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提交后更改预先制订的统计分析计划这些计划是研究完整性的基础,但不是不可改变的

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第12期25卷 685-686页

作者： Islam Nazrul Cole Tim J ross joseph s Feeney Timothy Loder Elizabeth 吴俣(译) 刘民(校) The BMJ Faculty of Medicine University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK UCL Great Ormond street Institute of Child Health University College LondonLondonUK Yale school of Medicine Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Gillings school of Global Public Health University of North Carolina-Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA Department of Neurology Brigham and Women′s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 北京大学公共卫生学院流行病学与卫生统计学系

透明度和可重复性是证据生成和研究知识传播的两个基本原则1-2。研究人员提出问题,挑战结论,复制结果并仔细审查结果——这就是我们积累知识并帮助制订循证政策的方式。如果科学研究要作为能够对人类福祉产生重大影响的政策基础,科学的... 详细信息

透明度和可重复性是证据生成和研究知识传播的两个基本原则1-2。研究人员提出问题,挑战结论,复制结果并仔细审查结果——这就是我们积累知识并帮助制订循证政策的方式。如果科学研究要作为能够对人类福祉产生重大影响的政策基础,科学的完整性、可靠性、可重复性和透明度至关重要3。

关键词：积累知识审查结果人类福祉可重复性循证政策知识传播科学研究透明度

Does deep sedation with propofol affect adenoma detection rates in average risk screening colonoscopy exams?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第4期9卷 177-182页

作者： selvi Thirumurthi Gottumukkala s Raju Mala Pande joseph Ruiz Richard Carlson Katherine B Hagan Jeffrey H Lee William A ross Department of Gastroen-terology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Department of Anesthesiology and Peri Operative Medicine University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

AIM To determine the effect of sedation with propofol on adenoma detection rate(ADR) and cecal intubation rates(CIR) in average risk screening colonoscopies compared to moderate sedation.METHODs We conducted a retrospective chart review of 2604 firsttime average risk screening colonoscopies performed at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2010-2013. ADR and CIR were calculated in each sedation group. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to adjust for potential confounders of age and body mass index(BMI). REsULTs One-third of the exams were done with propofol(n = 874). Overall ADR in the propofol group was significantly higher than moderate sedation(46.3% vs 41.2%, P = 0.01). After adjustment for age and BMI differences, ADR was similar between the groups. CIR was 99% for all exams. The mean cecal insertion time was shorter among propofol patients(6.9 min vs 8.2 min; P sION Deep sedation with propofol for screening colonoscopy did not significantly improve ADR or CIR in our population of average risk patients. While propofol may allow for safer sedation in certain patients(e.g., with sleep apnea), the overall effect on colonoscopy quality metrics is not significant. Given its increased cost, propofol should be used judiciously and without the implicit expectation of a higher quality screening exam.

关键词：镇静 Propofol 腺瘤察觉率盲肠的 intubation 率 Colonoscopy 优秀度量标准

seeing through a new lens: exploring the potential of city walking tour videos for urban analytics

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 2555-2573页

作者： Maximilian C.Hartmann ross s.Purves Department of Geography University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

City Walking Tour Videos(CWTVs)are a novel source of Volunteered Geographic Information providing street-level imagery through video sharing platforms such as YouTube.We demonstrate that these videos contain rich information for urban analytical applications,by conducting a mobility study.We detect transport modes with a focus on active(pedestrians and cyclists)and motorised mobility(cars,motorcyclists and trucks).We chose the City of Paris as our area of interest given the rapid expansion of the bicycle network as a response to the Covid-19 pandemic and compiled a video corpus encompassing more than 66 hours of video footage.Through the detection of street names in the video and placename containing timestamps we extracted and georeferenced 1169 locations at which we summarise the detected transport modes.Our results show high potential of CWTVs for studying urban mobility applications.We detected significant shifts in the mobility mix before and during the pandemic as well as weather effects on the volumes of pedestrians and cyclists.Combined with the observed increase in data availability over the years we suggest that CWTVs have considerable potential for other applications in the field of urban analytics.

关键词： street-level imagery city walking tour videos transport modes mobility object detection geolocation

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment paradigm after HK0501–a potential way forward

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Cancer Communications 2022年第9期42卷 801-803页

作者： sharon s Poh joseph Ts Wee Department of Radiation Oncology National Cancer Centre SingaporeSingapore 169610Singapore Oncology Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore 169857Singapore

The Hong Kong Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma(NPC)study Group 0501 trial(HK0501)is the first trial that directly compares induction(IC)versus adjuvant chemotherapy(AC)both given together with concurrent chemoradiation(CCRT)treatment,which long has been a contentious issue[1].Its most salient finding is that when adjusted for platinum doses and other significant factors,the timing of the chemotherapy sequence is not important.In the era where chemotherapy is administered at maximum tolerated doses(MTD),the induction strategy has the advantage because of better tolerability.On the other hand,with the realization that there may be more ways to skin a cat,adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy has gained traction at the 2021 American society of Clinical Oncology(AsCO)meeting[2]and provides an alternative to the decades’old dogma of MTD.Metronomic chemotherapy works by exerting an anti-angiogenic effect[3-6]and also has immune effects like removing regulatory T cells(Tregs)[7]and myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDsCs)from the tumour microenvironment[8]and causing dendritic cell maturation,which upregulates and primes the anti-tumor T cell immune response[9,10].Pediatricians are probably the first to successfully incorporate 2 years of maintenance metronomic chemotherapy in their childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia protocols[11]which now boast cure rates of over 90%[12].

关键词： doses Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Description and characterization of place properties using topic modeling on georeferenced tags

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Geo-spatial Information science 2018年第3期21卷 173-184页

作者： Azam R.Bahrehdar ross s.Purves Department of Geography University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland

User-Generated Content(UGC)provides a potential data source which can help us to better describe and understand how places are conceptualized,and in turn better represent the places in Geographic Information science(GIscience).In this article,we aim at aggregating the shared meanings associated with places and linking these to a conceptual model of place.Our focus is on the metadata of Flickr images,in the form of locations and tags.We use topic modeling to identify regions associated with shared meanings.We choose a grid approach and generate topics associated with one or more cells using Latent Dirichlet Allocation.We analyze the sensitivity of our results to both grid resolution and the chosen number of topics using a range of measures including corpus distance and the coherence value.Using a resolution of 500 m and with 40 topics,we are able to generate meaningful topics which characterize places in London based on 954 unique tags associated with around 300,000 images and more than 7000 individuals.

关键词： Place property topic modeling Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI) tagging

China in the Global Response to Climate Change

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China & World Economy 2023年第1期31卷 44-61页

作者： ross Garnaut Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and social Research University of MelbourneAustralia

China has a huge national interest in the success of the international effort to hold human-induced increases in temperature to 1.5 degrees-and therefore in global net emissions falling to net zero by 2050.China is essential to the success of the global effort-as a supplier of competitively priced equipment for the zero emissions world economy and as the world's largest current source of greenhouse gas emissions.success is more likely for China and the world with international specialization in goods production for the zero emissions economy.This will require open international trade,with China supplying equipment and drawing zero emissions semi-processed goods from abroad.success is more likely and will be achieved at a lower cost if there is close cooperation across national boundaries.

关键词： China climate change international cooperation zero carbon

High strength and ductility of titanium matrix composites by nanoscale design in selective laser melting

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第23期118卷 114-127页

作者： joseph A.Otte Jin Zou Matthew s.Dargusch school of Mechanical and Mining Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

The use of selective laser melting(sLM)to produce titanium matrix composites(TMCs)with high strength while retaining sufficient tensile ductility suitable for structural applications is emerging as an attractive opportunity in the field of advanced manufacturing.However,the presence of coarse ceramic reinforcements as well as difficulties in optimizing the sLM process is a barrier to the application of TMCs.In this study,we demonstrated the production of TMCs reinforced with in situ high aspect ratio Ti B nanowhiskers by selective laser melting using nanosized BN powder additions.Pure Ti with 2.5 vol.%nanosized BN powder showed promise for producing high performance TMCs with retained ductility.BN acted to produce Ti B nanowhiskers with diameterst process furnace annealing Ti B retained a low diameter but exhibited a high aspect ratio,up to 400.In addition to Ti B refinement,nanosized BN addition promoted grain refinement during sLM,both acting as a solute to induce nucleation events and,as Ti B is formed,providing nucleation sites leading to an ultrafine grain structure in as printed samples and after annealing.The produced TMCs exhibit high tensile yield strength,up to1392 MPa,while retaining tensile ductility up to 10%.This study has shown how nanoscale design in powder bed fusion additive manufacturing techniques can be used to produce high performance TMCs through a combination of refined grain structure and high aspect ratio Ti B leading to TMCs with significant improvement in strength,isotropic properties and retained tensile ductility.

关键词： Additive manufacturing selective laser melting Metal matrix composite Mechanical properties Nanostructure Nanowires

TCR-pMHC:Envisioning the specialized dynamics of the target 5-component complex

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第6期19卷 657-659页

作者： joseph s.Murray Xenolaüs Genetics LLC Los AngelesCA90024USA

The mechanosensor theory of TCR function holds theα/βcomponent of the T-cell antigen receptor complex ultimately responsible for adaptive immunity[1,2,3].T-cell motility is envisioned to provide a force necessary to slow TCR dynamics as it sits on the pMHC ligand of an antigen presenting cell[1],which theoretically allows the TCR to discriminate different pMHC structures,principally by the so-called catch bonds(mostly H-bonds)at the interfaces of the 5-component complex(i.e.,TCRα/TCRβ/peptide/MHC-IIα(or,MHC-heavy-chain)/MHC-IIβ(or MHC-light-chain)[1,2,3,4].

关键词： component TCR complex

The future of retinal gene therapy: evolving from subretinal to intravitreal vector delivery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1751-1759页

作者： Maya ross Ron Ofri Koret school of Veterinary Medicine The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovotIsrael

Inherited retinal degenerations are a leading and untreatbale cause of blindness, and as such they are targets for gene therapy. Numerous gene therapy treatments have progressed from laboratory research to clinical trails, and a pioneering gene therapy received the first ever FDA approval for treating patients. However, currently retinal gene therapy mostly involves subretinal injection of the therapeutic agent, which treats a limited area, entails retinal detachment and other potential complications, and requires general anesthesia with consequent risks, costs and prolonged recovery. Therefore there is great impetus to develop safer, less invasive and cheapter methods of gene delivery. A promising method is intravitreal injection, that does not cause retinal detachment, can lead to pan-retinal transduction and can be performed under local anesthesia in outpatient clinics. Intravitreally-injected vectors face several obstacles. First, the vector is diluted by the vitreous and has to overcome a long diffusion distance to the target cells. second, the vector is exposed to the host's immune response, risking neutralization by pre-existing antibodies and triggering a stronger immune response to the injection. Third, the vector has to cross the inner limiting membrane which is both a physical and a biological barrier as it contains binding sites that could cause the vector's sequestration. Finally, in the target cell the vector is prone to proteasome degradation before delivering the transgene to the nucleus. strategies to overcome these obstacles include modifications of the viral capsid, through rational design or directed evolution, which allow resistance to the immune system, enhancement of penetration through the inner limiting membrane or reduced degradation by intracellular proteasomes. Furthermore, physical and chemical manipulations of the inner limiting membrane and vitreous aim to improve vector penetration. Finally, compact non-viral vectors that can overcome the immunological, physical and anatomical and

关键词： adeno-associated virus animal model blindness gene therapy inner limiting membrane photoreceptors retina retinitis pigmentosa vitreous