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An Empirical Study on Google Research Football Multi-agent Scenarios

Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第3期21卷 549-570页

作者： Yan Song He jiang Zheng Tian Haifeng Zhang Yingping Zhang jiangcheng Zhu Zonghong Dai Weinan Zhang jun Wang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Digital Brain Lab Shanghai200001China ShanghaiTech University Shanghai200001China Huawei Cloud Guiyang550003China Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200001China University College London LondonWC1E 6PTUK

Few multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) researches on Google research football (GRF) focus on the 11-vs-11 multi-agent full-game scenario and to the best of our knowledge, no open benchmark on this scenario has been released to the public. In this work, we fill the gap by providing a population-based MARL training pipeline and hyperparameter settings on multi-agent football scenario that outperforms the bot with difficulty 1.0 from scratch within 2 million steps. Our experiments serve as a reference for the expected performance of independent proximal policy optimization (IPPO), a state-of-the-art multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm where each agent tries to maximize its own policy independently across various training configurations. Meanwhile, we release our training framework Light-MALib which extends the MALib codebase by distributed and asynchronous implementation with additional analytical tools for football games. Finally, we provide guidance for building strong football AI with population-based training and release diverse pretrained policies for benchmarking. The goal is to provide the community with a head start for whoever experiment their works on GRF and a simple-to-use population-based training framework for further improving their agents through self-play. The implementation is available at https://***/Shanghai-Digital-Brain-Laboratory/DB-Football.

关键词： Multi-agent reinforcement learning(RL) distributed RL system population-based training reward shaping game theory

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Cl^(-)ions accelerating interface charge transfer in a Si/In_(2)S_(3) Faradaic junction photocathode for solar seawater splitting

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第9期67卷 2923-2929页

作者： jun Luo Ruotong Bao Hongzheng Dong Ye Fu Dongjian jiang Bo Wang Yuzhan Zheng Qiong Wang Wenjun Luo Zhigang Zou Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center(ERERC) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano TechnologyNational Laboratory of Solid State MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting is a promising low-cost method to produce green hydrogen in a large *** effects of Cl^(-)ions in seawater on the performance of a photoanode have been reported in previous ***,few researches have been done on the roles of Cl^(-)ions in a ***,for the first time,we find that Cl^(-)ions in the electrolyte improve the photocurrent of a Si/In_(2)S_(3) photocathode by 50% at-0.6 V_(RHE).An in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterization combined with the time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry by simulating photoelectrochemical conditions was used to investigate the interface charge transfer *** results suggest that there is an In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)layer on the surface of In_(2)S_(3) in the phosphate buffer solution(PBS)electrolyte,which plays a role as an interface charge transfer mediator in the Si/In_(2)S_(3) *** In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)surface layer becomes In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(Cl)_(2x)in the PBS electrolyte with NaCl and accelerates the charge transfer rate at the In_(2)S_(3)/electrolyte *** results offer a new concept of regulating interface charge transfer mediator to enhance the performance of photoelectrocatalytic seawater splitting for hydrogen production.

关键词： solar hydrogen production interface charge transfer mechanism coupled electron and ion transfer in-situ XPS characterization In_(2)^(+3)S_(3-x)(OH)_(2x)surface layer

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TRIM21-dependent ultrasmall chiral gold nanoparticles for preventing microglia senescence against Alzheimer's disease

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1360-1372页

作者： Meiru Lu Changlong Hao Liguang Xu Feng Yu Jiwei jiang Yanli Wang jun Xu Hua Kuang Chuanlai Xu Maozhong Sun International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection State Key Laboratory of Food Science and ResourcesSchool of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Institute of Life Sciences Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing 100070China

Tripartite motif 21(TRIM21)is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that shows great promise for protein degradation through ***,ultrasmall chiral gold nanoparticles(D-or L-NPs)modified by D-or L-glutathione ligands were *** conjugated with an NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3)antibody(D-NP-a NLRP3 or L-NP-a NLRP3),DNP-a NLRP3 showed effective delivery efficiency of the antibody into microglia and prevented Aβ-mediated microglia senescence,and p16^(ink4a),a marker of senescence,in the microglia was reduced by 90.3%±7.8% while L-NP-a NLRP3 decreased by 48.01%±3.1%.Mechanistic investigations revealed that the D-NP-a NLRP3((1.5±0.3)×10^(7)M^(-1))exhibited sixteen-fold larger binding affinity to transmembrane glycoprotein SLC3A2 than L-type((9.5±2.7)×10^(5)M^(-1)),which led to a high efficiency of antibody delivery and TRIM21-dependent NLRP3 ***,the blood-brain barrier(BBB)-crossing ability of chiral NP-a NLRP3 as well as NLRP3 degradation was demonstrated in *** APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease(AD)model mice experiments exhibited a reduction of 89.7%±6.8% for the NLRP3 protein and 84.2±7.5% for p16^(ink4a)following the intravenous administration of D-NP-a NLRP3 once a week for 60 ***,the levels of the AD markers Aβ and phosphorylatedTau in the brains were reduced by 86.2%±8.2% and 81.6%±9.1%;these were 2.1-fold and 1.9-fold higher than those treated with L-NP-a NLRP3,*** studies provide a method to rescue AD-like pathologies and prevent senescence.

关键词： chiral gold nanoparticles amyloid-β NLRP3 TRIM21 senescence Alzheimer's disease

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Natural rubber latex as a potential additive for water-based drilling fluids

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2677-2687页

作者： jun Yang Guan-Cheng jiang Jing-Tian Yi Yin-Bo He Li-Li Yang Teng-Fei Dong Guo-Shuai Wang College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum (Beijing) National Engineering Research Center of Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology Changqing Drilling General Company CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited

The environmental hazards and "carbon footprint" of oil and gas drilling can be significantly reduced by replacing traditional petroleum-based chemical additives with natural materials derived from plants and animals. This paper explored for the first time the interaction mechanism between natural rubber latex(NRL) and bentonite suspensions(BTs) through a series of characterization experiments, as well as the potential applications in water-based drilling fluids(WBDF). The gel viscoelasticity experiments showed that NRL could decrease the consistency coefficient(k) and flow index(n) of BTs, and enhance the shear thinning performance of BTs as pseudo-plastic fluids. In addition, 0.5 w/v% NRL not only increased the critical yield stress and strengthened the structural strength between the bentonite particles, but also facilitated the compatibility of pressure loss and flow efficiency. The evaluation of colloidal stability and WBDF performance indicated that NRL particles could promote the hydration and charge stability on the surface of BTs particles, and optimize the particle size distribution and flow resistance of WBDF under the "intercalation-exfoliation-encapsulation" synergistic interaction. Moreover, NRL can improve the rheological properties of WBDF at high temperatures(<150.C), and form a dense blocking layer by bridging and sealing the pores and cracks of the filter cake, which ultimately reduces the permeability of the cake and the filtration loss of WBDF.

关键词： Natural materials Water-based drilling fluids Natural rubber latex Bentonite suspensions Filtration loss

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New Trends in Oil and Gas Security and Energy Transition

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China Oil & Gas 2024年第3期31卷 3-12页

作者： Sun Longde Zhang Pengcheng jiang hang Wang Zugang China National Petroleum Corporation CNPC Economics&Technology Research Institute Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development

The report on the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes promoting green development,advancing harmonious coexistence between humans and nature,and ensuring energy *** COP282023,existing climate targets were reinforced,and a fresh accord was reached for scientifically achieving net-zero carbon *** global energy market is being transformed,with oil and gas regaining prominence in energy *** are concentrating on core competencies amidst transitions,though upstream investments show a gradual *** global carbon dioxide capture and storage(CCS)projects has witnessed a significant rise,with Direct Air Capture(DAC)technology gaining *** dioxide Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS)is essential as a foundational technology for achieving dual carbon *** light of global future development goals and China’s national conditions,this article discusses the evolving trends in the international oil and gas sector alongside China’s domestic energy security *** proposes prospective trajectories for the growth of China’s oil and gas sector and measures to guide and respond to challenges during the energy transition process,providing references for decision-making in the transformation of oil and gas *** has a high level of energy self-sufficiency,with the overall energy security situation remaining ***’s oil and gas sector is seeing three-pronged progress:deepening exploration to 10,000s of meters,nano-level reservoir description,and reviving mature fields for a new *** on deep layer,deepwater,unconventional and mature oilfields,strengthening Belt and Road energy partnerships,enlarging reserves,optimizing pipeline network layout,implementing a smart risk-management ecosystem,and driving the CCUS technology revolution.

关键词： companies Transition deepening

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Poly(ferulic acid)nanocarrier enhances chemotherapy sensitivity of acute myeloid leukemia by selectively targeting inflammatory macrophages

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第9期35卷 289-295页

作者： Weijian Zhang Xianyu Deng Liying Wang Jian Wang Xiuting Guo Lianggui Huang Xinyi Wang jun Wu Linjia jiang Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Department of Otolaryngology Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Department of Hematology The Seventh Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China Department of Pediatrics Sun Yat-sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120China Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)NanshaGuangzhou 511400China Division of Life Science The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SAR 999077China

Macrophages,as a subset of innate immune cells,play a pivotal role in the initiation,maintenance,and resolution of inflammatory responses during tissue damage repair,defense against infections,and tumor ***,the mechanisms by which macrophages regulate inflammation in acute myeloid leukemia(AML)and their involvement in the chemotherapeutic effect remain *** this study,we have identified that AML cells stimulate macrophage expansion by activating the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF1R)*** expanded macrophages activate nuclear factor kappa-B(NFκB)to induce the expression of inflammatory factors,thereby maintaining leukemic cell quiescence and promoting cell survival following ***,we have successfully utilized a poly(ferulic acid)nanocarrier to selectively target macrophages for inhibiting the NFκB-mediated inflammation,ultimately enhancing chemotherapy efficacy against *** together,our findings highlight the crucial role of macrophage-induced inflammation in conferring chemoresistance to AML,and demonstrate the potential of a targeted nanocarrier specifically designed for inflammatory macrophages to improve the AML chemotherapeutic outcomes.

关键词： Acute myeloid leukemia Chemoresistance Macrophage Inflammation NFκB

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Resolution of myopic macular schisis following cataract phacoemulsification

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第8期17卷 1568-1570页

作者： Yan-Ting Li Bo jiang Xin-Zhu Chen hang Ren Yan-Hui Xiao Zi-Yue Song Pei-Rong Lu Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Suzhou EENT HospitalSuzhou 215000Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Dear Editor,We write to introduce a case of high myopia who had bilateral macular schisis along with *** the following-up period from 2014 to 2021,the severity of macular schisis gradually ***,following cataract surgery,there was a gradual improvement in the macular schisis,ultimately leading to near-complete *** obtained the written informed consent from the patient,and this case study adhered to the principles in the Declaration of Helsinki.

关键词： cataract sch ultimately

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Reducing Operation Emissions and Improving Work Efficiency Using a Pure Electric Wheel Drive Tractor

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 230-245页

作者： Chang-Kai Wen Wen Ren Qing-Zhen Zhu Chun-jiang Zhao Zhen-Hao Luo Sheng-Li Zhang Bin Xie Zhi-jun Meng Research Center of Intelligent Equipment Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment Beijing 100097China BYD Company Limited Shenzhen 518118China College of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China College of Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

In response to the problems of excessive greenhouse-gas and particulate emissions and the low traction efficiency of conventional diesel tractors in the field,a purely electric wheel-side drive tractor was studied,including an electric motor drive system,a battery ballast system,and an electro–hydraulic suspension *** paper develops a dynamics model of an electric tractor-ploughing unit under complex soil conditions,leading to the proposal of an active control method for drive wheel torque and a joint control method for the traction force of the suspension system and the front-and rear-axle loads of a ***,the tractor is prototyped and assembled,and ploughing tests are carried *** ploughing results show that the active torque-distribution control method proposed in this study reduces the tractor slip by 14.83%and increases the traction efficiency by 10.28%compared with the average torquedistribution *** with the conventional traction control mode,the joint control method for traction and ballast proposed in this paper results in a 3.7%increase in traction efficiency,a 15.05%decrease in slip,and a 4.9%reduction in total drive motor energy *** study will help to improve the operation quality and traction efficiency of electric tractors in complex soil conditions.

关键词： Electric tractor Ploughing unit Torque distribution Active ballast Traction performance

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Dissolution kinetics and reaction mechanism of Al_(2)O_(3) in molten CaF_(2)-CaO-Al_(2)O_(3) slag

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第4期31卷 861-869页

作者： Yao-xin Du Yan-wu Dong Zhou-hua jiang Ganna Stovpchenko Yu-shuo Li jun Huang Xin-wei Wang Yu-xiao Liu School of Metallurgy Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Key Laboratory of Ecological Metallurgy of Multimetallic Mineral Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina E.O.Paton Electric Welding Institute of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine Kiev 03115Ukraine

The dissolution behavior of Al_(2)O_(3) in molten CaF_(2)-CaO-Al_(2)O_(3) slag,a basic slag system of electroslag remelting process,was investigated by rotating cylinder method using corundum rods to simulate Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions in *** experimental results show that the dissolution rate of Al_(2)O_(3);rods in CaF_(2)-CaO-Al_(2)O_(3) slag increases with the increase in rotating speed and temperature,and the rate-controlling step is the mass transfer in the *** dissolution rate of Al_(2)O,in CaF_(2)-CaO-Al_(2)O_(3) slag increases with the increase in the ratio of CaO to Al_(2)O_(3),which is due to the increase in dissolution driving force and the decrease in slag *** apparent activation energy of the mass transfer of AlOs in slag C is calculated to be 222.86 kJ mol^(-1).During the dissolution of Al_(2)0,inclusions in the slag,it reacts with F in liquid slag at first,then reacts with CaO to form the intermediate compounds of xCaO-yAl_(2)O_(3) system,and finally dissolves in molten *** dissolution rate of Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions in CaF_(2)-CaO-Al_(2)O_(3) slag for electroslag remelting is positively correlated with the ratio of the dissolution driving force and slag viscosity,and the correlation coeficient is 2.487×10^(-11).

关键词： Inclusion Electroslag remelting Mass transfer:Dissolution rate-Dissolution driving force

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Recent advancements in thermal conductivity of magnesium alloys

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1687-1708页

作者： Hao Lv jun Tan Qian Yuan Fanglei Wang Yunxuan Zhou Quan Dong Aitao Tang Jürgen Eckert Bin jiang Fusheng Pan National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Department of Materials Science Chair of Materials PhysicsMontanuniversität LeobenJahnstraße 12Leoben A-8700Austria Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science Austrian Academy of SciencesJahnstraße 12Leoben A-8700Austria

As highly integrated circuits continue to advance,accompanied by a growing demand for energy efficiency and weight reduction,materials are confronted with mounting challenges pertaining to thermal conductivity and lightweight *** virtue of numerous intrinsic mechanisms,as a result,the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of the Mg alloys are often inversely related,which becomes a bottleneck limiting the application of Mg *** on several effective modification methods to improve the thermal conductivity of Mg alloys,this paper describes the law of how they affect the mechanical properties,and clearly indicates that peak aging treatment is one of the best ways to simultaneously enhance an alloy's thermal conductivity and mechanical *** the most frequently used Mg alloy,cast alloys exhibit substantial potential for achieving high thermal ***,recent reports indicate that hot deformation can significantly improve the mechanical properties while maintaining,and potentially slightly enhancing,the alloy's thermal *** presents a meaningful way to develop Mg alloys for applications in the field of small-volume heat dissipation components that require high *** comprehensive review begins by outlining standard testing and prediction methods,followed by the theoretical models used to predict thermal conductivity,and then explores the primary influencing factors affecting thermal *** review summarizes the current development status of Mg alloys,focusing on the quest for alloys that offer both high thermal conductivity and high *** concludes by providing insights into forthcoming prospects and challenges within this field.

关键词： Mg alloy Thermal conductivity Mechanical properties Solute atom Second phase

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