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SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING AT EXTREMELY HIGH ENHANCEMENT LEVEL——APPLICATION TO RAMAN STUDIES OF SINGLE MOLECULES AND OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES

SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING AT EXTREMELY HIGH ENHANCEM...

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The International Symposium on Progress in Suface Raman Spectroscopy--Theory, Techniques and Applications

作者： k.kneipp H.kneipp I.Itzkan R.R.Dasari M.S.Feld P.Corio S.D.M.Brown G.Dresselhaus M.S.Dresselhaus George R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory Department of PhysicsTechnical University of Berlin Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory Department of Physics Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceMassachusetts Institute of Technology

Extremely large effective non-resonant Raman cross sections up to 10～10cm per molecule corresponding to enhancement factors on the order of 10 can be obtained at near infrared excitation for molecules attached to aggregated colloidal silver or gold particles. We confirmed the existence of these enormous Raman cross sections by observation of significant transfer of ground state population to the first excited vibrational state by spontaneous surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Evidence for this population pumping by spontaneous Raman scattering includes (i) anti-Stokes to

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Functional optoacoustic neuro-tomography for scalable whole-brain monitoring of calcium indicators

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 288-294页

作者： X Luís Deán-Ben Gali Sela Antonella Lauri Moritz kneipp Vasilis Ntziachristos Gil G Westmeyer Shy Shoham Daniel Razansky Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging(IBMI) Helmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany Institute of Developmental Genetics Helmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany Department of Medicine Technical University of MunichMunichGermany Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael

Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of *** developed a volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography platform for imaging neural activation deep in scattering *** can record 100 volumetric frames per second across scalable fields of view ranging between 50 and 1000 mm^(3) with respective spatial resolution of 35–200μ*** performed in immobilized and freely swimming larvae and in adult zebrafish brains expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G demonstrate,for the first time,the fundamental ability to directly track neural dynamics using optoacoustics while overcoming the longstanding penetration barrier of optical imaging in scattering *** newly developed platform thus offers unprecedented capabilities for functional whole-brain observations of fast calcium dynamics;in combination with optoacoustics'well-established capacity for resolving vascular hemodynamics,it could open new vistas in the study of neural activity and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.

关键词： functional neuro-imaging genetically encoded calcium indicators high spatiotemporal resolution large-scale brain activity optoacoustic tomography photoacoustics real-time imaging

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The Sustainable Expansion of the Cocoa Crop in the State of Paráand Its Contribution to Altered Areas Recovery and Fire Reduction

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第3期14卷 294-313页

作者： Adriano Venturieri Rodrigo Rafael Souza de Oliveira Tassio koiti Igawa katia De Avila Fernandes Marcos Adami Moisés Cordeiro Mourão de Oliveira Júnior Cláudio Aparecido Almeida Luiz Guilherme Teixeira Silva Ana I. R. Cabral João Felipe kneipp Cerqueira Pinto Antônio José Amorim Menezes Sandra Maria Neiva Sampaio Embrapa Eastern Amazonia Belém Brazil University of Para State Belém Brazil Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel Belém Brazil University of Arkansas Fayetteville USA International Research Institute for Climate and Society Columbia University New York USA National Institute for Space Research S&#227 o José dos Campos S&#227 o Paulo Forest Research Centre School of Agriculture University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Research Development Foundation S&#227 o José dos Campos Brazil

The state of Pará, located in the Amazon region of Brazil, has observed in recent years an increase in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) cultivation and has become the largest producer in Brazil. Due to its physiological characteristics, cacao is cultivated in native forests understory or under the shade produced by fast-growing native tree species, serving as an important species for restoration of degraded areas. However, mapping and monitoring cocoa plantation using optical sensor images is a challenge given its botanical and arboreal characteristics that can be confused with other native species at various stages of secondary regrowth. Agroforestry systems are important components of sustainable production in the Amazon and our work sought to better describe the evolution of cocoa plantations in terms of their historical expansion, farming properties practices, land use transitions and fire regimes. Our findings to analyze the relationships between cocoa plantations and hotspots, data from the INPE’s reference satellite between the years 2004 to 2020 were used in this study, polygons classified as cocoa areas, generated by the MapCacau research project, were used, in a total of 69,904 hectares distributed throughout the state of Pará. Finally, we used the protected areas’ official limits in the State of Pará to analyze the plantations’ occurrence in regions in discordance with environmental legislation. The data show that cocoa-producing properties are statistically fewer than non-producing properties, as well as having lower deforestation rates. In our study, we observed that 52,778 hectares (88.87%) of the cocoa area planted had already been deforested by the year 2008—the threshold of deforestation defined by Brazil’s Forest Code. It was also possible to verify that approximately 20,900 hectares continue to be mapped as forest by PRODES, despite our field data identifying cocoa plantations shaded by explored forest in these areas. Regarding the crop’s formation, the da

关键词： Amazon Machine Learning Participative Mapping Pará Cocoa Amazon MapCacau

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