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Parasite reduction ratio one day after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapies and its relationship with parasite clearance time in acutely malarious children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1270-1283页

作者： Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom chimere Agomo christian T.Happi Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo joy c.ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Sikiru Amoo Nnenna Ezeigwe Stephen Oguche Bayo Fatunmbi Akintunde Sowunmi Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of LagosLagosNigeria Department of Biological Sciences and African centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases(AcEGID) Redeemer UniversityEdeNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of IlorinIlorinNigeria Department of Paediatrics Federal Medical CentreYenagoaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Uthman Dan Fodio UniversitySokotoNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of MaiduguriMaiduguriNigeria Department of Paediatrics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria Department of Paediatrics Imo State University Teaching HospitalOrluNigeria Department of Paediatrics University of JosJosNigeria World Health Organization Country OfficeKampalaUganda

Background:In acute falciparum malaria,asexual parasite reduction ratio two days post-treatment initiation(PRRD2)≥10000 per cycle has been used as a measure of the rapid clearance of parasitaemia and efficacy of artemisinin ***,there is little evaluation of alternative measures;for example,parasite reduction ratio one day after treatment initiation(PRRD1)and its relationship with parasite clearance time(PcT)or *** study evaluated the use of PRRD1 as a measure of responsiveness to antimalarial ***:In acutely malarious children treated with artesunate-amodiaquine(AA),artemether-lumefantrine(AL)or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine(DHP),the relationships between PRRD1 or PRRD2 and PcT,and between PRRD1 and PRRD2 were evaluated using linear *** between estimates of PcT using PRRD1 and PRRD2 linear regression equations was evaluated using the Bland-Altman *** of PRRD1>5000 per half cycle and PRRD2≥10000 per cycle were evaluated using stepwise multiple logistic regression *** the linear regression equation of the relationship between PRRD1 and PcT previously generated in half of the DHP-treated children during the early study phase,PcT estimates were compared in a prospective blinded manner with PcTs determined by microscopy during the later study phase in the remaining ***:In 919 malarious children,PRRD1 was significantly higher in DHP-and AA-treated compared with AL-treated children(Pcorrelated significantly negatively with PcT values(Pch)and significantly positively with each other(PcT estimates from linear regression equations for PRRD1 and PRRD2 showed insignificant bias on the Bland-Altman plot(P=0.7)indicating the estimates can be used *** presentation,age>15months,parasitaemia>10000/μl and DHP treatment independently predicted PRRD1>5000 per half cycle,while age>30months,haematocrit≥31%,body temperature>37.4°c,parasi

关键词： Falciparum malaria Artemisinin-based combination therapies Parasite clearance children Nigeria

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Declining responsiveness of childhood Plasmodium falciparum infections to artemisinin-based combination treatments ten years following deployment as first-line antimalarials in Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 96-97页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Godwin Ntadom Kazeem Akano Folasade O.Ibironke Adejumoke I.Ayede chimere Agomo Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho christian Happi Stephen Oguche Henrietta U.Okafor Martin Meremikwu Philip Agomo William Ogala Ismaila Watila Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo joy c.ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Wellington Oyibo Francis Useh Temitope Aderoyeje Titilope M.Dokunmu Omobolaji T.Alebiosu Sikiru Amoo Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe chukwuebuka Okafor Odafe Akpoborie Bayo Fatunmbi Elsie O.Adewoye Nnenna M.Ezeigwe Ayoade Oduola Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria 不详

Background:The development and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Greater Mekong Subregion has created impetus for continuing global monitoring of efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies(AcTs). This post analyses is aimed to evaluate changes in early treatment response markers 10 years after the adoption of AcTs as first-line treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in ***: At 14 sentinel sites in six geographical areas of Nigeria, we evaluated treatment responses in 1341 children under 5 years and in additional 360 children under 16 years with uncomplicated malaria enrolled in randomized trials of artemether-lumefantrine versus artesunate-amodiaquine at 5-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2014-2015 and at 2-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2012-2015, respectively after deployment in ***: Asexual parasite positivity 1 day after treatment initiation (APPD1) rose from 54 to 62% and 2 days after treatment initiation from 5 to 26% in 2009-2010 to 2014-2015(P=0.002 and Pctively).Parasite clearance time increased significantly from 1.6 days (95% confidence interval [cI]: 1.55-1.64) to 1.9 days (95% c,1.9-2.0) and geometric mean parasite reduction ratio 2 days after treatment initiation decreased significantly from 11 000 to 4700 within the same time period (Pch). Enrolment parasitaemia > 75 000 μl^-1, haematocrit > 27% 1 day post-treatment initiatiortreatment with artemether-lumefantrine and enrolment in 2014-2015 independently predicted APPD1. In paralle , Kaplan-Meier estimated risk of recurrent infections by day 28 rose from 8 to 14% (P=0005) and from 9 to 15%(P=0.02) with artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine, respectively. Mean asexual parasitaemia half-life increased significantly from 1.1 h to 1.3h within 2 years (Pconclusions:These data indicate declining parasitological responses through time to the two AcTs may be due to emergence of parasites with r

关键词： Declining responsiveness Falciparum malaria children Artemisinin-based combination treatment Nigeria

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Lithium-ion mobility in layered oxides Li_(2)ca_(1.5)Nb_(3)O_(10),Li_(2)ca_(1.5)TaNb_(2)O_(10)and Li_(2)ca_(1.5)Ta_(2)NbO_(10),enhanced by supercell formation

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 75-84页

作者： Selorm joy Fanah Farshid Ramezanipour Department of chemistry University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40292USA

The formation of a supercell and its impact on lithium-ion conductivity have been studied through synthesis of three layered oxides,Li_(2)ca_(1.5)Nb_(3)O_(10),Li_(2)ca_(1.5)TaNb_(2)O_(10)and Li_(2)ca_(1.5)Ta_(2)NbO_(10),related to Ruddlesden-Popper *** diffraction experiments show that these materials feature a supercell,which is significantly larger(√2a×√2b×1c)than that of a typical RuddlesdenPopper *** impedance spectroscopy shows that the formation of the new supercell is associated with enhanced lithium-ion conductivity of these materials as compared with the Sranalogue,Li_(2)Sr_(1.5)Nb_(3)O_(10),which lacks the *** addition,a systematic trend is observed in the ionic conductivity:Li_(2)ca_1.5Ta_(2)NbO10ca_(1.5)TaNb_(2)O_(10)ca_(1.5)Nb_(3)O_(10).The Arrhenius analysis in the temperature range 25–400°c shows that activation energy for the temperature-dependent rise in conductivity follows a similar *** analyses of real and imaginary components of impedance,dielectric properties,tangent loss,and complex modulus show the systematic increase in lithium-ion *** dielectric values mirror the same trend as ionic conductivity,where the most conductive material shows the highest dielectric *** addition,the same trend is observed in the peak and dispersion of dielectric loss and complex modulus as a function of angular frequency,indicating a systematic rise in lithium-ion *** fundamental study is aimed at exploring the impact of structural modifications on ionic conductivity in solids.

关键词： Lithium-ion conductivity Supercell Impedance Dielectric analyses

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Advances in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks(VANETs):challenges and Road-map for Future Development

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2016年第1期13卷 1-18页

作者： Elias c.Eze Si-Jing Zhang En-Jie Liu joy c.Eze centre for Wireless Research Institute for Research in Applicable Computing (IRAC) Department of Computer Science and TechnologyUniversity of Bedfordshire

Recent advances in wireless communication technologies and auto-mobile industry have triggered a significant research interest in the field of vehicular ad-hoc networks （VANETs） over the past few years. A vehicular network consists of vehicle-to-vehicle （V2V） and vehicle-to-infrastructure （V2I） communications supported by wireless access technologies such as IEEE 802.11p. This innovation in wireless communication has been envisaged to improve road safety and motor traffic efficiency in near future through the development of intelligent transportation system （ITS）. Hence, governments, auto-mobile industries and academia are heavily partnering through several ongoing research projects to establish standards for VANETs. The typical set of VANET application areas, such as vehicle collision warning and traffic information dissemination have made VANET an interesting field of mobile wireless communication. This paper provides an overview on current research state, challenges, potentials of VANETs as well as the ways forward to achieving the long awaited ITS.

关键词： Vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V) vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) intelligent transport systems (ITS) IEEE802.11p wireless access in vehicular environment (WAVE) IEEE 1609.

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Lepton and quark mixing patterns with generalized cP transformations

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chinese Physics c 2022年第10期46卷 25-42页

作者： joy Ganguly Raghavendra Srikanth Hundi Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology HyderabadKandi-502284India

In this study,we modify a scenario,originally proposed by Grimus and Lavoura,in order to obtain maximal values for the atmospheric mixing angle and cP,violating the Dirac phase of the lepton *** achieve this,we employ cP and some discrete symmetries in a type Ⅱ seesaw *** make predictions about the neutrino mass ordering and smallness of the reactor angle,we establish some conditions on the elements of the neutrino mass matrix of our ***,we study the quark masses and mixing pattern within the framework of our model.

关键词： neutrino physics nuetrino mass and mixing model quark mass and mixing analysis of scalar potential

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Multi-scale drivers of soil resistance predict vulnerability of seasonally wet meadows to trampling by pack stock animals in the Sierra Nevada,USA

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 364-377页

作者： joy S.Baccei Mitchel P.Mcclaran Tim J.Kuhn Stephen c.Hart Environmental Systems Graduate Group University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA Uc Merced Vernal Pools and Grassland Reserve UC Merced Natural Reserve SystemMercedCA 95343USA School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Resources Management and Science Yosemite National ParkEl PortalCA 95318USA Department of Life&Environmental Sciences and Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA.

Background:Meadow ecosystems have important ecological functions and support socioeconomic services,yet are subject to multiple stressors that can lead to rapid *** the Sierra Nevada of the western USA,recreational pack stock(horses and mules)use in seasonally wet mountain meadows may lead to soil trampling and meadow degradation,especially when soil water content is high and vegetation is ***:In order to improve the ability to predict meadow vulnerability to soil disturbance from pack stock use,we measured soil resistance(SR),which is an index of vulnerability to trampling disturbance,at two spatial scales using a stratified-random sampling *** then compared SR to several soil and vegetation explanatory variables that were also measured at the two spatial scales:plant community type(local scale)and topographic gradient class(meadow scale).Results:We found that local-scale differences in drivers of SR were contingent on the meadow scale,which is important because multiple spatial scale evaluation of ecological metrics provides a broader understanding of the potential controls on ecological processes than assessments conducted at a single spatial *** also found two contrasting explanatory models for drivers of SR at the local scale:(1)soil gravimetric water content effects on soil disaggregation and(2)soil bulk density and root mass influence on soil *** resistance was insufficient to sustain pack stock use without incurring soil deformation in wet plant communities,even when plant cover was maximal during a major ***:Our study provides new information on seasonally wet meadow vulnerability to trampling by pack stock animals using multi-scale drivers of SR,including the contrasting roles of soil disaggregation,friction,and *** work aims to inform meadow management efforts in the Sierra Nevada and herbaceous ecosystems in similar regions that are subject to seasonal soil saturation and livestock u

关键词： Hydrogeomorphic classification Hydrologic regime Pack stock Plant communities Soil properties Soil strength

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Mining diversity of the natural biorefinery housed within Tipula abdominalis larvae for use in an industrial biorefinery for production of lignocellulosic ethanol

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 303-312页

作者： Dana M. cook joy Doran-Peterson Microbiology Department University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA

Although they are the largest taxonomic group of animals, relatively few insects have been examined for symbiotic relationships with micro-organisms. However, this is rapidly changing because of the potential for examination of the natural insectmicrobe-lignocellulose interactions to provide insights for biofuel technology. Micro-organisms associated with lignocellulose-consuming insects often facilitate the digestion of the recalcitrant plant diet; therefore these microbial communities may be mined for novel lignocellulose-degrading microbes, or for robust and inexpensive biocatalysts necessary for economically feasible biofuel production from lignocellulose. These insect-microbe interactions are influenced by the ecosystem and specific lignocellulose diet, and appre- ciating the whole ecosystem-insect-microbiota-lignocellulose as a natural biorefinery provides a rich and diverse framework from which to design novel industrial processes. One such natural biorefinery, the Tipula abdominalis larvae in riparian ecosystems, is reviewed herein with applications for biochemical processes and overcoming challenges involved in conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol. From the dense and diverse T. abdominalis larval hindgut microbial community, a cellulolytic bacterial isolate, 27c64, demonstrated enzymatic activity toward many model plant polymers and also produced a bacterial antibiotic. 27c64 was co-cultured with yeast in fermentation of pine to ethanol, which allowed for a 20% reduction of commercial enzyme. In this study, a micro-organism from a lignocellulose-consuming insect was successfully applied for improvement of biomass-to-biofuel technology.

关键词： ethanol hydrolytic enzymes insect-associated microorganisms lignocellulose

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Analysis of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzyme activity within the Tipula abdominalis （Diptera： Tipulidae） larval gut and characterization of crocebacterium ilecola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the Tipula abdominalis larval hindgut

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Insect Science 2010年第3期17卷 291-302页

作者： Theresa E. Rogers joy Doran-Peterson Microbiology Department University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA

In forested stream ecosystems of the north and eastern United States, larvae of the aquatic crane fly Tipula abdominalis are important shredders of leaf litter detritus. T. abdominalis larvae harbor a dense and diverse microbial community in their hindgut that may aide in the degradation oflignocellulose. In this study, the activities ofcellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes were demonstrated from hindgut extracts and from bacterial isolates using model sugar substrates. One of the bacterial isolates was further characterized as a member of the family Microbacteriaceae. Taxonomic position of the isolate within this family was determined by a polyphasic approach, as is commonly employed for the separation of genera within the family Microbacteriaceae. The bacterial isolate is Gramtype positive, motile, non-sporulating, and rod-shaped. The G ＋ c content of the DNA is 64.9 mol%. The cell wall contains B2y type peptidoglycan, D- and L-diaminobutyric acid as the diamino acid, and rhamnose as the predominant sugar. The predominant fatty acids are 12-methyltetradecanoic acid （ai-c15：0） and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid （ai-c17：0）. The isolate forms a distinct lineage within the family Microbacteriaceae, as determined by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. We propose the name crocebacterium ilecola gen. nov., sp. nov., to accommodate this bacterial isolate. The type species is T202T （ATcc BAA-1359; GenBank Accession DQ826511）.

关键词： cellulolytic hemicellulolytic hindgut

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Biology and control of the fruit borer, conopomorpha sinensis Bradley on litchi （Litchi chinensis Sonn.） in northern Thailand

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 525-529页

作者： MARIE joy ScHULTE KONRAD MARTIN JOAcHIM SAUERBORN Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

Fruit and leaf shoot of litchi （Litchi chinensis） infestation by naturally occurring populations of the fruit bprer, conopomorpha sinensis larvae and c. sinensis parasitization rates were determined in litchi orchards in northern Thailand at high （ca. 1 400 m ASL） and low （ca. 800 m ASL） elevations with different, non-overlapping fruiting seasons. In addition, spray applications of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, the natural compound spinosad and the chemical pesticide imidacloprid were conducted in the field to test the effects of these agents on c. sinensis fruit infestation rate. Fruit infestation rate and fruit growth, studied in a low elevation orchard, were sigmoidal and showed a highly significant positive correlation （P ≤ 0.01）. Leaf shoot infestation rate in the low elevation orchard decreased in the course of the fruiting season （March until May）, but increased in the high elevation orchard, where no fruits were present within the same period of time. Together, these results indicate that females of c. sinensis clearly prefer fruits over shoots for oviposition. If no fruits are available, which was the case in the high elevation orchard during that time, they are constrained to lay their eggs on shoots. The parasitization rate of c. sinensis larvae in untreated fruits was 54.3%. The parasitoid species were chelonus chailini （90.8%） and Phanerotoma sp. （9.2%）. In the leaf shoots, c. sinensis was found to be parasitized by Phanerotoma sp. and Apanteles briareus. The applications of the different active agents had no significant effect on c. sinensis fruit infestation compared to the untreated control. Besides the cryptic life of the larvae, this is most probably explained by the fact that c. sinensis has several generations during the fruiting season. Because of the high parasitization rates recorded, an alternative and more effective control measure than the application of pesticides might be the augmentative release of parasitoids.

关键词： conopomorpha sinensis fruit infestation Litchi chinensis northern Thailand,parasitoids pest control

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Prevalence of parasitemia and associated immunodeficiency among HIV—malaria co—infected adult patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第2期6卷 148-152页

作者： caroline Edijana Omoti chiedozie K.Ojide Patrick V.Lofor Emeka Eze joy c Eze Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin CityNigeria Department of Medical Microbiology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin CityNigeria Department of Internal Medicine University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin CityNigeria

Objective:To investigate the malaria parasitemia,cD4~+ cell counts and some haematological indices among HIV-malaria co-infected adult patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).Methods:A total of 342 adult HIV positive subjects were recruited at the consultant outpatient HIV/AIDS *** of Benin Teaching Hospital,Benin city,Nigeria between June 2011 to November *** samples were taken for malaria parasite count,cD4~+ cell count and other haematological ***:Out of the 342 adult HIV positive subjects a total of 254 patients(74.3%) were found to have malaria *** incidence of malaria parasitemia increased with advancing clinical stage of HIV infection and this was statistically significant(P=0.002).There was no statistical significance when gender was compared with the HIV-malaria status(P>0.05).Of the 254 co-infected patients,134(52.8%) had high parasitemia (>1.25×10~9/L).Sixty patients were found to be hyperparasitemic(>2.5 parasites/L).There was a significant association between cD4~+ cell count and having significant parasitemia(Pco-infected patients had cD4~+ cell count≤200/μL,and majority(44.9%) of this population also had significant *** and thrombocytopenia were not significantly associated with HIV-malaria co-infection(P>0.05).conclusions:The prevalence of parasitemia is high among the HIV/AIDS infected patients.

关键词： HIV Malaria HAART cD4~+

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