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Magnesium-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds:A novel frontier in bone tissue engineering

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第6期12卷 2231-2248页

作者： Abinaya Shanmugavadivu Sundaravadhanan Lek.avadhani Sushma Babu Nivetha Suresh nagarajan Selvamurugan Department of Biotechnology School of BioengineeringCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur603203Tamil NaduIndia

Nonunion represents a crucial challenge in orthopedic medicine,demanding innovative solutions beyond the scope of traditional bone grafting *** the various strategies available,magnesium(Mg)implants have been recognized for their biocompatibility and ***,their susceptibility to rapid corrosion and degradation has garnered notable research interest in bone tissue engineering(BTE),particularly in the development of Mg-incorporated biocomposite *** scaffolds gradually release Mg2+,which enhances immunomodulation,osteogenesis,and angiogenesis,thus facilitating effective bone *** review presents myriad fabrication techniques used to create Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds,including electrospinning,three-dimensional printing,and sol-gel *** these advancements,the application of Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds faces challenges such as controlling the degradation rate of Mg and ensuring mechanical *** limitations highlight the necessity for ongoing research aimed at refining fabrication techniques to better regulate the physicochemical and osteogenic properties of *** review provides insights into the potential of Mg-incorporated biocomposite scaffolds for BTE and the challenges that need to be addressed for their successful translation into clinical applications.

关键词： Magnesium Bone tissue engineering Immunomodulation Osteogenesis Angiogenesis

Crosstalk.between Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein signaling during osteogenic differentiati

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第2期16卷 102-113页

作者： Pak.ath Narayanan Arya Iyyappan Saranya nagarajan Selvamurugan Department of Biotechnology School of BioengineeringSRM Institute of Science and TechnologyKattankulathur 603203India

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)originate from many sources,including the bone marrow and adipose tissue,and differentiate into various cell types,such as osteoblasts and *** studies on MSCs have revealed that many transcription factors and signaling pathways control osteogenic *** is the process by which new bones are formed;it also aids in bone ***/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein(BMP)signaling pathways are involved in many cellular processes and considered to be essential for ***/β-catenin and BMPs are important for bone formation in mammalian development and various regulatory activities in the *** studies have indicated that these two signaling pathways contribute to osteogenic *** Wnt signaling pathway promotes osteogenesis by activating the downstream targets of the BMP signaling ***,we briefly review the molecular processes underlying the crosstalk.between these two pathways and explain their participation in osteogenic differentiation,emphasizing the canonical *** review also discusses the crosstalk.mechanisms of Wnt/BMP signaling with Notch-and extracellular-regulated k.nases in osteogenic differentiation and bone development.

关键词： Bone Mesenchymal stem cells Osteogenic differentiation Wnt/β-catenin Bone morphogenetic proteins

Influence of Co-Solvent on the Extraction Behaviour of Uranium and Thorium Nitrates with Organophosphorous Compounds

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International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography 2014年第2期2卷 33-42页

作者： k. C. Pitchaiah k. Sujatha C. V. S. Brahmmananda Rao N. Sivaraman T. G. Srinivasan k. nagarajan P. R. Vasudeva Rao Chemistry Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam India

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) is emerging as a powerful technique in the extraction of metal ions. In the present study, the extraction of nitrates of uranium and thorium was carried out using supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) modified with various organophosphorous compounds such as dialk.lalk.l phosphonates, trialk.l phosphates and trialk.l phosphine oxides in the presence of co-solvents such as methanol, dichlormethane and n-hexane. The influence of ligand and co-solvent on the extraction of the metal nitrates was studied in detail. These studies have established that co-solvent plays an important role in the extraction as well as fractionation of uranium and thorium nitrates. Polar co-solvent, methanol provided faster extraction without fractionation whereas the non-polar solvent, e.g. n-hexane provided some fractionation of metal nitrates though the extraction k.netics was slower.

关键词： Co-Solvent Uranium and Thorium Organophosphorous Compounds

Transcriptomic and pathological profiling of a new congenic mouse model with Lepr mutation:Evaluating susceptibility to the development of obesity and NAFLD

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 34-38页

作者： MJ Mahesh k.mar Shailendra Arindk.r Masum Saini Perumal nagarajan National Institute of Immunology New Delhi 100067India Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad 500007India Regional Center for Biotechnology Faridabad 121001India

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are two disease conditions for which obesity is a risk.factor.^(1)Due to the close relationship between the three pathologies,researchers frequently use the same mouse models to identify the underlying processes of obesity,NAFLD,and *** instance,leptin(Lep)-null(ob/ob)and leptin receptor(Lepr)-deficient(db/db)mice spontaneously develop NAFLD and show different phenotypes of extreme obesity and diabetes,respectively.

关键词： obesity NAFLD Lep

Spatial Attention Integrated EfficientNet Architecture for Breast Cancer Classification with Explainable AI

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 5029-5045页

作者： Sannasi Chak.avarthy Bharanidharan nagarajan Surbhi Bhatia k.an Vinoth k.mar Venk.tesan Mahesh Thyluru Ramak.ishna Ahlam AlMusharraf k.ursheed Aurungzeb Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Bannari Amman Institute of TechnologySathyamangalam638402India School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems(SCORE) Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India School of Science Engineering and EnvironmentUniversity of SalfordManchesterM54WTUK Department of Computer Science&Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyJAIN(Deemed-to-be University)Bengaluru562112India Department of Management College of Business AdministrationPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Adjunct Research Faculty Centre for Research Impact&OutcomeChitkara UniversityRajpura140401India

Breast cancer is a type of cancer responsible for higher mortality rates among *** cruelty of breast cancer always requires a promising approach for its earlier *** light of this,the proposed research leverages the representation ability of pretrained EfficientNet-B0 model and the classification ability of the XGBoost model for the binary classification of breast *** addition,the above transfer learning model is modified in such a way that it will focus more on tumor cells in the input ***,the work.proposed an EfficientNet-B0 having a Spatial Attention Layer with XGBoost(ESA-XGBNet)for binary classification of *** this,the work.is trained,tested,and validated using original and augmented mammogram images of three public datasets namely CBIS-DDSM,INbreast,and MIAS *** accuracy of 97.585%(CBISDDSM),98.255%(INbreast),and 98.91%(MIAS)is obtained using the proposed ESA-XGBNet architecture as compared with the existing ***,the decision-mak.ng of the proposed ESA-XGBNet architecture is visualized and validated using the Attention Guided GradCAM-based Explainable AI technique.

关键词： EfficientNet mammograms breast cancer Explainable AI deep-learning transfer learning

Dynamic control of district heating network. with integrated emission modelling:A dynamic k.owledge graph approach

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 29-47页

作者： Mark.s Hofmeister k.k.Foong Lee Yi-k.i Tsai Magnus Müller k.rthik.nagarajan Sebastian Mosbach Jethro Ak.oyd Mark.s k.aft Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridgeCB30ASUnited Kingdom Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore CARES Ltd.1 Create WayCREATE Tower#05-05138602Singapore CMCL Innovations Sheraton HouseCambridgeCB30AXUnited Kingdom The Alan Turing Institute 96 Euston RoadLondonNW12DBUnited Kingdom

This paper presents a k.owledge graph-based approach for the dynamic control of a district heating network.with integrated emission dispersion modelling. We propose an interoperable and extensible implementation to forecast the anticipated heat demand of a municipal heating network. minimise associated total generation cost based on a previously devised methodology, and couple it with dispersion simulations for induced airborne pollutants to provide automatic insights into air quality implications of various heat sourcing strategies. We create cross-domain interoperability in the nexus of energy and air quality via newly developed ontologies and semantic software agents, which can be chained together via The World Avatar dynamic k.owledge graph to resemble the behaviour of complex systems. Furthermore, we integrate the City Energy Analyst into this ecosystem to provide building-level insights into energy demand and renewable generation potential to foster strategic analyses and scenario planning. Underlying calculations use building and weather data from the k.owledge graph in place of inherent assumptions in the official software release, facilitating a more data-driven approach. All use cases are implemented for a mid-size town in Germany as a proof-of-concept, and a unified visualisation interface is provided, allowing for the examination of 3D buildings alongside their corresponding energy demand and supply time series, as well as emission dispersion data. With this work. we outline the potential of Semantic Web technologies to connect digital twins for holistic energy modelling in smart cities, thereby addressing the increasing complexity of interconnected energy systems.

关键词： k.owledge graph Digital twin Inter operability Energy modelling Emi ssion dispersi on

Isolation of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Wood and Fabrication of Polylactic Acid(PLA)Based Green Biocomposites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第8期12卷 1455-1474页

作者： Selwin Maria Sek.r Rajini nagarajan Ponsuriyaprak.sh Selvak.mar Ismail Sik.ru Oluwarotimi k.mar k.ishnan Faruq Mohammad Mohammed Rafi Shaik.Nadir Ayrilmis Department of Mechanical Engineering Kalasalingam Academy of Research and EducationKrishnankoil626126India Department of Mechanical Engineering SSM Institute of Engineering and TechnologyDindigul624002India Department of Engineering Centre for Engineering ResearchSchool of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldAL109ABUK INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBNNilai71800Malaysia Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 2455Riyadh11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Wood Mechanics and Technology Faculty of ForestryIstanbul University–CerrahpasaBahcekoySariyerIstanbul34473Turkey

An innovative microcrystalline cellulose(MCC)natural fibre powder-reinforced PLA biocomposite was investigated using the hand lay-up *** polymer matrix composite(PMC)samples were prepared by varying the weight percentages(wt.%)of both PLA matrix and MCC reinforcement:pure PLA/100:0,90:10,80:20,70:30,60:40 and 50:50 wt.%,*** the results obtained,MCC powder,with its impressive aspect ratio,proved to be an ideal reinforcement for the PLA,exhibiting exceptional mechanical *** was evident that the 80:20 wt.%biocomposite sample exhibited the maximum improvement in the tensile,flexural,notched impact,compressive strength and hardness by 28.85%,20.00%,91.66%,21.53%and 35.82%,respectively compared to the pure PLA ***,during the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),the same 80:20 wt.%biocomposite sample showed a minimum weight loss of 20%at 400℃,among *** morphological study using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy(FE-SEM)revealed that the uniform distribution of cellulose reinforcement in the PLA matrix actively improved the mechanical properties of the biocomposites,especially the optimal 80:20 wt.%***,it was evident that the optimal PLA/cellulose biocomposite sample could be a suitable and alternative sustainable,environmentally friendly and biodegradable material for semi/structural applications,replacing synthetic and traditional components.

关键词： Polylactic acid micro crystalline cellulose biocomposite characterizations FESEM environmental pollution

Burn-Up Measurements on Dissolver Solution of Mixed Oxide Fuel Using HPLC-Mass Spectrometric Method

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International Journal of Analytical Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography 2013年第1期1卷 55-60页

作者： S. Bera R. Balasubramanian Arpita Datta R. Sajimol S. Nalini T. S. Lak.hmi Narasimhan M. P. Antony N. Sivaraman k. nagarajan P. R. Vasudeva Rao Chemistry Group Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research Kalpakkam India

Burn-up measurement on an irradiated mixed oxide (MOX) test fuel pellet was carried out through measurements on the dissolver solution by HPLC-Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometric (TIMS) technique. The studies carried out using HPLC as well as TIMS for quantification of burn-up value are described. While in one case, both the separation and determination of elements of interest (U, Pu and Nd) were carried out by HPLC;in another case, TIMS technique was used to quantify them from the HPLC separated *** rapid separation procedures developed in our laboratory earlier were employed to isolate pure fractions of the desired elements. The individual lanthanide fission products (La to Eu) were separated from each other using dynamic ion-exchange chromatographic technique whereas uranium and plutonium were separated from each other using reversed phase chromatographic technique. The pure fractions of U, Pu and Nd obtained after HPLC separation procedure for “spik.d” and “unspik.d” dissolver solutions were used in TIMS measurements for the first time in our laboratory. In TIMS analysis, isotopic abundances of uranium, plutonium and neodymium fractions obtained from HPLC separation procedure on an “unspik.d” fuel sample were measured. For the determination of U, Pu and Nd by isotopic dilution mass spectrometric technique (IDMS), k.own quantities of tracers enriched in 238U, 240Pu and 142Nd were added to the pre-weighed dissolver solution and subjected to HPLC separation procedures. The isotope ratios viz. 142Nd/(145Nd +146Nd), 238U/233U and 240Pu/239Pu in the pertinent “spik.d” fractions were subsequently measured by TIMS. The spik.s were pre-standardized in our laboratory employing reverse isotopic dilution technique against the standard solutions available in our laboratory (for 238U, 239Pu and 142Nd, standard solutions of 233U, 239Pu (of higher abundance than in the sample) and 150Nd were employed as spik.s). The burn-up values from duplicate spik.ng experiments

关键词： MOX Dissolver Solution HPLC TIMS Uranium Plutonium Neodymium

The Impact of Assimilating Radar-estimated Rain Rates on Simulation of Precipitation in the 17-18 July 1996 Chicago Floods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2010年第2期27卷 195-210页

作者： Xingbao WANG M. k. YAU B. nagarajan Luc FILLION Deptartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences McGiU University Montreal Canada Recherche en Prevision Numerique Environment Canada Dorval Montreal Canada

Rainfall prediction remains one of the most challenging problems in weather forecasting. In order to improve high-resolution quantitative precipitation forecasts （QPF）, a new procedure for assimilating rainfall rate derived from radar composite reflectivity has been proposed and tested in a numerical simulation of the Chicago floods of 17–18 July 1996. The methodology is based on the one-dimensional variation scheme （1DVAR） assimilation approach introduced by Fillion and Errico but applied here using the k.in-Fritsch convective parameterization scheme （k. CPS）. The novel feature of this work.is the continuous assimilation of radar estimated rain rate over a three hour period, rather than a single assimilation at the initial （analysis） time. Most of the characteristics of this precipitation event, including the propagation, regeneration of mesoscale convective systems, the frontal boundary across the Midwest and the evolution of the low-level jet are better captured in the simulation as the radar-estimated precipitation rate is assimilated. The results indicate that precipitation assimilation during the early stage can improve the simulated mesoscale feature of the convection system and shorten the spin-up time significantly. Comparison of precipitation forecasts between the experiments with and without the 1DVAR indicates that the 1DVAR scheme has a positive impact on the QPF up to 36 hours in terms of the bias and bias equalized threat scores.

关键词： quantitative precipitation forecasts 1DVAR data assimilation