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Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2435-2442页

作者： Hui Wang Yuanhua Dong Yunya Yang Gurpal s.toor Xumei Zhang Key Laboratory of soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences soil and Water Quality Laboratory Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of Florida Taicang soil Management station

The 360 feed and manure samples were collected from 150 animal farms in Jiangsu Province, China and analyzed for heavy metals. Concentrations of Zn and Cu in animal feeds were 15.9-2041.8 and undetected-392.1 mg/kg respectively, while Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cr in all feeds were below 10 mg/kg. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cr in animal manures were 8.4-1726, 39.5-11379, and 1.0-1602 mg/kg respectively, while As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were 〈 10 mg/kg. The concentration of Cu, Zn, As and Cr in animal feed and manure were positively correlated （p 〈 0.001）, but the Cd, Hg, and Pb were not statistically correlated between the feed and the manure. Concentrations of Cu and Zn were highest in pig feed and manure, followed by poultry and dairy feeds and manures. During 1990- 2008, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Cd contents increased by 771%, 410%, 420%, 220%, and 63% in pig manure, 212%, 95%, 200%, 791%, and -63% in dairy manure, and 181%, 197%, 1500%, 261, and 196% in poultry manure. Most of the increases occurred from 2002 to 2008, which reflects the extensive use of feed additives after 2002. In contrast, Pb and Hg in manures continuously decreased from 1990 to 2008. The results suggest that the heavy metal contents in animal manure have been greatly increased over 18 years and the contribution of manures to soil should be considered.

关键词： animal manures heavy metal change

sensitivity of Labile soil Organic Carbon Pools to Long-Term Fertilizer, straw and Manure Management in Rice-Wheat system

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 534-545页

作者： Dinesh K.BENBI Kiranvir BRAR Amardeep s.toor shivani sHARMA Department of soil science Punjab Agricultural University

Labile soil organic carbon （sOC） pools, estimated through chemical fractionation techniques, are considered sensitive indicators of management-induced changes in quality and composition of soil organic matter. Although the impacts of organic manure and crop residue applications on C sequestration in rice-wheat system are fairly well documented, their influence on labile sOC pools is relatively less known. Impacts of organic manure, rice straw, and inorganic fertilizer nitrogen （N） applications on soil total organic carbon （TOC） and sOC pools including water-extractable organic C （WEOC）, hot water-soluble organic C （HWOC）, potassium permanganate- oxidizable organic C （KMnO4-C）, microbial biomass C （MBC）, mineralizable organic C （Cmin）, and the oxidizable fractions of decreasing oxidizability （easily-oxidizable, oxidizable, and weakly-oxidizable） were investigated in an ll-year field experiment under rice-wheat system. The field experiment included treatments of different combinations of farmyard manure, rice straw, and fertilizer N application rates, with C inputs estimated to be in the range from 23 to 127 Mg ha-1. After 11 years of experiment, WEOC, HWOC, and KMnO4-C were 0.32%-0.50%, 2.2%-3.3%, and 15.0%-20.6% of TOC, respectively. The easily-oxidizable, oxidizable, and weakly-oxidizable fractions were 43%-57%0, 22%-27%, and 10%-19% of TOC, respectively. The applications of farmyard manure and rice straw improved WEOC, HWOC, KMnO4-C, easily-oxidizable fraction, Cmin, and MBC, though the rates of change varied considerably from -14% to 145% and -1170 to 83% of TOC, respectively. At the C input levels between 29 and 78 Mg C ha-1 during the ll-year period, the greatest increase was observed in WEOC and the minimum in KMnO4-C. Water-extractable organic C exhibited a relatively greater sensitivity to management than TOC, suggesting that it may be used as a sensitive indicator of management-induced changes in soil organic matter under rice-wheat system. All the other la

关键词： metabolic quotient mineralizable C organic amendments oxidizable C soil microbial biomass soil organic matter water-soluble C

Experimental Investigation of Performance Characteristics of PZT-5A with Application to Fault Diagnosis

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structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2022年第4期16卷 307-321页

作者： saqlain Abbas Zulkarnain Abbas Yanping Zhu Waqas Tariq toor Xiaotong Tu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology LahoreNarowal CampusNarowal51600Pakistan Institute of Vibration Shock and NoiseState Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and VibrationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Mechanical Engineering National Fertilizer Cooperation(NFC)Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMultan61000Pakistan Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology LahoreNarowal CampusNarowal51600Pakistan The school of Informatics Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China

In the previous couple of decades,techniques to reap energy and empower low voltage electronic devices have received outstanding *** of the methods based on the piezoelectric effect to harvest the energy from ambient vibrations have been ***’s an absence of experiment-based investigation which incorporates the microstructure analysis and crystal morphology of those energy harvest home ***,the impact of variable mechanical and thermal load conditions has seldom been studied within the previous literature to utilize the effectiveness of those materials in several practical applications like structural health monitoring(sHM),*** the proposed research work,scanning electron microscope(sEM)and energy dispersive x-ray(EDX)analysis are performed to examine the inside crystal morphology of PZT-5A and ensure the quality of the piezoelectric ***,the performance of piezoelectric vibration-based energy harvester has been investigated in the second phase of current research work under the variable mechanical and thermal load conditions through a regular series of ***’s been found that the output voltage of piezoelectric sensors will increase by increasing the applied load,whereas a decreasing trend in output voltage is noticed by increasing the applied temperature,resistance and *** the third part,a measuring setup is developed in the laboratory to further investigate the effectiveness of PZT-5A in practical applications such as electromechanical impedance(EMI)based structural health monitoring under the controlled heating ***,this analysis not only evaluates the performance of PZT sensors under the variable operating conditions but also encourages developing a temperature compensation approach in EMI-based sHM.

关键词： Piezoelectric energy harvester crystal morphology scanning electron microscope structural health monitoring electromechanical impedance

Fate of Nutrients, Trace Metals, Bacteria, and Pesticides in Nursery Recycled Water

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第4期7卷 293-299页

作者： Yun-Ya Yang Gurpal s. toor soil and Water Quality Laboratory Gulf Coast Research and Education Center Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Wimauma FL USA

Faced with rapid population growth and fresh water scarcity, reuse of reclaimed water is growing worldwide and becoming an integral part of water resource management. Our objective was to determine the fate of nutrients, trace metals, bacteria, and legacy organic compounds (organochlorine pesticides) in the recycled water from five commercial nursery ponds in Florida. The pH of recycled water at all sites was 8.1 - 9.3, except one site (6.5), while the electrical conductivity (EC) was 0.31 - 0.36 ds/m. Concentrations of trace metals in recycled water were low: Fe (0.125 - 0.367 mg/L), Al (0.126 - 0.169 mg/L), B (0.104 - 0.153 mg/L), Zn (0.123 - 0.211 mg/L), and Mn (sphorus (P) and total nitrogen (N) in the recycled water were 0.35 - 1.00 mg/L and 1.56 - 2.30 mg/L, respectively. Among organochlorine pesticides, endrin aldehyde was the only pesticide detected in all nursery recycled water ponds, with concentrations from 0.04 to 0.10 μg/L at four sites and 1.62 μg/L at one site. Other detected pesticides in recycled water were methoxychlor, endosulfan sulfate, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and α-chlorodane, with concentrations s and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in recycled water were 20 - 50 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL. We conclude that the concentrations of various inorganic and organic compounds in recycled water are very low and do not appear to be problematic for irrigation purposes in Florida’s nursery recycled water ponds.

关键词： Water Quality Recycled Water Nutrients Trace Metals Pathogen Pesticides

A comparison of financial and operational efficiency between smart and traditional insufflation for laparoscopic surgery: A granular analysis

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic surgery 2023年第3期6卷 97-102页

作者： Aazad Abbas Imran saleh Graeme Hoit Gurjovan sahi sam Park Jihad Abouali Cari Whyne Jay toor Division of Orthopaedic surgery University of Toronto149 College Street Room 508-ATorontoONM5T 1P5Canada Orthopaedic Biomechanics Lab Sunnybrook Research Institute2075 Bayview AvenueTorontoONCanada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto5 King's College RoadTorontoONM5S 3G8Canada Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto1 King's College CircleTorontoONM5S 1A8Canada University of Toronto Orthopaedics sports Medicine Women's College Hospital76 Grenville StTorontoONCanada Division of Orthopaedic surgery Michael Garron Hospital825 Coxwell AvenueTorontoONM4C 3E7Canada Division of Orthopaedic surgery Sunnybrook Health Science Centre2075 Bayview AvenueTorontoONCanada Department of Orthopaedic surgery University of Manitoba820 Sherbrook StreetWinnipegMBCanada

Objective:smart insufflation(sI)techniques relying on valve and membrane-free insufflation are increasing in *** considerable literature exists demonstrating the benefits of sI on procedural ease and patient outcomes,there remains a paucity describing the financial impact of these *** purpose of this study was to determine the financial and efficiency impact of these devices on the operating room and inpatient wards of a ***:A discrete event simulation model representing a typical mid-sized North American hospital comparing sI to traditional insufflation(TI)was *** National surgical Quality Improvement database from 2015 to 2019 was used to populate the model with data supplemented from the *** included length of stay(LOs),duration of surgery(DOs),annual procedure volume,profit,return on investment(ROI),and gross profit margin(GPM).From the literature review,DOs savings were 10e32 minutes/case,while LOs savings were 0e3 days/***:Implementation of an sI led to an increase in annual throughput of 42e346(4.4%e36.6%)cases for all procedures and 38 to 297(4.3%e33.3%)cases for complex *** was found to be decreased by 175e614(18.3%e64.2%)days for all procedures and 231 to 614(35.6%e77.9%)cases for complex procedures with the implementation of an ***,this resulted in an increase in net profit of$104,685 per *** ROI of sI over the TI device was>1000%,and the GPM for the TI was 90.0%,while the GPM for the sI was 71.7%.Conclusion:Despite the initial financial investment being greater,the implementation of sI offsets these expenses and yields significant financial *** study demonstrates the financial benefits of sI over TI and illustrates how granular operational and financial analyses of technologies are essential to aid in sound healthcare procurement decision making.

关键词： Insufflation Airseal surgical efficiency Financial impact

sCHIsTOX: An individual based model for the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2021年第1期6卷 438-447页

作者： Matthew Graham Diepreye Ayabina Tim CD.Lucas Benjamin s.Collyer Graham F.Medley T.Deirdre Hollingsworth Jaspreet toor Big Data Institute Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and DiscoveryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom Centre for Environment and Health Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineSt Mary’s CampusImperial College LondonUnited Kingdom MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis the Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics(J-IDEA)School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonW21PGUnited Kingdom

A stochastic individual based model,sCHIsTOX,has been developed for the study of schistosome transmission dynamics and the impact of control by mass drug *** novel aspects that can be investigated include individual level adherence and access to treatment,multiple communities,human sex population dynamics,and implementation of a potential *** of the model parameters have been estimated within previous studies and have been shown to vary between communities,such as the age-specific contact rates governing the age profiles of ***,uncertainty remains as there are wide ranges for certain parameter values and a few remain relatively *** analyse the model dynamics by parameterizing it with published parameter *** also discuss the development of sCHIsTOX in the form of a publicly available open-source GitHub *** next key development stage involves validating the model by calibrating to epidemiological data.

关键词： schistosomiasis Individual based model Mass drug administration

Chemical Characterization of Tomato Industry Wastewater, Florida, United states

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2012年第3期4卷 107-114页

作者： Maninder K. Chahal Gurpal s. toor Bielinski M. santos soil and Water Quality Laboratory Gulf Coast Research and Education Center University of Florida Wimauma Florida USA

Tomato packers often struggle to find ways to reuse the large volumes of wastewater generated during the tomato cleaning and sanitizing processes due to high transportation costs for off-site disposal and strict surface water discharge regulations in Florida. Information about the composition of tomato packinghouse wastewater and the likely sources of major wastewater constituents might provide insights to develop environmentally sustainable practices for wastewater reuse. The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of wastewater generated in tomato packinghouses. The wastewater samples were collected for 6 to 8 hours from dump tanks of two representative packinghouses at 30 minute intervals after start-up of packing operations during May-June 2009. Results showed that wastewater had high electrical conductivity (1.3 - 2.8 ds·m–1) and chloride (255 - 1125 mg·L–1) due to the use of chlorine as a sanitizer in the packinghouses. Concentrations of total phosphorus (P, 2.8 - 5.7 mg·L–1) and copper (Cu, 1.9 - 2.2 mg·L–1) in wastewater were elevated due to tomato cleaning and sanitizing. To reduce P and Cu concentrations, treatment or blending of wastewater may be needed before discharging wastewater to surface waters. Concentrations of P, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and manganese were much higher in packinghouse 1 as compared to packinghouse 2 wastewater, probably due to the greater contact time of tomatoes with the dump tank water. Whereas concentrations of Cu were similar in both packinghouses wastewater. Greater concentrations of chemical constituents in the wastewater suggest that residues of pesticides, insecticides, and/or foliar-applied micronutrients on tomatoes may be the likely external sources of most constituents (especially P, Cu, and Zn) in wastewater.

关键词： Tomatoes Wastewater Packinghouse Nutrients Trace Metals

柠檬酸氯美酚Clomiphene citrate对于已受消炎痛Indomethacin处理过的鲤鱼Cyprinus carpio的排卵Ovulation和产卵spawning的影响

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国外水产 1981年第4期 9-12页

作者： K.Kapur H.s.toor 魏驷华

导言多数是在哺乳动物中进行的一系列研究阐明了前列腺素在排卵中的作用(Pharris和shaw,1974等).近来,研究工作已经扩展到研究前列腺素对硬骨鱼类排卵的作用(Jalabert和szollos,1975等).一种人工合成物柠檬酸氯美酚[1-ρ(β-乙=胺基乙... 详细信息

导言多数是在哺乳动物中进行的一系列研究阐明了前列腺素在排卵中的作用(Pharris和shaw,1974等).近来,研究工作已经扩展到研究前列腺素对硬骨鱼类排卵的作用(Jalabert和szollos,1975等).一种人工合成物柠檬酸氯美酚[1-ρ(β-乙=胺基乙氧)-酚-1,2-二酚-2-氯乙烯柠檬酸]也已用于治疗一些人类生殖机能不全(Jacobson等1968, Kase 1973)和诱导硬骨鱼排卵(Pandey和Hoar,1972;singh和singh,1976;Kapur和toor,1978).已有报导指出氯美酚可作用于鲤鱼***脑下丘——脑垂体以刺激促性腺激素的分泌(Breton等,

关键词：消炎痛剂量 Indomethacin Cyprinus carpio 用药量 spawning Ovulation 鲤鱼柠檬酸抗氧化剂

Chemical Characterization of Tomato Industry Wastewater, Florida, United states

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