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Energy enhancement of laser-driven ions by radiation reaction and Breit-Wheeler pair production in the ultra-relativistic transparency regime

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high Power Laser Science and Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 60-73页

作者： Shikha Bhadoria Mattias Marklund Christoph h.keitel Max-Planck-Institut für kernphysik HeidelbergGermany Department of Physics University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden

The impact of radiation reaction and Breit±Wheeler pair production on the acceleration of fully ionized carbon ions driven by an intense linearly polarized laser pulse has been investigated in the ultra-relativistic transparency *** initial expectations, the radiation reaction and pair production at ultra-high laser intensities are found to enhance the energy gained by the ions. The electrons lose most of their transverse momentum, and the additionally produced pair plasma of Breit±Wheeler electrons and positrons co-streams in the forward direction as opposed to the existing electrons streaming at an angle above zero degree. We discuss how these observations could be explained by the changes in the phase velocity of the Buneman instability, which is known to aid ion acceleration in the breakout afterburner regime, by tapping the free energy in the relative electron and ion streams. We present evidence that these non-classical effects can further improve the highest carbon ion energies in this transparency regime.

关键词： ion acceleration quantum electrodynamic effects

Spontaneous Recovery in Directed Dynamical Networks

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 208-214页

作者： Xueming Liu Xian Yan h.Eugene Stanley School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation&The MOE Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems&the key Laboratory of Image Processing Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Center for Polymer Studies Department of PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Complex networked systems,which range from biological systems in the natural world to infrastructure systems in the human-made world,can exhibit spontaneous recovery after a failure;for example,a brain may spontaneously return to normal after a seizure,and traffic flow can become smooth again after a *** studies on the spontaneous recovery of dynamical networks have been limited to undirected ***,most real-world networks are *** fill this gap,we build a model in which nodes may alternately fail and recover,and we develop a theoretical tool to analyze the recovery properties of directed dynamical *** find that the tool can accurately predict the final fraction of active nodes,and the prediction accuracy decreases as the fraction of bidirectional links in the network increases,which emphasizes the importance of directionality in network *** to different initial states,directed dynamical networks may show alternative stable states under the same control parameter,exhibiting hysteresis *** addition,for networks with finite sizes,the fraction of active nodes may jump back and forth between high and low states,mimicking repetitive failure-recovery *** findings could help clarify the system recovery mechanism and enable better design of networked systems with high resilience.

关键词： Network resilience Directed dynamical networks Spontaneous recovery

Microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with different prestrain levels

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第4期171卷 80-93页

作者： Y.h.Zhang h.Li Z.W.Yang X.Liu Q.F.Gu State key Laboratory of Solidification Processing School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi key Laboratory of high-Performance Precision Forming Technology and Equipment Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy(SMA)is a promising material in the aerospace field due to its wide transformation *** application of shape memory effect depends on multistep thermomechan-ical loading,viz.,low-temperature deformation and subsequent heating to ***-temperature deformation prestrain plays a pivotal role in shape memory properties tailoring of SMA ***,microstructure evolution and deformation mechanisms of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)SMA subjected to vari-ous prestrain levels are still *** this end,microstructure evolution and shape memory behaviors of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)alloy subjected to multistep thermomechanical loading with prestrain levels of 8%-16%at-28℃(M_(s)+30℃)were *** results demonstrate that the stress-strain curve of the specimen exhibits four distinct stages at a maximal prestrain of 16%.Whereas stageⅡand stageⅢend at prestrains of∼8%and∼12%,*** stageⅡ,the stress-induced martensitic transformation is accompanied by the dislocation slip of the NiTi matrix andβ-Nb *** stageⅢ,in addition to the higher density of dislocations and further growth of stress-induced martensite variants(SIMVs),(001)compound twins are introduced as a result of the(001)deformation twinning in stress-induced ***{20-1}martensite twins are gradually introduced in stageⅣ.Correspondingly,after subsequent unloading and heating,a higher density of{114}austenite twins form in the specimen with a larger prestrain of 16%.With increasing prestrain from 8%to 16%,the recoverable strainε_(re)^(T)upon heating increases first and then ***ε_(re)^(T)obtains a maximum of 7.03%at 10%prestrain and de-creases to 6.17%at 16%*** increase ofε_(re)^(T)can be attributed to the formation of new SIMVs,the further growth of existing SIMVs,and the recoverable(001)compound *** the decrease ofε_(re)^(T)is mainly associated with the irrecoverable strain by{20−1}martensite *** effe

关键词： Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_(9)shape memory alloy Wide transformation hysteresis Thermomechanical loading Microstructure evolution Shape memory behaviors Stress-induced martensitic transformation Deformation twinning

Study of ZnO nanoparticle-supported clay minerals for electrochemical sensors,photocatalysis,and antioxidant applications

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ChemPhysMater 2024年第1期3卷 83-93页

作者： Mylarappa M N.Raghavendra N.R.Bhumika C.h.Chaithra B.N.Nagalaxmi k.N.Shravana kumara Department of Chemistry Sri Jagadguru Renukacharya College of ScienceArts&CommerceBengaluru 560009India Department of Chemistry East West Institute of TechnologyBengaluru 560091India Department of Chemistry Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for WomenBengaluru 560012India

In view of the current study’s demonstration of the synthesis of clay-doped ZnO composites,we present a low-cost method for producing clay-metal oxide(clay/ZnO).Utilizing the solution combustion technique,a composite of clay/ZnO was produced utilizing citric acid as both a fuel and a complexing *** hexagonal unit cell structure of the created clay/ZnO may be seen using XRD *** ZnO-infused clay was visible in FE-SEM micrographs as homogenous,sphere-shaped *** possible involvement of clay/ZnO photocatalytic activity in the UV-induced photodegradation of malachite green dye was *** 90%degradation rate shows the composite’s outstanding photocatalytic degradation *** resulting substance was electrochemically analyzed using a constructed electrode in 0.1 M kOh *** increased its sensor capabilities,which now include chemical and biomolecule sensors,and it excelled in cyclic voltammetry-based redox potential *** efficiently evaluate chemically synthesized NPs for electrochemical,sensing,and photocatalytic applications,this study intends to create a solution combustion procedure for the synthesis of clay/ZnO nanocomposite using urea as fuel.

关键词： Clay Clay/ZnO Photocatalytic Electrochemical sensors

Prospect Theory Based Individual Irrationality Modelling and Behavior Inducement in Pandemic Control

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第7期140卷 139-170页

作者： Wenxiang Dong h.Vicky Zhao Department of Automation BNRistTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic ***,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the ***,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual *** address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic *** to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is ***,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of *** and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.

关键词： Disease spread behavior model irrationality prospect theory

DFT investigation of half-metallic ferromagnetic rare earth based spinels Mgho_(2)Z_(4)(Z=S,Se)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 121-128,I0005页

作者： Maiza Zanib Mumtaz Manzoor N.A.Noor M.Waqas Iqbal Mazia Asghar h.h.hegazy A.Laref Department of Physics Riphah International UniversityLahore CampusPakistan Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science King Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityP.O.Box 9004AbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Physics and Astronomy College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia

half-metallic ferromagnetism,mechanical as well as thermoelectric properties for rare earth-based spinels Mgho_(2)Z_(4)(Z=S,Se)were investigated using density functional theory(DFT).Structural optimization was done with Perdew-Burke-Ehrenzorf(PBE)sol-generalized gradient approximation(GGA)to calculate the lattice constant of both spinels comparable to experimental *** addition,Born stability criteria and negative formation energy show that our studied spinels are also structurally and dynamically stable in the cubic *** ferromagnetic(FM)state stability,we also calculated the energy differences among FM,antiferromagnetic(AFM),and non-magnetic(NM)***,Curie temperatures of ferromagnetic phases were also *** used Trans-Blaha improved BeckeJohnson(TB-mBJ)potential functional for electronics as well as magnetic characteristics,which lead to the consistent explanation of half-metallic ferromagnetism,representing the whole band-occupancy in material with exact detail of density of states(DOS).The stable FM state was examined in spinels due to the exchange splitting of ho cation consisting of p-d hybridizations compatible with the result achieved for electronics band structure and ***,spin magnetic moment was explained in terms of anion,cation,and sharing charge on studied *** addition,the calculated thermoelectric properties clearly show that operation range of these systems may be utilized by future experimental works for identifying the potential applications of these systems.

关键词： ho-based spinels DFT simulations Mechanical parameters Electronic properties hM ferromagnetism Figure of merit

Mast cell activation syndrome:An up-to-date review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 104-113页

作者： ÖnerÖzdemir Gökçe kasımoğlu Ayşegül Bak hüseyin Sütlüoğlu Süreyya Savaşan Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Sakarya UniversitySakaryaAdapazarı54100Türkiye Department of Pediatrics Sakarya UniversitySakaryaAdapazarı54100Türkiye Department of Pediatrics Kocaeli City HospitalKocaeli 50123Türkiye Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital of MichiganHematology/OncologyCentral Michigan University College of MedicineMount PleasantMI 48859United States Barbara Ann karmanos Cancer Institute Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 12345United States

Mast cells are a subtype of white blood cells and are involved in the immune *** cells contain many chemical substances called mediators,which are involved in the allergic *** fact that mast cells play a role in many events that require urgent intervention,especially anaphylaxis,has led to a more detailed study of these *** diseases also caused by dysfunctions of mast cells have been examined in many *** instance,mast cell activation syndrome is known as an augmented number of cells due to decreased cell death,resulting in clinical symptoms affecting many *** main common symptoms include flushing,hypotension,urticaria,angioedema,headache,vomiting and *** the underlying mechanism is not yet clearly known,we aim to review the literature in a broad perspective and bring together the existing knowledge in the light of the literature due to the diversity of its involvement in the body and the fact that it is a little known syndrome.

关键词： Mast cell Mast cell activation syndrome Tryptase histamine

A Comprehensive Review on Charging Topologies and Power Electronic Converter Solutions for Electric Vehicles

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2024年第3期12卷 675-694页

作者： Abdelfatah Ali hossam h.h.Mousa Mostafa F.Shaaban Maher A.Azzouz Ahmed S.A.Awad the Department of Electrical Engineering American University of Sharjah26666 SharjahUnited Arab Emirates the Department of Electrical Engineering South Valley University83523 QenaEgypt the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WindsorWindsorON N9B 3P4 Canada Electrical Engineering Department Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat123Oman

Electric vehicles(EVs)are becoming more popular worldwide due to environmental concerns,fuel security,and price *** performance of EVs relies on the energy stored in their batteries,which can be charged using either AC(slow)or DC(fast)***,EVs can also be used as mobile power storage devices using vehicle-to-grid(V2G)*** electronic converters(PECs)have a constructive role in EV applications,both in charging EVs and in ***,this paper comprehensively investigates the state of the art of EV charging topologies and PEC solutions for EV *** examines PECs from the point of view of their classifications,configurations,control approaches,and future research prospects and their impacts on power *** can be classified into various topologies:DC-DC converters,AC-DC converters,DC-AC converters,and AC-AC *** address the limitations of traditional DC-DC converters such as switching losses,size,and high-electromagnetic interference(EMI),resonant converters and multiport converters are being used in high-voltage EV ***,power-train converters have been modified for high-efficiency and reliability in EV *** paper offers an overview of charging topologies,PECs,challenges with solutions,and future trends in the field of the EV charging station applications.

关键词： Charging station charging topology electric vehicle power electronic converter vehicle-to-grid

Rational design of AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： h.X.Lu h.Liu Z.Z.Fu Y.Y.Chen h.Q.Dai Z.hu W.L.Zhang R.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China Zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesize highly luminescent AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner ZnS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer ZnS shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesized AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQY reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in Zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between Zn cation diffusion and ZnS shelling ***,the ZnS shelling reaction was dominant when ZnCl_(2)was employed,while Zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the ZnS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface