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Investigating the use of an ionic liquid for rare earth mineral flotation

Journal of Rare earths 2021年第7期39卷 866-874,I0004页

作者： R.Li C.Marion e.R.L.espirtu R.Multani Xiaoqi Sun k.e.waters Department of Mining and Materials engineering McGill University3610 Rue University.MontrealQuebecH3A 0C5Canada Vale Ontario Operations(Base Metals)18 Rink St.Copper CliffOntario POM 1N0Canada Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences155 Yangqiao Road WestFuzhou 350002China

Common collectors for rare earth mineral(ReM) flotation,which include carboxylates and hydroxamates,face problems such as being non-selective and sensitive to impurity ions.A type of ionic liquid(IL),tetraethylammonium mono-(2-ethylhexyl)2-ethylhexyl phosphonate([N_(2222)][eHeHP]),has been investigated previously for rare earth elements(Ree) solvent extraction,and was proven to be selective and *** this work,[N_(2222)][eHeHP] was evaluated as a collector in bastnasite(a primary ReM source for Ree production) flotation for the first *** results were compared with quartz and hematite,two common gangue minerals in ReM *** potential measurements and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) were completed to investigate the surface chemical properties involved in the flotation of these minerals using this *** findings were compared with microflotation ***-IR and zeta potential measurements suggest adsorption of the collector’s phosphonate group onto bastnäsite and hematite,likely through chemisorption;whereas for quartz,the minimum micro flotation recovery is likely due to no adsorption of IL on its *** flotation re sults show higher collectability of [N_(2222)] [eHeHP] for hematite than bastnasite,the latter only shows appreciable recovery at pH 5 with elevated dosage of IL(500 g/t).To achieve better separation,a two-stage flotation scheme was designed and evaluated by bench scale flotation on a synthetic mineral *** concentrates and tails were analyzed by magnetic separation,and it is found that bastnasite recovery over 90% with maximum upgrade ratio 1.7 can be achieved with elevated collector dosage.

关键词： Ionic liquid Rare earth Bastnasite Flotation FT-IR Zeta potential

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Flotation behavior and electronic simulations of rare earth minerals in the presence of dolomite supernatant using sodium oleate collector

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Journal of Rare earths 2019年第1期37卷 101-112,M0005页

作者： e.R.L.espiritu G.R.da Silva D.Azizi F.Larachi k.e.waters Department of Mining and Materials engineering McGill University Department of Chemical engineering Université Laval

Common rare earth(Re) minerals, such as bastnasite and monazite, may be formed in deposits associated with carbonate gangue, such as calcite and dolomite. Sodium oleate is a widely used collector for the flotation of both Re and gangue minerals, which might, therefore, be an inefficient process due to the lack of selectivity of this collector. Since these minerals are also sparingly soluble in solution, they could release their constituent ions into the solution, which could affect the floatability of other minerals. In this study, the interactions of sodium oleate with bastnasite and monazite in the presence of dissolved dolomite species have been investigated. Microflotation tests were carried out to explore the effects of these dissolved species on the floatability of the Re minerals. Zeta potential measurements and XPS characterization were carried out to understand how the species affect the collector adsorption. To complement these characterizations, density functional theory(DFT) simulations were conducted to investigate the collector-mineral and collector-adsorbed species(on the mineral surface) *** results show that collector-dolomite interaction energy is greater than that of collector-adsorbed species, but lower than collector-monazite interaction energy, explaining the decrease in the minerals' recovery upon exposure to the dissolved mineral species. It is also shown that oleate ions(OI^-) have the strongest interaction with the minerals compared to other oleate species such as acid soap(HOI_2^-) and oleate dimer(OI_2^(2-)). The behavior(strength and selectivity) of sodium oleate towards Re minerals and dolomite, as compared to other Re mineral collectors(such as aromatic hydroxamate), is attributed mainly to the collector's and the minerals' structure. The long hydrocarbon chain of sodium oleate which imparts hydrophobic characteristic to the minerals, makes it stronger collector than ***, sodium oleate(with linear str

关键词： Rare earth minerals Bastnsite Monazite Dolomite Sodium oleate DFT simulation

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experimental Study for effect of Multi-Site Spark Ignition on Dedicated Hybrid engine Performance under High Dilution Condition

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 254-267页

作者： YAN Bowen waters Benjamin HAINeS Andrew MCGHee Mike HU Tiegang DeNG Wei PU Yongxian MA Tianyu Powertrain engineering R&D Center Chongqing Changan Automobile Co.Ltd. Changan Uk R&D Centre Limited

In this study,a triple spark ignition scheme was first designed on a three-cylinder 1.5-L dedicated hybrid engine（DHe）.On this basis,the effect of different ignition modes on engine combustion and emission characteristics was studied,especially under high dilution *** results tested at 2000 r/min and 0.8 MPa BMeP（brake mean effective pressure） show that with highly increased in-cylinder flow intensity,using only passive prechamber（PPC） has a lower lean limit than that with single central spark plug（CSP）,thereby leading to slightly higher minimum fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides（NOx） *** side spark plugs（SSP）based on PPC can result in improved capability of lean limit extension and engine performance than ***,the improvement level is lower than that with triple spark plugs（TSP）.As the excess air ratio λincreases,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in improving the combustion phasing compared with CSP gradually ***,the increasing tendency of their ignition delay and combustion duration is more *** added SSP based on PPC can effectively shorten the ignition delay of leaner mixture,but the combustion duration can be only slightly *** a result,under extremely lean condition,the advantage of PPC and PPC with SSP in terms of combustion characteristics over CSP becomes much *** contrast,the TSP ignition can achieve much shorter ignition delay and combustion duration simultaneously under this *** to the highest available dilution level,the TSP ignition achieves the lowest raw ***,it can also reduce the raw carbon monoxide（CO） and hydrocarbons（HC） emissions compared to CSP due to a more thorough combustion of the end gas *** on the excellent performance of TSP,the highest engine brake thermal efficiency（BTe） was further *** results show that with normal RON 92 fuel,the engine finally achieved 43.69% and 45.02% BTe under stochiometric mode with exhaust

关键词： dedicated hybrid engine high dilution condition NOx emissions passive prechamber thermal efficiency triple spark plug scheme

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NeCAB family of neuronal calcium-binding proteins in health and disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1236-1243页

作者： Diones Bueno Michael k.e.Schafer Sudena Wang Michael J.Schmeisser Axel Methner Institute for Molecular Medicine University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Department of Anesthesiology University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany Institute of Anatomy University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-UniversityMainzGermany

The N-terminal eF-hand calcium-binding proteins 1–3(NeCAB1–3) constitute a family of predominantly neuronal proteins characterized by the presence of at least one eF-hand calcium-binding domain and a functionally less well characterized C-terminal antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. All three family members were initially discovered due to their interactions with other proteins. NeCAB1 associates with synaptotagmin-1, a critical neuronal protein involved in membrane trafficking and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. NeCAB2 interacts with predominantly striatal G-protein-coupled receptors, while NeCAB3 partners with amyloid-β A4 precursor protein-binding family A members 2 and 3, key regulators of amyloid-β production. This demonstrates the capacity of the family for interactions with various classes of proteins. NeCAB proteins exhibit distinct subcellular localizations: NeCAB1 is found in the nucleus and cytosol, NeCAB2 resides in endosomes and the plasma membrane, and NeCAB3 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain, an evolutionarily ancient component, is akin to atypical heme oxygenases in prokaryotes but is not wellcharacterized in vertebrates. Prokaryotic antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domains typically form dimers, suggesting that calcium-mediated conformational changes in NeCAB proteins may induce antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain dimerization, potentially activating some enzymatic properties. However, the substrate for this enzymatic activity remains uncertain. Alternatively, calcium-mediated conformational changes might influence protein interactions or the subcellular localization of NeCAB proteins by controlling the availability of protein–protein interaction domains situated between the eF hands and the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase domain. This review summarizes what is known about genomic organization, tissue expression, intracellular localization, interac

关键词： calcium eF hand mitochondria nervous system signal transduction

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Intrumer:A Multi Module Distributed explainable IDS/IPS for Securing Cloud environment

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 579-607页

作者： Nazreen Banu A S.k.B.Sangeetha Department of Computer Science and engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyVadapalani CampusChennai600026Tamil NaduIndia

The increasing use of cloud-based devices has reached the critical point of cybersecurity and unwanted network *** environments pose significant challenges in maintaining privacy and *** approaches,such as IDS,have been developed to tackle these ***,most conventional Intrusion Detection System(IDS)models struggle with unseen cyberattacks and complex high-dimensional *** fact,this paper introduces the idea of a novel distributed explainable and heterogeneous transformer-based intrusion detection system,named INTRUMeR,which offers balanced accuracy,reliability,and security in cloud settings bymultiplemodulesworking together within *** traffic captured from cloud devices is first passed to the TC&TM module in which the Falcon Optimization Algorithm optimizes the feature selection process,and Naie Bayes algorithm performs the classification of *** selected features are classified further and are forwarded to the Heterogeneous Attention Transformer(HAT)*** this module,the contextual interactions of the network traffic are taken into account to classify them as normal or malicious *** classified results are further analyzed by the explainable Prevention Module(XPM)to ensure trustworthiness by providing interpretable *** the explanations fromthe classifier,emergency alarms are transmitted to nearby IDSmodules,servers,and underlying cloud devices for the enhancement of preventive *** experiments on benchmark IDS datasets CICIDS 2017,Honeypots,and NSL-kDD were conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the INTRUMeR model in detecting network trafficwith high accuracy for different *** outperforms state-of-the-art approaches,obtaining better performance metrics:98.7%accuracy,97.5%precision,96.3%recall,and 97.8%*** results validate the robustness and effectiveness of INTRUMeR in securing diverse cloud environments against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud computing intrusion detection system transformers and explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)

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effects of P301L-TAU on post-translational modifications of microtubules in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons and TAU transgenic mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2348-2360页

作者： Mohamed Aghyad Al kabbani Christoph köhler Hans Zempel Institute of Human Genetics Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne(CMMC) University of CologneCologneGermany Center Anatomy Department ⅡMedical FacultyUniversity of CologneCologneGermany

TAU is a microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule assembly and stability in the *** is missorted and aggregated in an array of diseases known as *** are essential for neuronal function and regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications,changes of which affect microtubule stability and dynamics,microtubule interaction with other proteins and cellular structures,and mediate recruitment of microtubule-severing *** impairment of microtubule dynamics causes neuronal dysfunction,we hypothesize cognitive impairment in human disease to be impacted by impairment of microtubule *** therefore aimed to study the effects of a disease-causing mutation of TAU(P301L)on the levels and localization of microtubule post-translational modifications indicative of microtubule stability and dynamics,to assess whether P301L-TAU causes stability-changing modifications to *** investigate TAU localization,phosphorylation,and effects on tubulin post-translational modifications,we expressed wild-type or P301L-TAU in human MAPT-kO induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons(i Neurons)and studied TAU in neurons in the hippocampus of mice transgenic for human P301L-TAU(p R5 mice).Human neurons expressing the longest TAU isoform(2N4R)with the P301L mutation showed increased TAU phosphorylation at the AT8,but not the p-Ser-262 epitope,and increased polyglutamylation and acetylation of microtubules compared with endogenous TAU-expressing neurons.P301L-TAU showed pronounced somatodendritic presence,but also successful axonal enrichment and a similar axodendritic distribution comparable to exogenously expressed 2N4R-wildtype-TAU.P301L-TAU-expressing hippocampal neurons in transgenic mice showed prominent missorting and tauopathy-typical AT8-phosphorylation of TAU and increased polyglutamylation,but reduced acetylation,of microtubules compared with non-transgenic *** sum,P301L-TAU results in changes in micr

关键词： human induced pluripotent stem cell microtubules P301L pR5 mice TAU tauopathy tubulin code

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Physicochemical aspects of allanite flotation

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Journal of Rare earths 2014年第5期32卷 476-486页

作者： Adam Jordens Chris Marion Olga kuzmina kristian e.waters Department of Mining and Materials engineering McGill University

This paper investigated the physicochemical properties of allanite, a Re-silicate, by measuring zeta potential in the absence and presence of three different flotation collectors （benzohydroxamic acid, sodium oleate and dodecylamine）. This data was then verified by microflotation experiments and with bubble-particle attachment pictures. The investigated properties of allanite were com- pared to those of quartz, a common gangue mineral in many Re deposits. The results of this work indicated that only dodecylamine was able to achieve a selective separation of allanite and quartz. This was accomplished by lowering the dodecylamine dosage so that only quartz was recovered by microflotation.

关键词： allanite flotation surface chemistry zeta potential bubble-particle attachment rare earths

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Human endogenous retrovirus type-W and multiple sclerosis–related smoldering neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 813-814页

作者： Joel Gruchot Laura Reiche Andrew Chan Robert Hoepner Patrick küry Department of Neurology Medical Faculty and University Hospital DüsseldorfHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany Department of Neurology InselspitalBern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland

Introduction to human endogenous retrovirus type-W(HeRV-W): Genomic inheritance from the past includes retroviral sequences that have been stably incorporated into our genomes and account for up to 8% of human DNA.

关键词： endogenous inflammation Human

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Nucleoside modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal Nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

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Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(english edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： k.MUHAMMAD M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and Sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of Mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHeMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

关键词： Nanofluidics

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