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Aggregate 2023年第5期4卷 1-11页

作者： Norhayati Abu Bakar Nur Nazhifah Yusoff Farah Shahadah Nor Azmi joseph george shapter Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of QueenslandSt LuciaAustralia Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangiMalaysia

Monitoring an infectious disease early using highly sensitive and non-invasive techniques is critical for human ***,the development of surfaceenhanced Raman scattering(SERS)for biological detection ideally fits these medical requirements and is rapidly growing as a powerful diagnostic *** can enhance the Raman signal of the target molecule by more than 106 after the adsorption of the molecule on the plasmonic nanostructured *** review provides an overview of the use of gold and silver nanoparticles in SERS substrate designs,followed by the development of these SERS substrates in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)detection.

关键词： gold nanostars SARS-CoV-2 SERS silver nanostars

Changes in Streamflow Regime Due to Anthropogenic Regulations in the Humid Tropical Western Ghats, Kerala State, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第2期12卷 456-470页

作者： ABE george ERINJERY joseph James Centre for Water Resources Development and Management Sub centre Water Institute Karunya University

Regulation of streamflow by a reservoir creates a flow regime much different from the preimpoundment period flow regime. Hydro-Electric Projects(HEPs) commissioned in the Western Ghat regions of the Kerala State, India during the last four decades caused considerable changes in the flow regimes of the rivers of the Kerala State in southwest India. In this paper, the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration(IHA) approach proposed by Richter et al.(1996) is used to analyze flow regime changes in the Periyar and Muvattupuzha Rivers, due to the construction of the Idukki(1976), Idamalayar(1987) and Lower Periyar(1997) HEPs in the high ranges of the Western Ghats. Normal rainfall years(annual rainfall values within mean ± 0.75 standard deviation limits) are only considered in the analysis to focus on hydrologic alterations due to human activities. The mean hydrologic alteration in the Periyar River(deviation from the pre-development hydrologic indicator values) after commissioning of three HEPs is 35%. Inter-basin water transfer after power generation from the Idukki HEP resulted in a higher discharge in the adjacent Muvattupuzha River, leading to considerable changes in the hydroenvironment(mean hydrologic alterations varying between 57 to 63%). IHA parameters showing hydrologic alterations above the 67 th Percentile werefurther analyzed. For each of the pre-construction hydrologic parameters ± 1 standard deviation from the mean is set as the upper and lower management target limits. The values of each IHA parameter beyond these targets are considered as nonattainment. Considerable hydrologic alterations are observed, especially for low flows in both basins. Inter-basin transfer induced larger changes in flow parameters compared to intra-basin regulations. The study shows that under a proper water release and diversion scheme, the non-attainment of IHA parameters(values fall beyond the target limits) can be reduced. The findings of the study will be greatly beneficial to reg

关键词： Range variability approach Hydroelectric projects Humid tropics Flow regime changes Inter-basin regulation Intra-basin regulation

Risk factors of thrombosis in abdominal veins

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第28期14卷 4518-4522页

作者： Amit Kumar Dutta Ashok Chacko Biju george joseph Anjilivelil joseph Sukesh Chandran Nair Vikram Mathews Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College & HospitalVellore 632 004India Department of Clinical Pathology Christian Medical College & HospitalVellore 632 004India Department of Hematology Christian Medical College & HospitalVellore 632 004India

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of inherited and acquired thrombophilic risk factors in patients with abdominal venous thrombosis and to compare the risk factor profiles between Budd-Chiari syndromes (BCS) and splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT). METHODS: In this retrospective study, 36 patients with abdominal venous thrombosis were studied. The patients were divided into Budd-Chiari group (hepatic vein, IVC thrombosis) and splanchnic venous thrombosis group (portal, splenic, superior mesenteric veins) based on the veins involved. Hereditary and acquired thrombophilic risk factors were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS: Twenty patients had SVT, 14 had BCS, and 2 had mixed venous thrombosis. Ten patients (28%) had hereditary and 10 patients (28%) acquired thrombophilic risk factors. The acquired risk factors were significantly more common in the SVT group (SVT vs BCS: 45% vs 7%, χ2 = 5.7, P = 0.02) while hereditary risk factors did not show significant differences between the two groups (SVT vs BCS: 25% vs 36%, χ2 = 0.46, P = 0.7). Multiple risk factors were present in one (7%) patient with BCS and in 3 patients (15%) with SVT. No risk factors were identified in 57% of patients with BCS and in 45% of patients with SVT. CONCLUSION: Hereditary and acquired risk factors play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of abdominal venous thrombosis. Acquired risk factorsare significantly more common in SVT patients while hereditary factors are similar in both groups.

关键词： Budd Chiari syndrome Splanchnic vein thrombosis Risk factors Hereditary Risk comparison

The cold pool of the Bay of Bengal and its association with the break phase of the Indian summer monsoon

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2017年第3期10卷 214-220页

作者： Mary Swapna george Porathur Vareed joseph Kochuparampil Ajith joseph Laurent BERTINO Ola Mathias JOHANNESSEN Nansen Environmental Research Centre(India) KochiIndia Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center BergenNorway Nansen Scientific Society BergenNorway

During the summer monsoon season, strong coastal upwelling occurs along the southwest coast of India and at the southern tip of India, which cools the surface temperature of the waters around these regions. The summer monsoon current carries the upwelled cold waters into the Bay of Bengal and forms the ‘cold pool of the Bay of Bengal', with its core south of Sri Lanka and over the southcentral Bay of Bengal. The present study focuses on the intrusion of these cold waters into the south of the Bay of Bengal, its interannual variability, and its association with the surface wind during the break phase of the summer monsoon, when strong westerly surface winds flow south of 10°*** authors hypothesize that the enhanced cooling in the cold pool region during monsoon spells is associated with the strong westerly wind stress there during the break spells of the *** cases of long break monsoon spells that occurred during the nine years from 2001 to 2009 are analyzed, and the results confirm our hypothesis.

关键词： Cold pool Indian Ocean Bay of Bengal Indian summer monsoon break monsoon

Methylene blue enhances polyethylene glycol-fusion repair of completely severed rat sciatic nerves

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第10期16卷 2056-2063页

作者： Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Jaimie T.Shores joseph Alderete Erik K.Weitzel george D.Bittner Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Surgery RESTOR LaboratorySan AntonioTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Complete transection of peripheral mixed nerves immediately produces loss of sensory perception,muscle contractions and voluntary behavior mediated by the severed distal *** contrast to natural regeneration(~1 mm/d)of proximal axons that may eventually reinnervate denervated targets,re-innervation is restored within minutes by PEG-fusion that consists of neurorrhaphy and a sequence of well specified hypo-and isotonic calcium-free or calcium-containing solutions,the anti-oxidant methylene blue(MB)and the membrane fusogen polyethylene glycol(PEG).In this study,we examined the relative efficacy of PEG-fusion with no MB(0%),0.5%MB,or 1%MB on the recovery of voluntary behaviors by female Sprague-Dawley rats with a complete mid-thigh severance of their sciatic nerve bathed in extracellular fluid or calcium-containing isotonic *** recovery of voluntary behaviors is the most relevant measure of success of any technique to repair peripheral nerve *** assessed recovery by the sciatic functional index,a commonly used measure of voluntary hindlimb behaviors following complete sciatic *** reported that both 1%MB and 0.5%MB in sterile distilled water in our PEG-fusion protocol with neurorrhaphy significantly increased the rate and extent of behavioral recovery compared to PEG plus neurorrhaphy ***,0.5%MB was as effective as 1%MB in voluntary behavioral recovery as assessed by the sciatic functional *** sterile 1%MB is no longer clinically available,we therefore recommend that 0.5%MB be included in upcoming human clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of *** animal procedures were approved by the University of Texas Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(AUP-2019-00225)on September 9,2020.

关键词： axotomy methylene blue nerve repair neurorrhaphy peripheral nerve injury polyethylene glycol fusion sciatic nerve

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms:A clinical snapshot

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第3期13卷 231-255页

作者： Cornelius J Fernandez Mayuri Agarwal Biju Pottakkat Nisha Nigil Haroon Annu Susan george joseph MPappachan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)Puducherry 605006India Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Northern Ontario School of MedicineSudbury P3E 2C6OntarioCanada Department of Medical Oncology VPS Lakeshore HospitalCochin 682040KeralaIndia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPR29HTPrestonThe University of ManchesterOxford Road M139PLManchester Metropolitan UniversityAll Saints Building M156BHManchesterUnited Kingdom.

Our understanding about the epidemiological aspects,pathogenesis,molecular diagnosis,and targeted therapies of neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)have drastically advanced in the past ***(GEP)NENs originate from the enteroendocrine cells of the embryonic gut which share common endocrine and neural differentiation *** NENs are welldifferentiated,and slow *** neuroendocrine biomarkers that are used in the diagnosis of functional NENs include insulin,glucagon,vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,gastrin,somatostatin,adrenocorticotropin,growth hormone releasing hormone,parathyroid hormone-related peptide,serotonin,histamine,and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid(5-HIAA).Biomarkers such as pancreatic polypeptide,human chorionic gonadotrophin subunits,neurotensin,ghrelin,and calcitonin are used in the diagnosis of non-functional NENs.5-HIAA levels correlate with tumour burden,prognosis and development of carcinoid heart disease and mesenteric fibrosis,however several diseases,medications and edible products can falsely elevate the 5-HIAA ***-specific transcription factors are useful in the differential diagnosis of metastasis from an unknown primary of well-differentiated *** novel biomarkers include circulating tumour cells,circulating tumour DNA,circulating micro-RNAs,and neuroendocrine neoplasms test(NETest)(simultaneous measurement of 51 neuroendocrine-specific marker genes in the peripheral blood).NETest has high sensitivity(85%-98%)and specificity(93%-97%)for the detection of gastrointestinal NENs,and is useful for monitoring treatment response,recurrence,and *** terms of management,surgery,radiofrequency ablation,symptom control with medications,chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapies are all considered as *** is the mainstay of treatment,but depends on factors including age of the individual,location,stage,grade,functional status,and the heredity of the tumour(sporadic vs inherited).Me

关键词： Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms Neuroendocrine tumours Neuroendocrine carcinoma Targeted molecular therapy Octreoscan Chemotherapy

Hexaacetyl-chitohexaose,a chitin-derived oligosaccharide,transiently activates citrus defenses and alters the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 812-821页

作者： Qingchun Shi Justin george joseph Krystel Shujian Zhang Stephen L.Lapointe Lukasz L.Stelinski Ed Stover US Horticultural Research Laboratory USDA/ARSFort PierceFL 34945USA Citrus Research and Education Center University of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA

Plants have a perception system triggered by pathogen and pest signals to initiate *** signals include evolutionarily conserved molecules from microbes and insects termed pathogen/herbivore-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs/HAMPs).Here we showed that hexaacetyl-chitohexaose(HC),an oligosaccharide from chitin,a structural component in insect exoskeletons and fungi cell walls,upregulated defense-associated genes WRKY22,GST1,RAR1,EDS1,PAL1 and NPR2,and downregulated ICS1 at 1 h after HC treatment in Sun Chu Sha mandarin *** effect was transient as defense gene transcriptional changes were not observed at 18 h after the *** penetration graph(EPG)recordings were used to study the feeding behavior of Asian citrus psyllid(ACP)following the HC *** is the hemipteran vector of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas),the pathogen associated with huanglongbing(HLB).Adult ACP displayed reduced intercellular probing,reduced xylem feeding count and duration,and increased non-probing activity on HC-treated citrus compared to *** an 18-h recording,percentage for total duration of xylem ingestion,phloem ingestion,intercellular probing were lower,and the percentage of nonprobing behavior was higher in HC-treated leaves than in *** host-selection behavior studies,HC treatment did not alter the attractiveness of citrus leaves under light or dark *** addition,ACP feeding on HC-treated leaves did not show differences in mortality for up to 10 day of *** summary,we report that HC induced a transient defense in citrus and an inhibitory effect on ACP feeding but did not affect host selection or the insect fitness under the tested conditions.

关键词： citrus behavior transient

Entropy generation in bypass transitional boundary layer flows

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 669-680页

作者： george joseph OWEN Landon D. XING Tao MCELIGOT Donald M. CREPEAU John C. BUDWIG Ralph S. NOLAN Kevin P. Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83843USA University of Idaho Idaho FallsIdaho 83402USA University of Idaho BoiseIdaho 83702USA Imperial College London London SW7-28ZUK

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） turbulence models to predict entropy generation rates in bypass transitional boundary layers flows under zero and adverse pressure gradients. Entropy generation rates in such flows are evaluated employing the commercial CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT. Various turbulence and transitional models are assessed by comparing their results with the direct numerical simulation （DNS） data and two recent CFD studies. A solution verification study is conducted on three systematically refined meshes. The factor of safety method is used to estimate the numerical error and grid uncertainties. Monotonic convergence is achieved for all simulations. The Reynolds number based on momentum thickness, Reo, skin-friction coefficient, Cf, approximate entropy generation rates, S, dissipation coefficient, Cd , and the intermittency, y, are calculated for bypass transition simulations. All Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） turbulence and transitional models show improvement over previous CFD results in predicting onset of transition. The transition SST k - ω 4 equation model shows closest agreement with DNS data for all flow conditions in this study due to a much finer grid and more accurate inlet boundary conditions. The other RANS models predict an early onset of transition and higher boundary layer entropy generation rates than the DNS shows.

关键词： entropy generation bypass transition Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) transitional boundary layer turbulence models

Ecology and Diversity of Cyanobacteria in <i>Kuttanadu</i>Paddy Wetlands, Kerala, India

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第18期6卷 2924-2938页

作者： Dhanya Vijayan joseph george Ray Environment Science Research Lab St Berchmans College Changanacherry India School of Biosciences Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam India

Algae are one of the major groups of soil microflora in agricultural lands. Among algae, the bluegreens are considered to be very valuable in agriculture. The role of them in soil fertility enhancement has been extensively studied worldwide. Sustainable utilization of an organism for any human purpose depends on how successfully the ecology of the same is thoroughly understood. Kuttanadu is a unique tropical paddy-wetland. Ecology of blue-green-algae and the exact diversity of the same in the zone remained unexplored. This is the first report of the blue-green-algal community of Kuttanadu in relation to different soil-regions, seasons, and crop-growth-stages. A rich blue-green-algal diversity of 64 species, with Oscillatoriales as the dominants (38%), is observed in these paddy-fields. The highest values for all the ecological parameters analyzed were found in the Lower Kuttanadu soil region, during Virippu season, at panicle stage of the crop whereas the lowest values for most of the parameters were observed in Upper Kuttanadu soils during puncha season at the seedling and panicle stages. The species richness and diversity index showed positive correlation to crop seasons. Apart from the specific soil and climatic factors, the total number of blue green algal isolates showed positive correlation to total nitrogen and phosphorus in the soils.

关键词： Blue Green-Algae Paddy-Wetland Seasons Soil-Regions Growth-Stages

Role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in troponinemia syndromes

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第4期14卷 190-205页

作者： Nhung Nguyen Nguyen joseph george Assad Giuseppe Femia Andreas Schuster James Otton Tuan Le Nguyen Department of Cardiology Liverpool HospitalLiverpool 2170NSWAustralia Department of Cardiology Campbelltown HospitalCampbelltown 2560NSWAustralia Department of Cardiology and Pneumology University Medical CenterGöttingen 37075Germany

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is an evolving technology,proving to be a highly accurate tool for quantitative *** recently,it has been increasingly used in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of conditions involving an elevation in troponin or *** an elevation in troponin is a nonspecific marker of myocardial tissue damage,it is a frequently ordered investigation leaving many patients without a specific ***,the advent of newer cardiac MRI protocols can provide additional *** this review,we discuss several conditions associated with an elevation in troponin such as myocardial infarction,myocarditis,Takotsubo cardiomyopathy,coronavirus disease 2019 related cardiac dysfunction and athlete’s heart syndrome.

关键词： Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging Troponin Myocardial infarction Myocarditis Takotsubo cardiomyopathy COVID-19 Athlete’s heart