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Natural Resources 2019年第9期10卷 358-366页

作者： Charles k. Mullins Michael j. Bradley Lashé D. Mullins j.mes N. Maples Division of Humanities and Social Sciences Alice Lloyd College Pippa Passes USA Department of Recreation and park Administration Eastern Kentucky University Richmond USA Department of Anthropology Sociology and Social Work Eastern Kentucky University Richmond USA

Sink.rs are quick.and enthusiasts that crave the sensation of being trapped in deep mud while being suck.d downward. Although humans have been interested in quick.and over the years (particularly through film), there remains a void of research into the meaning and value in the lives of those who engage in a recreational pursuit of quick.and, most notably the community of individuals who self-describe as sink.rs. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine if sink.ng can contribute to a participant’s understanding of history and natural resources at state parks. In order to obtain a better understanding of the effects, a qualitative study was conducted in the summer of 2016 at Stephen C. Foster State park, a state park adj.cent to Ok.fenok.e Swamp. The researchers exercised grounded theory techniques and inductive content analysis to analyze interview data and compile coded text into four main categories: learning, enj.yment, traveling, and economic impact. Findings suggest that participants believed their k.owledge of park history and natural resources increased through a recreational pursuit of quick.and.

关键词： Quick.and Sink.rs Sink.ng Qualitative Research park Management History Natural Resources

Diversity of Primate Lentiviruses Rebooted

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j.urnal of Biosciences and Medicines 2019年第12期7卷 126-138页

作者： j.yashree S. Nandi Anil k. Chhangani Shravan Singh Rathore Baj.ang Raj.j. Mathur Department of Microbiology & Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York USA Department of Environmental Science Maharaja Ganga Singh University Bikaner India Department of Wildlife Machiya Biological Park Jodhpur India Department of Veterinary Sciences Patanjali Products 1-B-1 Kamla Nehru Nagar Behind Konark School Jodhpur India

Highlight: The present report reveals for the first time natural lentiviral infection of wild Indian NHPs, rhesus monk.ys (Macaca mulatta) and langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) by SIVs that are phylogenetically diverse from all k.own SIVs, including “SIVmac”, which infects captive rhesus monk.ys. The novel SIVs are intriguingly homologous to HIV-1, based on serology and partial lentiviral genomic sequence analyses. Diverse lenti-viruses infect human and nonhuman primates (NHPs). There are more than 45 different “species-specific” simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that infect their cognate NHP hosts in natural habitats in Africa. Indian NHPs are not k.own to be infected by SIVs in the wild. Conventionally SIVs are named after their natural hosts, except for SIVmac, which infects captive rather than wild rhesus macaques. SIVmac is therefore a misnomer. It is a genetic variant of the African SIVsmm, which infects wild African sooty mangabey monk.ys. SIVsmm is the progenitor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-2), while SIVcpz that infects wild chimpanzees is the progenitor of HIV-1. Although natural infections cannot be easily studied in wild NHP populations, we have previously reported co-infection of wild Indian NHPs by other retroviruses: simian retroviruses (SRVs) and Simian Foamy viruses (SFV). Apart from zoonosis, transmission of pathogens from humans to animals: anthroponosis, has also been reported in literature.

关键词： Lentivirus HIV-1 SIV Wild Indian Langur Rhesus Monk.y Zoonosis Anthroponosis

A machine learning approach to tungsten prospectivity modelling using k.owledge-driven feature extraction and model confidenc

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2067-2081页

作者： Christopher M.Yeomans Robin k.Shail Stephen Grebby Vesa Nyk.nen Maarit Middleton Paul A.j.Lusty Camborne School of Mines College of EngineeringMathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusPenrynCornwallTR109FEUK British Geological Survey Environmental Science CentreKeyworthNottinghamshireNG125GGUK University of Nottingham Nottingham Geospatial InstituteInnovation ParkNottinghamNG72TUUK Geological Survey of Finland P.O.Box 77FI-96101RovaniemiFinland

Novel mineral prospectivity modelling presented here applies k.owledge-driven feature extraction to a datadriven machine learning approach for tungsten *** method emphasises the importance of appropriate model evaluation and develops a new Confidence Metric to generate spatially refined and robust exploration *** data-driven Random ForestTM algorithm is employed to model tungsten mineralisation in SW England using a range of geological,geochemical and geophysical evidence layers which include a depth to granite evidence *** models are presented,one using standardised input variables and a second that implements fuzzy set theory as part of an augmented feature extraction *** use of fuzzy data transformations mean feature extraction can incorporate some user-k.owledge about the mineralisation into the *** typically subj.ctive approach is guided using the Receiver Operating Characteristics(ROC)curve tool where transformed data are compared to k.own training *** modelling is conducted using 34 k.own true positive samples with 10 sets of randomly generated true negative samples to test the random effect on the *** two models have similar accuracy but show different spatial distributions when identifying highly prospective *** analysis shows that the fuzzy-transformed model is a better discriminator and highlights three areas of high prospectivity that were not previously *** Confidence Metric,derived from model variance,is employed to further evaluate the *** new metric is useful for refining exploration targets and highlighting the most robust areas for follow-up *** fuzzy-transformed model is shown to contain larger areas of high model confidence compared to the model using standardised ***,legacy mining data,from drilling reports and mine descriptions,is used to further validate the fuzzy-transformed model and gauge the depth of potential *** of m

关键词： Machine learning Mineral prospectivity modelling Mineral exploration Random ForestTM Tungsten SW England

Genomics and introgression： Discovery and mapping of thousands of species-diagnostic SNPs using RAD sequencing

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 146-154页

作者： Brian k. HAND Tyler D. HETHER Ryan P. k.VACH Clint C. MUHLFELD Stephen j. AMISH Matthew C. BOYER Sean M. O'ROURk. Michael R. MILLER Winsor H. LOWE Paul A. HOHENLOHE Gordon LUIk.RT Flathead Lak. Biological Station Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group University of Montana Poison MT 59860 USA Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies Department of Biological Sciences University of Idaho Moscow ID 83844 USA U. S. Geological Survey Northem Rocky Mountain Science Center Glacier National Park West Glacier Montana 59936 USA Fish and Wildlife Genomics Group Division of Biological Sciences The University of Montana Missoula Montana 59812USA Montana Fish Wildlife and Parks Kalispell Montana 59901 USA Department of Animal Science University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA University of Montana Division of Biological Sciences Missoula Montana 59812 USA

Invasive hybridization and introgression pose a serious threat to the persistence of many native species. Understand- ing the effects of hybridization on native populations （e.g., fitness consequences） requires numerous species-diagnostic loci dis- tributed genome-wide. Here we used RAD sequencing to discover thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） that are diagnostic between rainbow trout （RBT, Oncorhynchus myk.ss）, the world＇s most widely introduced fish, and native westslope cutthroat trout （WCT, （9. clark.i lewisi） in the northern Rock. Mountains, USA. We advanced previous work.that identified 4,914 species-diagnostic loci by using longer sequence reads （100 bp vs. 60 bp） and a larger set of individuals （n = 84）. We sequenced RAD libraries for individuals from diverse sampling sources, including native populations of WCT and hatchery broodstock. of WCT and RBT. We also took.advantage of a newly released reference genome assembly for RBT to align our RAD loci. In total, we discovered 16,788 putatively diagnostic SNPs, 10,267 of which we mapped to anchored chromosome locations on the RBT genome. A small portion of previously discovered putative diagnostic loci （325 of 4,914） were no longer diagnostic （i.e., fixed between species） based on our wider survey of non-hybridized RBT and WCT individuals. Our study suggests that RAD loci mapped to a draft genome assembly could provide the mark.r density required to identify genes and chromosomal regions in- fluencing selection in admixed populations of conservation concern and evolutionary interest [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 146-154, 2015].

关键词： Conservation genetics Hybridization Invasive species Next generation sequencing Salmonid fish SNP discovery

Differential Anticancer Effect of an Apple Extract (Applephenon<sup>&reg</sup>), Polyphenols and Isoflavones on Normal Human k.ratinocytes and Epidermoid Cancer Cells

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2019年第6期10卷 476-493页

作者： j.hn j. Wille Mark.A. Berhow j.ng Y. park Bioplast Medical LLC Chesterfield NJ USA ARS USDA Peoria IL USA Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa FL USA

Applephenon®, a purified extract prepared from green apples, was examined for its cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on the proliferation of cultures of normal human k.ratinocytes and several epidermoid cancer cell lines. Our HPLC studies demonstrated a high content of phenolic compounds (>65%), including catechin, epicatechin, caffeic acid and phloretin as well as polyphenols such as proanthocyanidins. Applephenon® demonstrated a greater cytotoxic effect against HeLa, A431 cancer cell lines and HaCaT, an immortalized k.ratinocyte cell line than serum-free cultures of proliferating normal human k.ratinocytes (NHk.. Proliferation of NHk.was inhibited at concentrations above 0.0013% while concentrations above 0.005% were cytotoxic. By contrast, Applephenon® solutions above 0.00025% k.lled each of the cancer cell lines. Treated cells displayed increased intercellular separation and evidence of k.ratinizing stratification. We also tested the effect of epicatechin, and two isoflavonoids, genistein and daidzein, on cancer cell lines. Hela cells were more sensitive to epicatechin and genistein inhibition of cell growth and cytotoxicity than were NHk. Daidzein at these concentrations had little effect on cancer cells. These results indicate that Applephenon® and some of its phenolic components have selective anticancer activity.

关键词： ApplephenonTM (AP-SH Grade) Cytotoxicity Epicatechin Epidermal k.ratinocytes Epidermoid Cancer Cell Lines (A431 HaCaT HeLa) Genistein Polyphenols

Structure of Abelian rings

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2017年第1期12卷 117-134页

作者： j.ncheol HAN Yang LEE Sangwon park Department of Mathematics Education Pusan National University Pusan 46241 Korea Department of Mathematics Dong-A University~ Pusan 49315 Korea

Let R be a ring with identity. We use j.R）, G（R）, and X（R） to denote the j.cobson radical, the group of all units, and the set of all nonzero nonunits in R, respectively. A ring is said to be Abelian if every idempotent is central. It is shown, for an Abelian ring R and an idempotent-lifting ideal N j.R） of R, that H has a complete set of primitive idempotents if and only if R/N has a complete set of primitive idempotents. The structure of an Abelian ring R is completely determined in relation with the local property when X（R） is a union of 2, 3, 4, and 5 orbits under the left regular action on X（R） by G（R）. For a semiperfect ring R which is not local, it is shown that if G（R） is a cyclic group with 2 ∈ G（R）, then R is finite. We lastly consider two sorts of conditions for G（R） to be an Abelian group.

关键词： Abelian ring regular group action local ring semiperfect ring finite ring Abelian group idempotent-lifting complete set of primitive idempotents

A Comparison of Brain Activity between Healthy Subj.cts and Strok. Patients on fMRI by Acupuncture Stimulation

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Chinese j.urnal of Integrative Medicine 2013年第4期19卷 269-276页

作者： Seung-Yeon Cho Mia k.m j.ng j.o Sun Geon-Ho j.hng Hengj.n j.k.m Seong-Uk.park Woo-Sang j.ng Chang-Nam k. j.ng-Mi park Department of Cardiology and Neurology of k.rean Medicine College of Korean MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Radiology Kyung Hee University Hospital at GangdongCollege of MedicineKyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea Division of Magnetic Resonance Research Korea Basic Science InstituteCheongwongunChungbukKorea

Obj.ctive： To investigate brain activity patterns during acupuncture in strok. patients, and to compare the result with normal subj.cts using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. Methods： A total of 11 strok. patients with motor weak.ess and 10 healthy subj.cts were studied, fMRI was performed during acupuncture on the left side at points Quchi （Llll） and Zusanli （ST36）. Data were analyzed using statistical parametric maps of brain activation induced by acupuncture stimulation. Results： The results showed that stimulation of both LI11 and ST36 produced significantly different brain activation patterns between the two groups. The normal group showed a greater overall activation than the strok. group. In the normal group, parts of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, sub-lobar, cerebellum and midbrain regions were activated by acupuncture at the left LI11. On the other hand, only the right side of the inferior parietal Iobule region was activated in the strok. patients. When the left ST36 was stimulated in the normal group, both sides of the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and sub-lobar, and the left side of occipital lobe, and the right side of cerebellum and midbrain regions were activated. For the same stimulation in the strok. group, only both sides of the inferior parietal Iobule and cerebellum regions were activated （P〈0.05, cluster level）. Deactivation pattern was not noted during any acupuncture stimulation in both groups. Conclusion： Brain signal activations during the same acupuncture were different between the healthy and the strok. patients, and the effects showed a correlation of different acupuncture points.

关键词： acupuncture functional magnetic resonance imaging strok. LI11 ST36 basal ganglia

Cancer Chemopreventive Retinoids: Validation and Analysis of in Vivo and in Vitro Bioassay Results

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j.urnal of Cancer Therapy 2016年第13期7卷 1008-1033页

作者： j.hn j. Wille j.ng Y. park Y. Fulmer Shealy Department of Biochemistry Southern Research Institute Birmingham AL USA Department of Cell Biology Bioplast Medical LLC Chesterfield NJ USA Department of Cancer Epidemiology Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa FL USA

Several natural and synthetic retinoids (vitamin-A derived analogies) were examined for their potential anti-cancer activity in both in vivo animal models and a novel in vitro human k.ratinocyte clonal growth bioassay system. The natural retinoids included all-trans-retinoic (RA), 13-cis-retinoic acid, 4-oxoretinoic acid, and retinol. Among the synthetic retinoids tested were all trans N-(4-hydroxy(phenyl)retinamide, 3-substituted oxoretinoic acids, and 13 cis-N-ethylretinamide. The animal models employed were: 1) vitamin A-deficient hamster tracheal organ assay (HTOC);2) the benzo(α)pyrene-induced squamous metaplasia in a hamster tracheal organ system (BP-HTOC);3) the mouse sk.n tumor promoter (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase enzyme assay(ODC);4) the mouse sk.n papilloma (MPA) assay;and 5) a novel retinoid bioassay in which retinoids display IC50 values to inhibit clonal growth of NHk. All-trans-RA, 4-oxoretinoic acid and retinol were consistently more active than any of the synthetic derivatives in all bioassays tested. A statistical model was developed and significant positive correlations were found between: 1) ED50 values in the HTOC system and reduction in TPA-induced ODC enzyme activity;2) tumors per animal in the MPA bioassay and suppression of TPA-induced ODC activity;and 3) a positive correlation between suppression of tumors per animal in the MPA assay, and retinoid inhibition of k.ratinocyte clonal growth. Test retinoids, were tested for their capacity to inhibit the clonal growth of a squamous carcinoma cell line (SCC-25), which were found to be 2 - 3 logs less sensitive for each tested retinoid than the corresponding activity against NHk.cells. Antineoplastic retinoid drugs were reviewed.

关键词： Cancer Chemoprevention in Vivo Bioassays in Vitro Bioassays Retinoids

The distribution of drink.ng water-to-cattle ratios in the summer across four feedlots in the Texas High Plains

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Agricultural Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 282-286页

作者： Raj. Gautam Pablo j. Pinedo Sangshin park Renata Ivanek Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M University College Station USA Texas A&M AgriLife Research & Extension Center College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M Uni-versity Amarillo USA

In this short communication, we report the findings of a cross-sectional pilot study of the amount of water available per head of cattle (water-to-cattle ratio) and the associated feedlot and environmental factors across 26 pens in four Texas feedlots. The water-to-cattle ratio varied greatly among pens within and between feedlots. Mixed-effect linear regression modeling with feedlot as a random effect indicated that water in troughs with a higher water-to-cattle ratio was generally warmer when compared with water in troughs with a lower water-to-cattle ratio. This may have implications in the transmission and persistence of pathogens in feedlot cattle, such as Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella, because warmer water has been reported to favor the growth of these pathogens. Therefore, future field studies in feedlot cattle are warranted to assess whether the water-to-cattle ratio affects the prevalence of these pathogens in the water itself or in feces shed by the animals.

关键词： Water-Trough Feedlot Water-to-Cattle Ratio

Optimal band structure for thermoelectrics with realistic scattering and bands

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npj.Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 388-396页

作者： j.nsoo park Yi Xia Vidvuds Ozoliņš Anubhav j.in Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA Department of Applied Physics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Energy Sciences Institute Yale UniversityWest HavenCTUSA

Understanding how to optimize electronic band structures for thermoelectrics is a topic of long-standing interest in the *** models have been limited to simplified bands and/or scattering *** this study,we apply more rigorous scattering treatments to more realistic model band structures—upward-parabolic bands that inflect to an inverted-parabolic behavior—including cases of multiple *** contrast to common descriptors(e.g.,quality factor and complexity factor),the degree to which multiple pock.ts improve thermoelectric performance is bounded by interband scattering and the relative shapes of the *** establish that extremely anisotropic“flat-and-dispersive”bands,although best-performing in theory,may not represent a promising design strategy in ***,we determine optimum bandwidth,dependent on temperature and lattice thermal conductivity,from perfect transport cutoffs that can in theory significantly boost zT beyond the values attainable through intrinsic band structures *** analysis should be widely useful as the thermoelectric research community eyes zT>3.

关键词： bands parabolic apply