus is obtained. It is inferred that the magnitude as well as frequency of AC （alternating current） field increases the growth rate and widen the band width significantly. In addition to temperature anisotropy, particles in plasma having generalized loss-cone distribution provide an additional source of energy.

关键词： generation of VLF mode instability in Uranus

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Effects of rainwater harvesting on herbage diversity and productivity in degraded Aravalli hills in western India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2011年第3期22卷 329-340页

作者： G. singh G.R. Choadhary B. Ram n.k. Limba Division of Forest Ecology Arid Forest Research Institute New Pali Road Jodhpur-342005 India

Over-exploitation and rural growth have severely damaged native vegetations of Aravalli hills in Rajasthan, India. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different restoration practices （i.e., rainwater harvesting （RWH） and planting of tree seedlings） on improve- ment in soil water and nutrients and growth and biomass of herbaceous vegetation. Contour trench （CT）, Gradonie （G）, Box trench （BT）, V-ditch （VD） and a control were imposed on 75 plots （each of 700 m 2 ） in natural slope gradient defined as 10%, 10% 20% and 20% slopes in 2005. Each plot had three micro-sites of 1-m 2 at up （USP）, middle （MSP） and lower （LSP） part of the plot for observation in 2008. The existed gradient （due to soil texture and topographic features） of soil pH, EC, SOC, nH 4 - n, nO 3 -n and PO 4 -P in June 2005 between 20% to 10% slopes were decreased in 2008 after applying RWH techniques. Such improvement in soil status promoted vegetation growth and biomass in higher slope gra- dients. Soil water, species diversity and herbage biomass increased from USP to LSP, and RWH techniques had positive role in improving SOC, nutrients, vegetation population, evenness and growth at MSP. Despite of lowest SWC, regular rain and greater soil water usage enhanced green and dry herbage biomasses in 10% 20% and 20% slopes, compared with 10% slope. The highest diversity in CT treatment was related to herbage biomass, which was enhanced further by highest concentrations of SOC and PO 4 -P. Further, CT treatment was found to be the best treat- ment in minimizing biomass variance in different slopes. Conclusively, soil texture and topographic features controlled soil water and nutrients availability. Rainwater harvesting techniques increased soil water storage and nutrient retention and also enhanced vegetation status and biomass by minimizing the effects of hillslopes. Thus depending upon the site conditions, suitable RWH technique could be adopted to increase herb- age biomass while rehabilit

关键词： herbage growth and biomass hillslopes soil nutrients soil water dynamics vegetation diversity

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Role of n-acetylcysteine in rifampicin-induced hepatic injury of young rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第2期12卷 287-291页

作者： SV Rana S Attri k Vaiphei R Pal A Attri k singh Department of Gastroenterology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh-160012India Department of Palhotogy Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarh-160012India. Department of Surgery Govt. Medical CollegeCha-ndigarh-160012India

AIM, To study the role of n-acetylcysteine （nAC） as a protective agent in rifampicin （RMP）-induced oxidative hepatic injury of young rats. METHODS： Hepatic injury was produced by giving 50mg/kg body weight/day of RMP for 3 wk. A dose of nAC （100mg/kg body weight/day） was given in combination with RMP intraperitoneally. Analysis of lipid peroxidation, thiol levels, cytochrome P4se, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reductase and transferase were estimated in liver along with the body weight, liver weight and histological observations. RESULTS： RMP exposure resulted in no change in body and liver weight while antioxidative enzymes were altered but the non protein thiol （GSH） status was well preserved. Cytochrome P450 system and peroxidation of lipids were induced by RMP exposure. Partial protection was observed with nAC against RMP-induced changes in liver, which was evidenced from the prevention of increase in lipid peroxidation and the reduction in SOD and catalase enzyme levels. COnCLUSIOn. nAC protects young rats against RMP- induced oxidative hepatic injury.

关键词： Rifampicin n-acetylcysteine Hepatoprotection

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PERFORMAnCE AnD PERSISTEnCE OF GREEn FLUORESCEnT PROTEIn (gfp) MARkED AZOTOBACTER CHROOCOCCUM In STERILIZED AnD UnSTERILIZED WHEAT RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL

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应用与环境生物学报 2005年第6期11卷 751-755页

作者： singh R kUMAR V SHARMA S BEHL Rk singh BP nARULA n Department of Microbiology SBS Post Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences & Research Balawala Dehradun India Department of Plant Breeding CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India Department of Agronomy CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India Department of Agronomy Microbiology CCS Haryana Agricultural University Hisar India

The persistence and performance (growth promoting potential) of green fluorescent protein (gfp) marked Azotobacter chroococcum strain ABR 4G were studied in sterilized and unsterilized wheat rhizospheric soil. The gfp was integrated via Tn 5 transposition into A. chroococcum chromosome and the resultant gfp marked colonies were identified by green fluorescent emission under UV light. The gfp was stably maintained in A. chroococcum and the gfp insertion had no apparent adverse effect on the growth promoting properties of the marked soil isolate ABR 4G. The growth promoting properties (nitrogen fixation, ammonia excretion, phosphate solubilization and IAA production) of the parent soil isolate and the gfp marked strain were found to be almost the same. All the quantitative wheat plant traits were significantly influenced by inoculation of A. chroococcum ABR 4G strain in sterilized and unsterilized soil. Inoculated bacterial counts increased gradually in wheat rhizosphere, reached maximum on 60 th d and declined on 80 th d. Fertility levels also affected survival of marked strain and the survival was comparable in sterilized and unsterilized soil. The growth promoting properties were also determined from the marked strain reisolated from wheat rhizosphere in both types of soil. Fig 1, Tab 2, Ref

关键词：绿色荧光蛋白固氮菌消毒方法小麦

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Influence of Crop nutrition on Grain Yield,Seed Quality and Water Productivity under Two Rice Cultivation Systems

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Rice science 2013年第2期20卷 129-138页

作者： Y.V.singh k.k.singh S.k.SHARMA Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae Indian Agricultural Research Institute Seed Production Unit Indian Agricultural Research Institute

The system of rice intensification （SRI） is reported to have advantages like lower seed requirement,less pest attack,shorter crop duration,higher water use efficiency and the ability to withstand higher degree of moisture stress than traditional method of rice *** this background,SRI was compared with traditional transplanting technique at Indian Agricultural Research Institute,new Delhi,India during two wet seasons （2009-2011）.In the experiment laid out in a factorial randomized block design,two methods of rice cultivation [conventional transplanting （CT） and SRI] and two rice varieties （Pusa Basmati 1 and Pusa 44） were used under seven crop nutrition treatments,viz.T 1,120 kg/hm2 n,26.2 kg/hm2 P and 33 kg/hm2 k;T 2,20 t/hm2 farmyard manure （FYM）;T 3,10 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 n;T 4,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 90 kg/hm2 n;T 5,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 n＋ 1.5 kg/hm2 blue green algae （BGA）;T 6,5 t/hm2 FYM＋ 60 kg/hm2 n＋ 1.0 t/hm2 Azolla,and T 7,n 0 P 0 k 0 （control,no nPk application） to study the effect on seed quality,yield and water *** SRI,soil was kept at saturated moisture condition throughout vegetative phase and thin layer of water （2-3 cm） was maintained during the reproductive phase of rice,however,in CT,standing water was maintained in crop growing *** revealed that CT and SRI gave statistically at par grain yield but straw yield was significantly higher in CT as compared to *** quality was superior in SRI as compared to *** nutrient management （InM） resulted in higher plant height with longer leaves than chemical fertilizer alone in both the rice *** yield attributes such as number of effective tillers per hill,panicle length and panicle weight of rice in both the varieties were significantly higher in InM as compared to chemical fertilizer *** yields of both the varieties were the highest in InM followed by the recommended doses of chemical *** grain yield and its attributes of Pusa 44 were significantly

关键词： rice crop nutrition grain yield seed quality system of rice intensification water productivity

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Relief from vascular occlusion using photothermal ablation of tlhrombus with a multimodal perspective

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nano Research 2016年第8期9卷 2327-2337页

作者： nitesh singh Anand Varma Ashish Verma Babu n. Maurya Debabrata Dash Department of Biochemistry Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging Institute of Medical Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India

Fibrinolytic therapy for arterial or venous thrombotic disorders involves the systemic administration of thrombolytics such as streptokinase, which is associated with serious bleeding complications. With this study, we provide a proof-of-concept of photothermal thrombus ablation with gold nanorods exposed to near-infrared irradiation, both in vitro using materials generated from purified fibrinogen or plasma and in vivo in murine blood vessels. This is the first report of the application of photothermal therapy as an anti-thrombotic measure. Remarkably, the addition of streptokinase had a multimodal additive effect with regard to acceleration of photothermal lysis of thrombi even at a dose significantly below the therapeutic concentration, thus minimizing the life- threatening side effects and adverse complications. This combinatorial approach exhibits great promise for lysing pathological clots while effectively overcoming the drawbacks of existing therapies.

关键词： platelet fibrin near-infrared laser photothermal therapy thrombolysis streptokinase

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Provenance variations in proximate principles,mineral matter,total phenols and phytochemicals of Melia dubia drupes:an unexplored alternate livestock feed stock

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期32卷 119-131页

作者： M.L.Sukhadiya n.S.Thakur V.R.Patel R.P.Gunaga V.B.kharadi k.k.Tyagi Susheel singh Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry College of ForestryNavsari Agricultural UniversityNavsariGujarat 396450India Department of Animal nutrition Vanbandhu College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal HusbandryNavsari Agricultural UniversityNavsariGujarat 396450India Food Quality Testing Laboratory N.M.College of AgricultureNavsari Agricultural UniversityNavsariGujarat 396450India Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology MeerutIndia

This research was carried out on nine provenances from the north Western Ghats to quantify proximate principles,mineral matter,total phenols and other phytochemicals in Melia dubia drupe *** biometric,biomass attributes,proximate principles,mineral matter and total phenols diff ered signifi cantly among the *** average drupe length and width was 26.5 and 22.3 mm,*** drupe and pulp fresh weight,pulp dry weight and stone weight were 783.1,552.1,165.1,and 179.8 g/100 drupes,***,dry matter and moisture per cent were 70.5%,29.9%and 70.0%,*** crude fi bre,protein,ether extract,total ash and nitrogen-free extract were 8.3%,7.6%,5.1%,6.3%,and 72.6%,*** Ca,Mg,P and k levels were 0.5%,0.2%,0.2%,and 2.0%,*** phenols were 0.4%.Cluster analysis showed that the study area may be divided into three distinct provenances,each having diff erent drupe traits and proximate composition,including mineral ***-chromatography mass-spectrometry analysis revealed 27 phytochemicals,many of which possess benefi cial biological *** implications of this provenance variation study should be useful for future improvement in terms of better drupe pulp nutrition for livestock *** study suggests that *** pulp could be categorized as a good feed source with low fi bre,energy,fat and mineral *** proximate parameters,mineral matter content and total phenols are within prescribed limits.

关键词： Melia dubia Drupe pulp Proximate principles Minerals Phytochemicals

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Comparative Analysis of the 100 kb Region Containing the Pi-k^h Locus Between indica and japonica Rice Lines

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2007年第1期5卷 35-44页

作者： S.P. kumar V. Dalal n.k. singh T.R. Sharma national Research Center on Plant Biotechnology Indian Agriculture Research Institute New Delhi 110112India

We have recently cloned a pathogen inducible blast resistance gene Pi-k^h from the indica rice line Tetep using a positional cloning approach. In this study, we carried out structural organization analysis of the Pi-k^h locus in both indica and japonica rice lines. A 100 kb region containing 50 kb upstream and 50 kb downstream sequences flanking to the Pi-k^h locus was selected for the investigation. A total of 16 genes in indica and 15 genes in japonica were predicted and annotated in this region. The average GC content of indica and japonica genes in this region was 53.15% and 49.3%, respectiveIy. Both indica and japonica sequences were polymorphic for simple sequence repeats having mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentanucleotides. Sequence analysis of the specific blast resistant Pi-k^h allele of Tetep and the susceptible Pi-k^h allele of the japonica rice line nipponbare showed differences in the number and distribution of motifs involved in phosphorylation, resulting in the resistance phenotype in Tetep.

关键词： comparative genomics blast resistance gene genome analysis microcolinearity

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