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Functional attributes of two subtropical shrubs and implications for the distribution and management of endangered bird habitat

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journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第6期8卷 578-592页

作者： Genie M.Fleming joseph M.Wunderle jr David N.Ewert joseph j.o’brien Eileen H.Helmer Puerto Rican Conservation Foundation PO Box 362495San JuanPR 00936USA International Institute of Tropical Forestry USDA Forest ServiceSabana Field Research StationHC 02 Box 6205LuquilloPR 00773-1377USA The Nature Conservancy 101 East Grand RiverLansingMI 48906USA Center for Forest Disturbance Science USDA Forest Service320 Green StAthensGA 30602USA

Aims The fruits of Erithalis fruticosa *** Lantana involucrata *** important in the diet of u federally endangered Kirtland’s Warblers(Setophaga kirtlandii)wintering in the bahamas *** two shrubs occur in tropical and subtropical dry forests,including forests that have been subjected to recent *** their importance to the endangered warbler,the disturbance ecology of these shrubs is poorly *** sought to determine,based on functional characteristics of the plants,whether their presence is favored by a particular type or regime of *** We used data from field experiments(seed broadcasting and shrub cutting)conducted on the island of Eleuthera,The bahamas to determine mechanisms of and conditions favoring establishment and persistence(‘vital attributes’)of *** and ***,which enabled categorization according to the plant functional types defined by Noble and slatyer(1980).We then compared hypothesized distributions of these plant functional types among different anthropogenic disturbance regimes to observed distribu-tions of *** and *** in order to identify distur-bance regimes most likely to produce habitat used by Kirtland’s *** Findings *** and *** were functionally categorized as widely dispersed but largely shade intolerant species capable of establishing or regenerating individuals after disturbance via both seeds and vegetative *** hypothesized and observed distribution patterns indicated the shrubs were favored by a regime of frequent disturbance producing open canopy and ground *** the anthropogenic disturbances we examined,areas of large-scale land clearing combined with subsequent goat graz-ing most often supported *** and ***,while the shrubs were relatively rare in burned *** the plant functional type framework in combination with field data to evaluate predictions of species occur

关键词： anthropogenic disturbance black torch plant functional type vital attributes wild sage

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频繁着火的新热带松林上层林冠结构、实生苗成长特性与火之间的相互作用

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AMBIo－人类环境杂志 2008年第7期37卷 472-477页

作者： joseph j.o'brien j.Kevin Hiers Mac A.Callaham Robert j.Mitchell Steve B.jack 高孟绪美国林业局森林扰动科学中心约瑟夫.琼斯(joseph W.jones)生态研究中心美国乔治亚州雅典市的美国林业局森林扰动科学中心乔治亚州牛顿市的琼斯生态研究中心

加勒比海汇流区依赖于火的松林涵盖了广阔的区域,包括加勒比海和墨西哥湾的沿海平原,以及部分巴哈马群岛、古巴、伊斯帕尼奥拉岛(即海地岛)与洪都拉斯湾的一些岛屿。这些森林具有很高的保存价值,遗憾的是大部分仍未得到保护。此外,即使... 详细信息

加勒比海汇流区依赖于火的松林涵盖了广阔的区域,包括加勒比海和墨西哥湾的沿海平原,以及部分巴哈马群岛、古巴、伊斯帕尼奥拉岛(即海地岛)与洪都拉斯湾的一些岛屿。这些森林具有很高的保存价值,遗憾的是大部分仍未得到保护。此外,即使森林是依赖于火的,利用火进行森林管理也常常不被公众所理解,在一些国家还是法律所禁止的。在本文中,我们描述了这些生态系统中火灾与森林再生和森林持久性之间的根本联系。基于松树实生苗能否适应火灾而生存,我们确定了两个总体策略,并描述了这两个策略的管理意义。我们还提出了描述火、森林结构与再生间策略之间关系的概念模型。

关键词：实生苗林冠结构相互作用松林森林管理上层热带着火

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Taxonomic species recognition should be consistent

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 17-18页

作者： Stephen j.o'brien Shu-jin Luo Guy Harvey oceanographic Center Halmos College of Arts and Sciences Nova Southeastern University The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University

Criteria for species naming have been contentious since the time of Carl *** no clear'right or wrong'convention for species naming,biologists strive to simply convince their *** NSR compendium offers detailed guidance [1-6] that adds quantitative genomic inference to the *** taxonomic assemblages (***,fish,fungi,insects,terrestrial and marine invertebrates,plants,bacteria) are sufficiently distinctive that any generalization is fraught with natural exceptions.

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Applying molecular genetic tools to tiger conservation

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 351-362页

作者： Shu-jin LUo Warren E.joHNSoN Stephen j.o’brien School of Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijingChina Laboratory of Genomic Diversity National Cancer InstituteFrederickMDUSA

The utility of molecular genetic approaches in conservation of endangered taxa is now commonly *** the past decade,conservation genetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing and microsatellite genotyping have provided powerful tools to resolve taxonomy uncertainty of tiger subspecies,to define conservation units,to reconstruct phylogeography and demographic history,to examine the genetic ancestry of extinct subspecies,to assess population genetic status non-invasively,and to verify genetic background of captive tigers *** genetic status of tiger subspecies and populations and implications for developing strategies for the survival of this charismatic species both in situ and ex situ are discussed.

关键词： conservation genetics mitochondrial DNA microsatellite subspecies tiger

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oN THE GAUSSIAN KINEMATIC FoRMULA oF *** AND ***

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2025年第1期45卷 200-214页

作者： joseph H.G.Fu Department of Mathematics University of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA

We apply methods of algebraic integral geometry to prove a special case of the Gaussian kinematic formula of *** idea,suggested already by Adler and Taylor,is to view the GKF as the limit of spherical kinematic formul... 详细信息

关键词： integral geometry kinematic formula probability density Gaussian density

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Combining slow-release fertilizer and plastic film mulching reduced the carbon footprint and enhanced maize yield on the Loess Plateau

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 359-369页

作者： Xiaoqing Han Pengfei Dang Lechen Liao Fangqi Song Miaomiao Zhang Maoxue Zhang Guoqing Li Shuyue Wen Ning Yang Xiping Pan Xiaofan Wang WenWang Xiaoliang Qin Charles o.joseph Kadambot H.M.Siddique College of Agronomy Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess PlateauNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi 712100China Department of Crop Sciences and Beekeeping Technology College of Agricultural Sciences and Food Technology University of Dar es SalaamMwalimu Julius Nyerere Mlimani CampusP.O.Box 35091Dar es SalaamTanzania College of Life Science Yulin UniversityChongwen Road No.4YulinShaanxi719000China The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture&Environment The University of Western AustraliaPerth WA 6001Australia

Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize *** film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau *** slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop *** these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid ***,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SoCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research ***,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental *** results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SoCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.

关键词： Plastic film mulching Slow-release fertilizer Maize grain yield Carbon footprint Economic benefits

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Macular carotenoid supplementation improves disability glare performance and dynamics of photostress recovery

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 231-238页

作者： james M.Stringham Kevin j.o’brien Nicole T.Stringham Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Vision Sciences Laboratory Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program Biomedical Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Background:The so-called macular carotenoids(MC)lutein(L),zeaxanthin(Z),and meso-zeaxanthin(MZ)comprise the diet-derived macular pigment(MP).The purpose of this study was to determine effects of MC supplementation on the optical density of MP(MPoD),repeated-exposure photostress recovery(PSR),and disability glare(DG)***:This was a double-blind,placebo-controlled ***-nine young(mean age=21.7),healthy volunteers participated in this *** supplemented their daily diet with either 10 mg L+2 mg total Z(1 mg Z+1 mg MZ;n=24),20 mg L+4 mg total Z(2 mg Z+2 mg MZ;n=25),or placebo(n=10)for 12 *** primary outcome was a composite measure of visual performance in glare,defined by change in DG and *** outcomes included MPoD and visual *** primary endpoint for outcomes was 12 *** was assessed with customized heterochromatic flicker *** times for an 8 cycle/degree,15%contrast Gabor patch target were determined after each of five successive exposures to intense LED *** threshold was defined as the intensity of a ring of lights through which subjects were able to maintain visibility of the aforementioned *** of all parameters were conducted at baseline,6 months,and 12 ***-measures ANoVA,and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant correlations,and changes within and between ***:MPoD for subjects in both supplementation groups increased significantly versus placebo at both 6-and 12-month visits(por all).Additionally,PSR times and DG thresholds improved significantly from baseline compared to placebo at 6-and 12-month visits(por all).At baseline,MPoD was significantly related to both DG thresholds(r=0.444;p=0.0021)and PSR times(r=-0.56;pon of MPoD,the repeated-exposure PSR curves became more asymptotic,as opposed to *** change in subjects’DG thresholds were significantly related to chang

关键词： Lutein Zeaxanthin Mesozeaxanthin Visual performance Photostress recovery Disability glare Macular pigment Visual cycle

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Practical considerations of dietary therapies for epilepsy in adults

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Acta Epileptologica 2021年第1期3卷 101-107页

作者： Neha Kaul john-Paul Nicolo Terence j.o’brien Patrick Kwan Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Alfred Hospital55 Commercial RoadMelbourneVIC 3004Australia Department of Allied Health(Clinical Nutrition) Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleAustralia Departments of Neurosciences and Neurology Alfred Hospital and Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia Departments of Medicine and Neurology Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina

Despite the increasing number of anti-seizure medications becoming available,the proportion of patients with drug-resistant epilepsy remains *** therapy for epilepsy is well-established practice in paediatric care,but relatively underutilised in ***,international recommendations have been published to guide the treatment of adults receiving dietary therapy for *** review focuses on the specific aspects of care unique to the management of adults receiving dietary therapy for epilepsy,including patient selection,diet composition,initiation,monitoring and cessation of dietary *** emphasise the need for a multidisciplinary team approach with appropriately trained neurologists and dietitians to provide holistic care while the patients are receiving dietary *** research should focus on the optimal diet composition and meeting the psychosocial needs of adults with epilepsy to maximise efficacy and adherence to dietary treatment.

关键词： Ketogenic diet Epilepsy Diet Drug-resistant epilepsy Nutrition

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The role of soluble sugars during drought in tropical tree seedlings with contrasting tolerances

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journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 389-397页

作者： Michael j.o’brien Annabelle Valtat Samuel Abiven Mirjam S.Studer Robert ong Bernhard Schmid Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Rey Juan Carlosc/Tulipán s/n.E-28933 MóstolesMadridSpain Southeast Asia Rainforest Research Partnership The Peak VistaLorang Punjak 1Tanjung LipatKota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Laboratoire de Géologie UMR 8538Ecole Normale SupérieurePSL Research UniversityCNRSParisFrance Centre de recherche enécologie expérimentale et prédictive(CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance) Département de biologieEcole normale supérieureCNRSPSL University77140St-Pierre-les-NemoursFrance Forest Research Centre Sepilok90715 SandakanSabahMalaysia

Aims Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are plant storage compounds used for metabolism,transport,osmoregulation and regrowth following the loss of plant *** in conditions suitable for optimal growth,plants continue to store *** storage may be due to passive accumulation from sink-inhibited growth or active reserves that come at the expense of *** former pathway implies that NSCs may be a by-product of sink limitation,while the latter suggests a functional role of NSCs for use during poor *** Using 13C pulse labelling,we traced the source of soluble sugars in stem and root organs during drought and everwet conditions for seedlings of two tropical tree species that differ in drought tolerance to estimate the relative allocation of NSCs stored prior to drought versus NSCs assimilated during *** monitored growth,stomatal conductance,stem water potential and NSC storage to assess a broad carbon response to *** Findings We found that the drought-sensitive species had reduced growth,conserved NSC concentrations in leaf,stem and root organs and had a larger proportion of soluble sugars in stem and root organs that originated from pre-drought storage relative to seedlings in control *** contrast,the drought-tolerant species maintained growth and stem and root NSC concentrations but had reduced leaf NSCs concentrations with a larger proportion of stem and root soluble sugars originated from freshly assimilated photosynthates relative to control *** results suggest the drought-sensitive species passively accumulated NSCs during water deficit due to growth inhibition,while the drought-tolerant species actively responded to water deficit by allocating NSCs to stem and root *** strategies seem correlated with baseline maximum growth rates,which supports previous research suggesting a trade-off between growth and drought tolerance while providing new evidence for the importance of plasticity in

关键词： ^(13)C labelling carbohydrate storage drought tolerance hydraulic function Shorea parvifolia Shorea beccariana source–sink allocation

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Neurological heterotopic ossification:novel mechanisms,prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic therapies

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Bone Research 2020年第4期8卷 379-392页

作者： Ker Rui Wong Richelle Mychasiuk Terence j.o’brien Sandy R.Shultz Stuart j.McDonald Rhys D.Brady Department of Neuroscience Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Medicine Royal Melbourne HospitalThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia Department of Physiology Anatomy and MicrobiologySchool of Life SciencesLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia

Neurological heterotopic ossification(NHo)is a debilitating condition where bone forms in soft tissue,such as muscle surrounding the hip and knee,following an injury to the brain or spinal *** abnormal formation of bone can result in nerve impingement,pain,contractures and impaired *** are often diagnosed with NHo after the bone tissue has completely mineralised,leaving invasive surgical resection the only remaining treatment *** resection of NHo creates potential for added complications,particularly in patients with concomitant injury to the central nervous system(CNS).Although recent work has begun to shed light on the physiological mechanisms involved in NHo,there remains a significant knowledge gap related to the prognostic biomarkers and prophylactic treatments which are necessary to prevent NHo and optimise patient *** article reviews the current understanding pertaining to NHo epidemiology,pathobiology,biomarkers and treatment *** particular,we focus on how concomitant CNS injury may drive ectopic bone formation and discuss considerations for treating polytrauma patients with *** conclude that understanding of the pathogenesis of NHo is rapidly advancing,and as such,there is the strong potential for future research to unearth methods capable of identifying patients likely to develop NHo,and targeted treatments to prevent its manifestation.

关键词： such has likely

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