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Recent advances in the management of rectal cancer: No surgery, minimal surgery or minimally invasive surgery

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第6期9卷 139-148页

作者： joseph m plummer Pierre-Anthony Leake matthew R Albert Department of Surgery Radiology Anaesthesia and Intensive Care University of the West Indies Center for Colon and Rectal Surgery De-partment of Colon and Rectal Surgery Florida Hospital

Over the last decade,with the acceptance of the need for improvements in the outcome of patients affected with rectal cancer,there has been a significant increase in the literature regarding treatment options available to patients affected by this *** treatment related decisions should be made at a high volume multidisciplinary tumor board,after pre-operative rectal magnetic resonance imaging and the importance of total mesorectal excision(TmE)are accepted standard of *** controversial is the emerging role for watchful waiting rather than radical surgery in complete pathologic responders,which may be appropriate in 20%of *** with early T1 rectal cancers and favorable pathologic features can be cured with local excision only,with transanal minimal invasive surgery(TAmIS)because of its versatility and almost universal availability of the necessary equipment and skillset in the average laparoscopic surgeon,emerging as the leading *** trials have raised concerns about the oncologic outcomes of the standard"top-down"TmE hence transanal TmE(Ta TmE"bottom-up")approach has gained popularity as an *** challenges are many,with a dearth of evidence of the oncologic superiority in the long-term for any given ***,this review highlights recent advances in the role of chemoradiation only for complete pathologic responders,TAmIS for highly selected early rectal cancer patients and Ta TmE as options to improve cure rates whilst maintaining quality of life in these patients,while we await the results of further definitive trials being currently conducted.

关键词： Rectal cancer Watchful waiting Transanal minimal invasive surgery Transanal total mesorectal excision

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Comparative analysis of open and laparoscopic colectomy for malignancy in a developing country

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2013年第11期5卷 294-299页

作者： Pierre-Anthony Leake Kristen Pitzul Patrick O Roberts joseph m plummer Department of Surgery RadiologyAnaesthesia and Intensive CareFaculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of the WestIndiesKingston 7Jamaica Institute of Health Policy management and Evaluation University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5T 3M6Canada

AIm: To compare the short-term, including oncologic, outcomes of open vs laparoscopic colectomy for cancer in a developing country. mETHODS: The records of patients who underwent elective open and laparoscopic colectomies for cancer at the University Hospital of the West Indies between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic(age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index score), peri-operative, post-operative and oncologic data were collected for each patient. Specific oncologic variables included lymph node yield, pathologic stage, grade, proximal, distal and circumferential margin involvement. Fisher's exact, mann-Whitney, and binary logistic regression tests were used for analysis. Significance level was set atP my(OC) and 17 cases for laparoscopic colectomy(LC). Demographics did not significantly differ between OC and LC groups. Intra-operative blood loss and postoperative analgesic requirements did not significantly differ between groups. There was a trend towards longer operating times in OC group and shorter hospital stay in the LC group. Lymph node yield(14 vs 14, P = 0.619), proximal(10 cm vs 7 cm, P = 0.353) and distal(8 cm vs 8 cm, P = 0.57) resection margin distance and circumferential margin involvement(9 vs 0, P = 0.348) did not significantly differ between groups. Thirty-day morbidity was equivalent between groups(22 vs 6, P = 0.774). There were 6 deaths within 30 d of initial procedure, all in the OC group(6.9%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic colectomy in a developing country is oncologically safe and represents a option for colonic malignancies in these regions. Such data encourage the continued laparoscopic development.

关键词： Laparoscopy Colectomy Cancer Developing country Colorectal Oncology Short-term Outcomes

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Colorectal resections for malignancy: A pilot study comparing conventional vs freehand robot-assisted laparoscopic colectomy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第3期12卷 488-494页

作者： Shamir O Cawich joseph martin plummer Sahle Griffith Vijay Naraynsingh Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesSt AugustineTrinidad and Tobago Department of General Surgery and Consultant General and Colorectal Surgeon Department of SurgeryUniversity of the West IndiesKingstonKIN7Jamaica Department of Surgery Queen Elizabeth HospitalBridgetownBarbados Department of Surgery Port of Spain General HospitalPort of SpainTrinidad and Tobago

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic colectomy is widely accepted as a safe operation for colorectal cancer,but we have experienced resistance to the introduction of the FreeHandffrobotic camera holder to augment laparoscopic colorectal *** To compare the initial results between conventional and FreeHandffrobot-assisted laparoscopic colectomy in Trinidad and *** This was a prospective study of outcomes from all laparoscopic colectomies per-formed for colorectal carcinoma from November 29,2021 to may 30,*** following data were recorded:Operating time,conversions,estimated blood loss,hospitalization,morbidity,surgical resection margins and number of nodes *** data were entered into an excel database and the data were analyzed using SPSS ver *** There were 23 patients undergoing colectomies for malignant disease:8(35%)FreeHandff-assisted and 15(65%)conventional laparoscopic *** were no *** time was significantly lower in patients under-going robot-assisted laparoscopic colectomy(95.13±9.22 vs 105.67±11.48 min;P=0.045).Otherwise,there was no difference in estimated blood loss,nodal harvest,hospitalization,morbidity or *** The FreeHandffrobot for colectomies is safe,provides some advantages over conventional laparoscopy and does not compromise oncologic standards in the resource-poor Caribbean setting.

关键词： Laparoscopic Colectomy Robot Surgery minimally invasive

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Current perspectives and the future of disease-modifying therapies in type 1 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第1期16卷 12-21页

作者： Sunetra mondal joseph m Pappachan Department of Endocrinology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkata 700014West BengalIndia Department of Endocrinology and metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Department of Endocrinology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal 576104India

Use of immunomodulating agents to prevent the progression of autoimmuneβ-cell damage leading to type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1Dm)is an interesting area for *** include non-specific anti-inflammatory agents,immunologic vaccination and anti-inflammatory agents targeting specific immune cells or *** is an anti-CD3-molecule that binds to and leads to the disappearance of the CD3/TCR complex and rendering the T cell anergic to its target *** and clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing the decline in serum C-peptide levels and the need for insulin therapy if used early in the disease process of *** benefits have been apparent as early as six months to as long as seven years after *** has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to delay the onset of clinical(stage 3)type 1 diabetes in children above 8 years of *** their recent metaanalysis published in the World Journal of Diabetes,ma et al found that those in the teplizumab treatment group have a greater likelihood of reduction in insulin use,change in C-peptide response,and better glycemic control compared to the control group with a good safety ***,all the included randomized control trials have been conducted in high-income *** cost of therapy and unknown utility of the molecule in stage 3 disease limit its widespread use.

关键词： Teplizumab Type 1 diabetes mellitus Disease modifying therapy β-cell function C-peptide Immunotherapy

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Endocannabinoids are potential inhibitors of glioblastoma multiforme proliferation

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2023年第2期21卷 120-129页

作者： Ashraf Duzan Desiree Reinken Timothy L.mcGomery Nicholas m.Ferencz Jacob m.plummer mufeed m.Basti School of Pharmacy Wingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA Applied Science and Technology Department North Carolina State University of Agriculture and TechnologyGreensboroNC 27411USA College of Nursing University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Collage of Arts and Science Department of Chemistry and PhysicsWingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA

Globally,it is evident that glioblastoma multiforme(GBm)is an aggressive malignant cancer with a high mortality rate and no effective treatment *** is classified as the stage-four progression of a glioma tumor,and its diagnosis results in a shortened life *** options for GBm include chemotherapy,immunotherapy,surgical intervention,and conventional pharmacotherapy;however,at best,they extend the patient’s life by a maximum of 5 *** are considered incurable due to their high recurrence rate,despite various aggressive therapeutic approaches which can have many serious adverse ***,classified as endocannabinoids,offer a promising novel therapeutic approach for *** may enhance the apoptosis of GBm cells but have no effect on normal healthy neural *** promote atypical protein kinase C,deactivate fatty acid amide hydrolase enzymes,and activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)and TRPV2 to induce pro-apoptotic signaling pathways without increasing endogenous *** previous in vivo studies,endocannabinoids,chemically classified as amide formations of oleic and palmitic acids,have been shown to increase the pro-apoptotic activity of human cancer cells and inhibit cell migration and *** review focuses on the biological synthesis and pharmacology of endogenous cannabinoids for the enhancement of cancer cell apoptosis,which have potential as a novel therapy for GBm.

关键词： Glioblastoma Endocannabinoids Ceramide Apoptosis Chemotherapy Cancer

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Small dissymmetry, yet large effects on the transport propertiesof electrolytes based on imide salts: Consequences on performancein Li-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第2期31卷 352-366页

作者： joseph Chidiac Laure Timperman mérièm Anouti Laboratoire PCm2E Universitéde ToursParc de Grandmont37200 ToursFrance

To gain better insight into the influence of the anion size and symmetry on the transport properties and thermal stability of an electrolyte based on lithium(fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide(FTFSI)salt,we performed the physical and electrochemical characterization of an electrolyte based on FTFSI incorporated in standard binary(3 EC/7 EmC)and ternary(EC/PC/3 DmC)alkylcarbonate *** applying the Jones-Dole-Kaminsky(JDK),Eyring and Arrhenius empirical models to the electrolyte viscosity we show that the activation enthalpy and entropy energy barriers(ΔH≠,ΔS≠)for viscous flow are between 12 and 15 kJ·mol^(-1).They are strongly dependent on the solvent nature and are significantly lower than their symmetric anions LiFSI and LiTFSI(19-20 kJ·mol^(-1))in the binary ***,the hydrodynamic radius,rs,calculated by JDK,and the ionicity behavior illustrated by the Walden role,showed that the FTFSI anion is outside the solvation sphere(rs>0.6 nm)which is smaller in the case of an EC/EmC solvent *** the 3 EC/7 EmC solvent mixture,LiFTFSI is less conductive than in the ternary mixture i.e.,σ_(max)=8.9 mS cm^(-1) at C_(max)=1.1 mol L^(-1) for 3 EC/7 EmC and,σ_(max)=10.5 mS cm^(-1) at max=0.7 mol L^(-1) for EC/PC/3 DmC,due to a strong solvation and a greater association of FTFSI ions in the binary solvent *** thermal stability of FTFSI based electrolytes was determined by the shift of the evaporation temperature of the volatile solvents(DmC,EmC)in the presence of salt,towards the higher *** feature is visible on the thermograms obtained by DSC both with the liquid electrolyte and with charged LmO cathodes in presence of *** consequences of these properties on the electrochemical behavior of a graphite(Gr)half-cell,a lithium metal(Li)anode and a manganese lithium oxide(LmO)cathode demonstrated on the one hand the formation of a thick solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on graphite that consumed a significant amou

关键词： LiFTFSI Electrolyte Viscosity Interface Li-ion battery

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Chemical exposures and suspected impacton Gulf War Veterans

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military medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 577-586页

作者： Rami Elhaj joseph m.Reynolds Center for Cancer Biology Immunology and InfectionChicago Medical SchoolRosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA

Gulf War Illness(GWI) encompass a spectrum of maladies specific to troops deployed during the Persian Gulf War(1990–1991). There are several hypothesized factors believed to contribute to GWI, including(but not limited to)exposures to chemical agents and a foreign environment(e.g., dust, pollens, insects, and microbes). moreover, the inherent stress associated with deployment and combat has been associated with GWI. While the etiology of GWI remains uncertain, several studies have provided strong evidence that chemical exposures, especially neurotoxicants,may be underlying factors for the development of GWI. This mini style perspective article will focus on some of the major evidence linking chemical exposures to GWI development and persistence decades after exposure.

关键词： Gulf War Illness(GWI) Sarin Neuroinfammation Organophosphate(OP)

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The role of undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cells in peripheral nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 757-763页

作者： Rui Zhang joseph m.Rosen Dartmouth Geisel School of medicine Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

Peripheral nerve injuries impose significant health and economic consequences, yet no surgical repair can deliver a complete recovery of sensory or motor function. Traditional methods of repair are less than ideal： direct coaptation can only be performed when tension-free repair is possible, and transplantation of nerve autograft can cause donor-site morbidity and neuroma formation. Cell-based therapy delivered via nerve conduits has thus been explored as an alternative method of nerve repair in recent years. Stem cells are promising sources of the regenerative core material in a nerve conduit because stem cells are multipotent in function, abundant in supply, and more accessible than the myelinating Schwann cells. Among different types of stem cells, undifferentiated adipose-derived stem cell（uASC）, which can be processed from adipose tissue in less than two hours, is a promising yet underexplored cell type. Studies of uASC have emerged in the past decade and have shown that autologous uASCs are non-immunogenic, easy to access, abundant in supply, and efficacious at promoting nerve regeneration. Two theories have been proposed as the primary regenerative mechanisms of uASC： in situ trans-differentiation towards Schwann cells, and secretion of trophic and anti-inflammatory factors. Future studies need to fully elucidate the mechanisms, side effects, and efficacy of uASC-based nerve regeneration so that uASCs can be utilized in clinical settings.

关键词： peripheral nerve injury adipose-derived stem cells Schwann cells cell therapy nerve conduits axonal regeneration stem cell differentiation neurotrophic factors anti-apoptosis immunosuppression

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Nanoscopic imaging of oxidized graphene monolayer using tip-enhanced Raman scattering.

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Nano Research 2018年第12期11卷 6346-6359页

作者： joseph m.Smolsky Alexey V.Krasnoslobodtsev Department of Physics University of Nebraska at Omaha6001Dodge StreetOmaha NE 68182USA

Tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) can be used for the structural and chemical characterization of materials with a nanoscale resolution, and offers numerous advantages compared to other forms of imaging. We use TERS to track the local structural features of a CVD-grown graphene monolayer. Ag nanoparticles were added to AFm probes using ion-beam sputtering in order to make them TERS-active. Such modification provides probes with large factors of enhancement and good reproducibility. TERS measurements on graphene show an emergence of a defect-induced D-Raman band and a strain-induced shoulder of the graphene’s G-band. Comparison of TERS results with micro-Raman for oxidized graphene suggests that local oxidation occurs with the introduction of sp3 defects, under TERS conditions.

关键词： graphene Raman spectroscopy tip-enhanced Raman scattering graphene oxidation

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Does acid pickling of mg-Ca alloy enhance biomineralization?

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Journal of magnesium and Alloys 2021年第3期9卷 1028-1038页

作者： Shebeer A Rahim VP muhammad Rabeeh m A joseph T Hanas Department of mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology CalicutKerala 673601India Nanomaterials Research Laboratory School of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Institute of Technology CalicutKerala 673601India

The mechanical and physical properties of biodegradable magnesium(mg)alloys make them suitable for temporary orthopaedic *** success of these alloys depends on their performance in the physiological *** the present work,surface modification of mg-Ca binary alloy by acid pickling for better biomineralization and controlled biodegradation is *** corrosion rates of nitric and phosphoric acid treated samples were analysed by conducting electrochemical corrosion *** vitro degradation behaviour was studied using immersion test in simulated body fluid(SBF).The sample surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscope(SEm),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).It is seen that acid pickling leads to significant improvement in biomineralization and develop in situ calcium phosphate(Ca P)coating on the sample *** addition,the treated samples recorded a reduced degradation rate in the SBF compared to untreated ***,acid pickling is suggested as an effective surface treatment method to tailor the biomineralization and degradation behaviour of the mg-Ca alloy in the physiological environment.

关键词： Inorganic acid pickling magnesium alloy Surface pretreatment Surface characterization Biomineralization Degradation rate

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