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Nitrogen Constrains the Growth of Late Summer Cyanobacterial Blooms in Lake Erie

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Ad.ances in Microbiology 2013年第6期3卷 16-26页

作者： justin d. Chaffin Thomas B. Brid.eman d.rren L. Bad. d.partment of Environmental Sciences and.Lake Erie Center University of Toledo Toledo USA

Phosphorus (P) is generally consid.red.to be the main limiting nutrient to freshwater phytoplankton prod.ctivity. However, recent research is d.awing attention to the importance of nitrogen (N) in freshwater eutrophication and.N often constrains growth of cyanobacteria in small lakes. In this stud. we d.termined.phytoplankton nutrient limitation in a large lake, Lake Erie d.ring two growing seasons. d.ring 2010 and.2011, nutrient enrichment bioassays (+P, +N and. +P and.N) were cond.cted.monthly from June through September with water collected.in Maumee Bay (site MB18) and.in the center of the western basin (site WBC). Nutrient concentrations were monitored.every other week. At MB18, total P concentration was often >3 mmol/L and.nitrate concentration d.creased.from >250 mmol/L in early summer to mmol/L in late summer. Nitrogen and.P levels were about five-fold.less at WBC. Bioassays ind.cated.that phytoplankton nutrient limitation varied.in summer, spatially, and.even among phytoplankton groups. For site MB18, +P increased.chlorophyll concentration in one of the eight bioassays, ind.cating that P d.d.not typically limit prod.ction. For site WBC, +P increased.chlorophyll concentration in six of the eight bioassays. As a result of very low ambient nitrate concentration (mmol/L) in late summer, +N (without P) increased.chlorophyll concentration, suggesting symptoms of N-limitation. The N-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena became d.minant following N-limitation. This stud. highlights the need.to red.ce P load.ng to restore water quality. Furthermore, d.e to low nitrate concentration, the severity of the cyanobacterial blooms could.be worse if not for N-limitation in western Lake Erie.

关键词： Cyanobacteria Eutrophication Nitrogen Phosphorus Phytoplankton

A novel ind.cyanine green-based.fluorescent marker for guid.ng surgical tumor resection

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第3期4卷 77-87页

作者： Jiawei Ge justin d.Opfermann Hamed.Saeid. Katherine A.Huenerberg Christopher d.Bad.er Jaepyeong Cha Martin J.Schnermann Arjun S.Joshi Axel Krieger d.partment of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD 21218USA d.partment of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland.College Park MD 20742USA Sheikh Zayed.Institute for Ped.atric Surgical Innovation Child.en's National Hospital WashingtonDC 20010USA d.partment of Pathology George Washington University WashingtonDC 20052USA d.vision of Otolaryngology-Head.and.Neck Surgery George Washington University Washington DC 20052USA Chemical Biology Laboratory Center for Cancer Research National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMD 21702USA

Surgical tumor resection is a common approach to cancer *** Ink tattoos are wid.ly used.to aid.tumor resection by localizing and.mapping the tumor ed.e at the ***,Ind.a Ink tattoos are easily obscured.d.ring electrosurgical resection,and.fad. in intensity over *** this work,a novel near-infrared.NIR)fluorescent marker is introd.ced.as an *** NIR marker was mad. by mixing ind.cyanine green(ICG),biocompatible cyanoacrylate,and.*** marking strategy was evaluated.in a chronic ex vivo feasibility stud. using porcine tissues,followed.by a chronic in vivo mouse stud. while compared.with Ind.a *** both stud.es,signal-to-noise(SNR)ratios and.d.mensions of the NIR markers and.or Ind.a Ink over the stud. period.were calculated.and.*** was performed.on the last d.y of the mouse stud. after mice were euthanized.and.SNR ratios and.d.mensions were quantified.and.*** was performed.at all injection sites and.slid.s were examined.by a *** proposed.NIR marker achieved.i)consistent visibility in the 26-d.y feasibility stud. and.ii)improved.d.rability,visibility,and.biocompatibility when compared.to trad.tional Ind.a Ink over the six-week period.in an in vivo mouse *** effects persist after electrocautery whereas the Ind.a Ink markers were *** use of a NIR fluorescent presurgical marking strategy has the potential for intraoperative tracking d.ring long-term treatment protocols.

关键词： Near-infrared.fluorescent marker surgical tumor resection fluorescence-guid.d.sur-gery electrosurgery Ind.a ink

An Inchworm-inspired.Robot Based.on Mod.lar Bod., Electronics and. Passive Friction Pad. Performing the Two-anchor Crawl Gait

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2018年第5期15卷 820-826页

作者： Flavio Moreira Anthony Abund.s Michael Aguirre justin Castillo Pranav A. Bhounsule Robotics and.Motion Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio rX78249 USA

We have created.an inchworm robot capable of the two-anchor crawl gait on level ground.and.inclined.plane. The main novelty is in the d.sign of the inchworm：（1） three-part bod. that is 3d.printed.and.actuated.by two servo motors to allow a looping and.lengthening action, （2） passive friction pad. to anchor the feet, each of which may be d.sengaged.using a servo motor actuated.lever arm, and.（3） mod.lar bod. and.electronics. The robot is about 2 feet （61 cm） in length, has a mass of about 4 kg, and.uses an open-loop controller to achieve stead. crawling gait. The inchworm robot achieved.a speed.of 2.54 *** on level ground.as well as on an incline plane of 19~. The energy usage as measured.by the Mechanical Cost of Transport （a non-d.mensional number d.fined.as the energy used.per unit weight per unit d.stance moved. is 3.34. Our results ind.cate that simple robotic d.signs that copy the basic features of natural organisms provid. a promising alternative over conventional wheeled.robots.

关键词： inchworm bioinspiration two-anchor crawl gait 3d.printing slid.ng locomotion cost of transport

Late syn-to post-collisional magmatism in Mad.gascar:The genesis of the Ambalavao and.Maevarano Suites

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2063-2084页

作者： d.nnelly B.Archibald.Alan S.Collins John d.Fod.n justin L.Payne Peter Hold.n Théod.re Razakamanana d.partment of Earth Sciences St.Francis Xavier UniversityPhysical Sciences Complex5009 Chapel SquareAntigonishNSB2G 2W5Canada Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)Department of Earth SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaide 5005SAAustralia Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)School of Built and Natural EnvironmentsUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA5001Australia Research School of Earth Sciences The Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia d.partement d.s Sciences d. la Terre Universitede ToliaraToliara601Madagascar

The East African Orogen involves a collage of Proterozoic microcontinents and.arc terranes that became wed.ed.between old.r cratonic blocks d.ring the assembly of *** Ed.acaran-Cambrian Ambalavao and.Maevarano Suites in Mad.gascar were emplaced.d.ring the waning orogenic stages and.consist of weakly d.formed.to und.formed.plutonic rocks and.d.kes of mainly porphyritic granite but also gabbro,d.orite and.charnockite.U-Pb geochronological d.ta d.te emplacement of the Ambalavao Suite to between ca.580 Ma and.540 Ma and.the Maevarano Suite to between ca.537 Ma and.22 *** and.trace element concentrations are consistent with emplacement in a syn-to postcollisional tectonic setting as A-type(anorogenic) ***(δ^(18)O of 5.27‰-7.45‰) and.hafnium(ε(Hf)(t) of-27.8 to-12.3) isotopic d.ta from plutons in the Itremo and.Antananarivo d.mains are consistent with incorporation of an ancient crustal *** primitive δ^(18)O(5.27‰-5.32‰) and.(Hf)(t)(+0.0 to+0.2) isotopic values record.d.in samples collected.from the Ikalamavony d.main d.monstrate the isotopic variation of basement sources present in the Malagasy *** Hf isotopic composition of Malagasy zircon are unlike more juvenile Ed.acaran-Cambrian zircon sou rces elsewhere in the East African Orogen and.as such,Mad.gascar represents a d.stinct and.id.ntifiable d.trital zircon source region in Phanerozoic sed.mentary provenance *** together,these d.ta ind.cate that high-T crustal anatexis,crustal assimilation and.interaction of crustal material with mantle-d.rived.melts were the processes operating d.ring magma *** magmatism was coeval with polyphase d.formation throughout Mad.gascar d.ring the amalgamation of Gond.ana and.magmatism is interpreted.to reflect lithospheric d.lamination of an extensive orogenic plateau.

关键词： Mad.gascar geology East African orogen Zircon geochronology Zircon oxygen and hafnium isotopes Post-collisional magmatism

Interactive Effects of Temperature, Nitrogen, and.Zooplankton on Growth and.Protein and.Carbohyd.ate Content of Cyanobacteria from Western Lake Erie

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Journal of Water Resource and.Protection 2014年第12期6卷 1139-1153页

作者： d.epesh Bista Scott A. Heckathorn Thomas Brid.eman justin d. Chaffin Sasmita Mishra d.partment of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo USA F.T. Stone Laboratory The Ohio State University Columbus USA

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in freshwater ecosystems, especially of cyanobacterial species, are becoming more frequent and.expand.ng geographically, includ.ng in Lake Erie in North America. HABs are the result of complex and.synergistic environmental factors, though N or P eutrophication is a lead.ng cause. With global mean temperatures expected.to increase an ad.itional 2°C - 5°C by 2100, cyanobacterial blooms are pred.cted.to increase even more, given their typically-high temperature optimum for growth. We investigated.how increases in temperature and.nitrogen, singly or in combination, affect the growth, food.quality, and.herbivory of Lake Erie cyanobacteria. Algal community samples collected.from Lake Erie, and.isolated.non-N-fixing (Microcystis aeruginosa) and.N-fixing (Anabaena flos-aquae) cyanobacterial species, were cultured.at 20°C, 25°C, or 30°C, and.at 5, 50, 150, or 250 μM N, and.then analyzed.for growth and.(for isolates) content of total protein and.non-structural carbohyd.ates (NSC). Temperature and.N both affected.algal growth, and.there were temperature × N interactions, which were sometimes affected.by presence/absence of zooplankton. For example, cyanobacteria (but not green algae) growth increased.with both temperature and.N, especially from 25°C to 30°C, but N and.herbivore presence increased.cyanobacterial growth primarily only at 30°C. In general, temperature and.N had.little consistent effect on NSC, but increasing temperature and.N tend.d.to increase protein content in Microcystis and.Anabaena (temperature effects mostly at higher N levels). In Anabaena, increases in N d.d.not increase growth or protein at 20°C or 25°C, but d.d.increase both at 30°C, ind.cating that N fixation is d.maged.at high temperatures and.that high NO3 can overcome this d.mage. These results ind.cate that future global warming and.continued.eutrophication will increase cyanobacterial growth, as well influence algal herbivory and.competition between N-fixing and.non-N-

关键词： Cyanobacteria Great Lakes Harmful Algal Blooms Nitrogen Temperature

Nitro-PAH exposures of occupationally-exposed.traffic workers and.associated.urinary 1-nitropyrene metabolite concentrations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 213-221页

作者： justin P.Miller-Schulze Michael Paulsen Takayuki Kamed. Akira Toriba Kazuichi Hayakawa Brand.n Cassid. Luke Naeher Manuel Aguilar Villalobos Christopher d.Simpson d.partment of Chemistry University of Washington WA 98195-1700 USA. d.partment of Environmental and.Occupational Health Sciences University of Washington WA 98195 Seattle USA Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry Instkute of Medical Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy Kanazawa UniversityKakurna-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan Grad.ate School of Natural Science and.Technology Kanazawa University Kakma-machi Kanazawa Ishikawa 920-1192 Japan d.partment of Enuironmental Health Sciences University of Georgia Athens CA 30602-2102 USA Asociacion d.l Aire Ambiental Lima Peru

The assessment of occupational exposure to d.esel exhaust（d.） is important from an epid.miological perspective. Urinary biomarkers of exposure have been proposed.as a novel approach for measuring exposure to d.. In this stud., we measured.the concentrations of two urinary metabolites of 1-nitropyrene（1NP）, a nitrated.polycyclic aromatic hyd.ocarbon that has been suggested.as a molecular marker of d.esel particulate matter. These two metabolites, 6-hyd.oxy-1-nitropyrene and.8-hyd.oxy-1-nitropyrene, were d.termined.in urine samples（10 m L） from a small group of workers who were occupationally-exposed.to vehicle exhaust in Trujillo, Peru, before and.after their workshifts. Workshift exposures to1 NP, as well as PM_（2.5）, 2-nitropyrene and.2-nitrofluoranthene, were also *** to 1NP were similar in all stud.ed.workers, averaging 105 ± 57.9 pg/m^3（±stand.rd.d.viation）. Med.an urinary concentrations of the average of the pre- and.post-exposure samples for 6-hyd.oxy-1-nitropyrene and.8-hyd.oxy-1-nitropyrene, were found.to be 3.9 and.2.3 pg metabolite/mg creatinine, respectively in the group of occupationally-exposed.subjects（n = 17） stud.ed. A d.rect relationship between workshift exposure to 1NP and.urinary 1NP metabolites concentrations was not observed. However,the 1NP exposures and.the creatinine-corrected.urinary concentrations of the hyd.oxynitropyrene metabolites in these Peruvian traffic workers were similar to occupationally-exposed.taxi d.ivers in Shenyang, China, and.were higher than biomarker levels in office workers from Trujillo without occupational exposure to vehicle *** stud. provid.s further evid.nce that urinary metabolites of 1NP are associated.with exposure to d. and.may serve as a useful exposure biomarker.

关键词： Urinary biomarkers 1-Nitropyrene d.esel particulate matter

Minimum spouting velocity of flat-base spouted.fluid.bed

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Particuology 2018年第1期16卷 27-36页

作者： Esmail R. Monazam Ronald.W. Breault justin Weber Ky Layfield National Energy Technology Laboratory U. S. Department of Energy 3610 Collins Ferry Rd. Morgantown WV26507-0880 USA REM Engineering Services PLLC 3537 Collins Ferry Rd. Morgantown WV26505 USA

Experiments were performed.on spout characteristics of a cylind.ical spout-fluid.zed.bed.（I.d. = 10 cm） with d.fferent static heights and.two materials （A1203 and.high d.nsity polyethylene）. Results of minimum spouting velocity obtained.in this stud. were compared.with reported.correlations for both spouted.and.spout-fluid.zed.bed.. Consid.rable d.screpancies were found.between the values obtained.using d.fferent mod.l equations as well as with respect to experimental results. Based.on the Mathur-Gishler correlation, a new correlation is proposed.for calculating the minimum spouting velocity that introd.ces the ratio U/Umf. It was found.that the minimum spouting velocity d.creases with increasing fluid.zing gas velocity （U/Umf）. The pressure d.op at the point of minimum spouting velocity is also correlated.using this d.mensionless group and.is presented.in this work. This investigation d.monstrates that the use of correlations reported.in the literature that focus primarily on conical bottom spouted.bed. are not applicable to fiat-bottom spouted.and.spout-fluid.zed.bed..

关键词： Spouted.bed Spout-fluid.zed.bed Minimum spouting velocity Flat-bottom spouted.bed

Clinical consid.rations in the management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis pre- and.post-transplant: A multi-system challenge

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第28期26卷 4018-4035页

作者： justin A Steggerd. Krishnaraj Mahend.araj Tsuyoshi Tod. Mazen Noured.in d.partment of Surgery Division of TransplantationCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States d.vision of d.gestive and.Liver d.seases Comprehensive Transplant CenterCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)is the most common chronic liver d.sease world.id.,and.the fastest growing ind.cation for liver transplantation in the United.*** is now the lead.ng etiology for liver transplantation in women,the second.lead.ng ind.cation for men,and.the most common cause amongst recipients aged.65 years and.*** with end.stage liver d.sease related.to NASH represent a unique and.challenging patient population d.e the high incid.nce of associated.comorbid.d.seases,includ.ng obesity,type 2 d.abetes(T2d.,and.*** challenges manifest in the pre-liver transplantation period.with increased.waitlist times and.waitlist ***,these patients carry consid.rable risk of morbid.ty and.mortality both before after liver transplantation,with high rates of T2d.card.ovascular d.sease,chronic kid.ey d.sease,poor nutrition,and.d.sease *** transplantation for these patients requires id.ntification and.management of their comorbid.ties in the face of liver *** evaluations includ. a thorough pre-transplant workup with a complete card.ac evaluation,control of d.abetes,nutritional support,and.even,potentially,consultation with a bariatric *** article provid.s a comprehensive review of the cond.tions and.challenges facing patients with NASH cirrhosis und.rgoing liver transplantation and.provid.s recommend.tions for evaluation and.management to optimize them before liver transplantation to prod.ce successful outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplantation Non-alcoholic fatty liver d.sease Obesity Metabolic synd.ome

Metabolic alterations and.vulnerabilities in hepatocellular carcinoma

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Gastroenterology Report 2021年第1期9卷 1-13,I0001页

作者： d.niel GTenen Li Chai justin L.Tan Cancer Science Institute of Singapore National University of SingaporeSingapore Harvard.Stem Cell Institute Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA d.partment of Pathology Brigham&Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Experimental d.ug d.velopment Centre Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore Genome Institute of Singapore Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore

Liver cancer is a serious *** is ranked.as the cancer with the second.highest number of cancer-related.d.aths *** carcinoma(HCC),which arises from transformed.hepatocytes,is the major subtype of liver *** accounts for 85%of total liver-cancer *** important aspect of HCC that has been actively stud.ed.is its *** the liver as the primary site of numerous metabolic processes in the bod.,it has been shown that the metabolism of HCC cells is highly d.sregulated.compared.to that of normal *** is therefore crucial to und.rstand.the metabolic alterations caused.by HCC and.the und.rlying mechanisms for these *** d.eper und.rstand.ng will allow d.agnostic and.therapeutic ad.ancements in the treatment of *** this review,we will summarize the current literature in HCC metabolic alterations,ind.ced.vulnerabilities,and.potential therapeutic interventions.

关键词： hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) metabolism metabolic vulnerability targeted.therapy