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Mucosal healing and inflammatory bowel disease:Therapeutic implications and new targets

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第7期29卷 1157-1172页

作者： Megan Lynn Otte Raju Lama Tamang julia Papapanagiotou Rizwan Ahmad Punita Dhawan Amar B Singh Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States

Mucosal healing(MH)is vital in maintaining homeostasis within the gut and protecting against injury and *** factors and signaling pathways contribute in a dynamic and coordinated manner to maintain intestinal homeostasis and mucosal regeneration/***,when intestinal homeostasis becomes chronically disturbed and an inflammatory immune response is constitutively active due to impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier autoimmune disease results,particularly inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Many proteins and signaling pathways become dysregulated or impaired during these pathological conditions,with the mechanisms of regulation just beginning to be ***,there remains a relative lack of broadly effective therapeutics that can restore MH due to the complexity of both the disease and healing processes,so tissue damage in the gastrointestinal tract of patients,even those in clinical remission,*** increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms of IBD and MH,tissue damage from autoimmune disease may in the future be ameliorated by developing therapeutics that enhance the body’s own healing *** this review,we introduce the concept of mucosal healing and its relevance in IBD as well as discuss the mechanisms of IBD and potential strategies for altering these processes and inducing MH.

关键词： Inflammation Injury/repair Mucosal healing Mucosal barrier Therapeutics Colitis

Risk Factors for Abuse in Children with Congenital Heart Disease Presenting at a Pediatric Tertiary Care Hospital

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Congenital Heart Disease 2023年第6期18卷 657-670页

作者： Kristi K.Westphaln Karen Kay Imagawa Lorena Espinosa Smith julia Srivastava Nancy A.Pike School of Nursing University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital Los AngelesAudrey Hepburn CARES CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Pediatrics Critical Care MedicineChildren’s Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Department of Pediatrics Heart Institute Children’s Hospital Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA

Background:Congenital heart disease(CHD)is a chronic medical condition often diagnosed at birth and requires surgical intervention,multiple hospitalizations,and lifelong *** can put signiﬁcant stress on the family,leading to altered maternal mental health,bonding and attachment issues,and the potential for child *** purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of a sample of young children with CHD who experienced hospitalization with concurrent concern for child abuse in a free-standing pediatric tertiary care ***:Electronic medical records were reviewed for children aged 0–5 years old who were hospitalized with concern for child abuse between 2016 and *** were extracted related to the history of presenta-tion,and sociodemographics including SDOH,admission,and discharge condition/*** statis-tics were used to characterize the sample and correlations to identify an association with abuse ***:Out of 251 hospitalizations involving concern for child abuse,49(19.5%)had a diagnosis of *** majority of cases were neglect(51%),<1 year of age(80%),male(57%),Hispanic ethnicity(45%),and publicly insured(90%).CHD severity was moderate to severe(71%)with multiple co-occurring medical conditions(genetic syn-drome,failure to thrive(FTT),prematurity,history of a feeding tube,developmental delay,and intrauterine drug exposure).Correlations associated with physical abuse were age,maternal mental health,head injury,and history of Child Protective Services(CPS)*** correlated with age,FTT,head injury,history of a feeding tube,previous CPS involvement,and substance *** speciﬁcally related to prenatal substance use included age,maternal mental health status,history of domestic violence,CPS involvement,feeding tube,FTT,lack of housing,employment status,and public ***:Our study highlights the risk for abuse in children with CHD,regardless of defect *** most com

关键词： Child maltreatment intrauterine substance exposure failure to thrive

Broadband mechanoresponsive liquid metal sensors

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npj Flexible Electronics 2022年第1期6卷 718-725页

作者： Md Saifur Rahman julia E.Huddy Andrew B.Hamlin William J.Scheideler Thayer School of Engineering Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNH 03755USA

Stretchable electronics have the fundamental advantage of matching the complex geometries of the human body,providing opportunities for real-time biomechanical *** report a method for high-frequency AC-enhanced resistive sensing that leverages deformable liquid metals to improve low-power detection of mechanical stimuli in wearable *** fundamental mechanism of this enhancement is geometrical modulation of the skin effect,which induces current crowding at the surface of a liquid metal *** combination with DC sensing,this method quantitatively pinpoints mechanical modes of deformation such as stretching in-plane and compression out-of-plane that are traditionally impossible to *** we explore this method by finite element simulations then employ it in a glove to detect hand gestures and tactile forces as well as a respiratory sensor to measure ***,this AC sensor uses lower power(100X)than DC sensors,enabling a new generation of energy-efficient wearables for haptics and biomedical sensing.

关键词： wear deformation liquid

Microfabricated polymer-metal biosensors for multifarious data collection from electrogenic cellular models

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第2期9卷 167-180页

作者： Charles M.Didier julia F.Orrico Omar S.Cepeda Trres Jorge Manrique Castro Aliyah Baksh Swaminathan Rajaraman NanoScience Technology Center University of Central Florida4353 Scorpius StreetResearch ISuite 231FL 32816 OrlandoUSA Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences University of Central Florida6900 Lake Nona BlvdFL 32827 OrlandoUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico37700918Ponce de LeonSan JuanPuerto Rico Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida4238 Scorpius StreetFL 32816 OrlandoUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Central Florida12760 Pegasus DriveEngineering ISuite 207FL 32816 OrlandoUSA

Benchtop tissue cultures have become increasingly complex in recent years,as more on-a-chip biological technologies,such as microphysiological systems(MPS),are developed to incorporate cellular constructs that more accurately represent their respective biological *** MPs have begun facilitating major breakthroughs in biological research and are poised to shape the field in the coming *** biological systems require integrated sensing modalities to procure complex,multiplexed datasets with unprecedented combinatorial biological *** this work,we expanded upon our polymer-metal biosensor approach by demonstrating a facile technology for compound biosensing that was characterized through custom modeling *** reported herein,we developed a compound chip with 3D microelectrodes,3D microfluidics,interdigitated electrodes(IDEs)and a *** chip was subsequently tested using the electrical/electrochemical characterization of 3D microelectrodes with 1 kHz impedance and phase recordings and IDE-based high-frequency(-1 MHz frequencies)impedimetric analysis of differential localized temperature recordings,both of which were modeled through equivalent electrical circuits for process parameter ***,a simplified antibody-conjugation strategy Was employed for a similar IDE-based analysis of the implications of a key analyte(L-glutamine)binding to the equivalent electrical ***,acute microfluidic perfusion modeling was performed to demonstrate the ease of microfluidics integration into such a polymer-metal biosensor platform for potential complimentary localized chemical ***,our work demonstrates the design,development,and characterization of an accessibly designed polymer-metal compound biosensor for electrogenic cellular constructs to facilitate comprehensive MPS data collection.

关键词： polymer recording breakthrough

Photobiomodulation therapy assisted orthodontic tooth movement:potential implications,challenges,and new perspectives

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第11期24卷 957-973页

作者： Jiawen YONG Sabine GROGER julia VON BREMEN Marcia MARTINS MARQUES Andreas BRAUN Xiaoyan CHEN Sabine RUF Qianming CHEN Stomatology Hospital School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesKey Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityEngineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310000China Department of Orthodontics Faculty of MedicineJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessen35392Germany School of Dentistry University of Sao PauloSao Paulo05508000Brazil Department of Operative Dentistry Periodontology and Preventive DentistryRWTH Aachen UniversityAachen52074Germany

Over the past decade,dramatic progress has been made in dental research areas involving laser *** photobiomodulatory effect of laser light regulates the behavior of periodontal tissues and promotes damaged tissues to heal ***,photobiomodulation therapy(PBMT),a non-invasive treatment,when applied in orthodontics,contributes to alleviating pain and reducing inflammation induced by orthodontic forces,along with improving tissue healing ***,PBMT is attracting more attention as a possible approach to prevent the incidence of orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption(OIIRR)during orthodontic treatment(OT)due to its capacity to modulate inflammatory,apoptotic,and anti-antioxidant ***,a systematic review revealed that PBMT has only a moderate grade of evidence-based effectiveness during orthodontic tooth movement(OTM)in relation to OIIRR,casting doubt on its beneficial *** PBMT-assisted orthodontics,delivering sufficient energy to the tooth root to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to the exponential attenuation of light penetration in periodontal *** penetration of light to the root surface is another crucial unknown *** the penetration depth and distribution of light in periodontal tissues are ***,advanced approaches specific to orthodontic application of PBMT need to be established to overcome these *** review explores possibilities for improving the application and effectiveness of PBMT during *** aim was to investigate the current evidence related to the underlying mechanisms of action of PBMT on various periodontal tissues and cells,with a special focus on immunomodulatory effects during OTM.

关键词： Photobiomodulation therapy Low-level laser therapy(LLLT) Low-intensity laser therapy(LILT) Orthodontic tooth movement Orthodontics Immunorthodontics

Beyond familial risk: deriving risk-adapted starting ages of screening among people with a family history of colorectal cancer

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Cancer Communications 2023年第12期43卷 1377-1380页

作者： Xuechen Chen Thomas Heisser Rafael Cardoso julia Hibbert Michael Hoffmeister Hermann Brenner Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany

Dear Editor,Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer globally[1],even though a large proportion of those cancers would be preventable by *** those with a family history(FH)of CRC,it is commonly recommended to start screening at younger ages,e.g.,at age 40 or 10 years younger than the age at diagnosis of the youngest affected first-degree relative[2–5].Even within the group of those with a FH,risk of CRC is not homogeneous and depends on factors such as the number of affected relatives and the age at which the relatives were diagnosed with CRC[6,7],lifestyles,and genetic background ***,these metrics except genetic factors may change over lifetime,which limits their use for defining starting ages of *** aim of this study was to evaluate whether a polygenic risk score(PRS),which combines information from CRC-related risk variants[8]and genetically determined sex(2 constant and established CRC risk factors),could effectively contribute to enhanced risk *** also aimed to determine if it could assist in defining risk-adapted starting ages for CRC screening,even in individuals with a FH of *** assessment was performed using the wellestablished metric of risk advancement periods(RAPs)[9],which measures the impact of an exposure on the relation of age to disease.

关键词： starting adapted younger

Perspective:Chemical Information Encoded in Electron Density

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物理化学学报 2018年第6期34卷 567-580页

作者： CONTRERAS-GARCíA julia YANG Weitao UPMC Univ Paris 06 CNRSUMR 7616Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique Department of Chemistry Duke University

In this perspective,we review the chemical information encoded in electron density and other ingredients used in semilocal *** information is usually looked at from the functional point of view:the exchange density or the enhancement factor are discussed in terms of the reduced density ***,what parts of a molecule do these 3D functions represent? We look atthese quantities in real space,aiming to understand the electronic structure information they encode and provide an insight from the quantum chemical topology(QCT).Generalized gradient approximations(GGAs) provide information about the presence of chemical interactions,whereas meta-GGAs can differentiate between the different bonding *** merging these two techniques,we show new insight into the failures of semilocal functionals owing to three main errors:fractional charges,fractional spins,and non-covalent *** build on simple *** also analyze the delocalization error in hydrogen chains,showing the ability of QCT to reveal the delocalization error introduced by semilocal ***,we show how the analysis of localization can help understand the fractional spin error in alkali atoms,and how it can be used to correct ***,we show that the poor description of GGAs of isodesmic reactions in alkanes is due to 1,3-interactions.

关键词： DFT Semi-local functional Electron density Quantum chemical topology

Enabling Virtual Met Masts for wind energy applications through machinelearning-methods

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能源与人工智能(英文) 2023年第1期11卷 26-42页

作者： Sandra Schwegmann Janosch Faulhaber Sebastian Pfaffel Zhongjie Yu Martin Dörenkämper Kristian Kersting julia Gottschall Fraunhofer IWES Küpkersweg 7026129 OldenburgGermany Fraunhofer IEE Königstor 5934119 KasselGermany Technical University of Darmstadt Karolinenplatz 564289 DarmstadtGermany Hessian Center for AI(hessian.AI) Mornewegstraße 3064293 DarmstadtGermany

As wind is the basis of all wind energy projects, a precise knowledge about its availability is needed. For ananalysis of the site-specific wind conditions, Virtual Meteorological Masts (VMMs) are frequently used. VMMsmake use of site calibrated numerical data to provide precise wind estimates during all phases of a wind energyproject. Typically, numerical data are used for the long-term correlation that is required for estimating theyield of new wind farm projects. However, VMMs can also be used to fill data gaps or during the operationalphase as an additional reference data set to detect degrading sensors. The value of a VMM directly dependson its ability and precision to reproduce site-specific environmental conditions. Commonly, linear regressionis used as state of the art to correct reference data to the site-specific conditions. In this study, a frameworkof 10 different machine-learning methods is tested to investigated the benefit of more advanced methods ontwo offshore and one onshore site. We find significantly improving correlations between the VMMs and the reference data when using more advanced methods and present the most promising ones. The K-NearestNeighbors and AdaBoost regressors show the best results in our study, but Multi-Output Mixture of GaussianProcesses is also very promising. The use of more advanced regression models lead to decreased uncertainties;hence those methods should find its way into industrial applications. The recommended regression models canserve as a starting point for the development of end-user applications and services.

关键词： Virtual Met Mast(VMM) Wind power Machine learning Reanalysis data Site assessment Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF) Measure-Correlate-Predict(MCP)

Modulus spectroscopy for the detection of parallel electric responses in electroceramics

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第3期8卷 556-569页

作者： Till Fromling Yao Liu An-Phuc Hoang Maximillian Gehringer Sebastian Steiner Mikalai Zhuk julia Glaum Bai-Xiang Xu Department of Materials and Earth Science Technical University of DarmstadtFG Nichtmetallisch-Anorganische WerkstoffeAlarich-Weiss-Straße 264287DarmstadtGermany Department of Materials and Earth Science Technical University of DarmstadtFG Mechanics of Functional MaterialsOtto-Berndt-Straße 364287DarmstadtGermany Department of Materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)Functional Materials and Materials Chemistry Group(FACET)Sem Sælands Vei 127491TrondheimNorway

Impedance spectroscopy has become one of the most versatile and essential investigation methods concerning electrical properties of materials for electronic and energy *** knowledge about physical mechanisms,however,often demands excellent expertise in evaluating the *** different representations of the same data set can help elucidate the underlying physics,but this is rarely *** this work,the importance of using the modulus representation to identify parallel electric responses is *** responses result from parallel conducting pathways,e.g.,at grain boundaries,or from regions with differing permittivity,e.g.,in *** and quantitative data can be obtained,as it is illustrated based on experimental data from electroceramics and respective physical simulation results using the finite element *** findings should help to study intricate electric responses of materials with chemical or structural heterogeneity.

关键词： ceramics spectroscopy versatile