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Building Failure Causes in Nigeria and Mitigating Roles by Engineering Regulation and Monitoring

Engineering（科研） 2013年第2期5卷 184-190页

作者： joseph apagu tanko Felix Aromo Ilesanmi Sunday Kilkabu Balla 不详

This paper assessed some of the reported cases of building failures and their possible causes in Nigeria between 1977 and 2011. The reported major failure causes are structural failure (SF), Carelessness (CLSS), poor workmanship (PW), poor supervision (PS), poor materials (PM), and quackery (Q).These causes of failure were subjected to Chi-Square statistical test at 5% significant level and 4 degree of freedom to know the most common cause of failure in Nigeria. The analysis showed quackery as the principal culprit in the reported building failures in Nigeria with prevalence of 8 over poor supervision being the minimum in occurrence. Structural failure occurred 5 times, while poor materials, carelessness and poor workmanship occurred 4, 2 and 2 respectively. The Council for the Regulation of Engineering in Nigeria (COREN) with Engineering Regulation and Monitoring (ERM) as her arm as a technical professional group discouraging quackery and failures generally in Engineering Practice. The holistic approach needs effective training of Engineers starting with strong mathematical and scientific background at the secondary and tertiary education levels in conjunction with rigorous field and Industrial training exercises. There after effective scrutiny, professional registration process of competent engineers is followed.

关键词： Building Failures Mitigation Roles Registration Practice Regulation of Engineering

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Antihyperglycaemic activity of ethylacetate extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium in type 2 diabetes:The involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γand dipeptidyl peptidase-4

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第1期19卷 78-84页

作者： Abdulhakim Abubakar Abdullahi Balarabe Nazifi Idris Mohammed Maje Yusuf tanko joseph Akpojo Anuka Ezzeldin Mukthar Abdurahman Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria PMB-1044Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsBayero UniversityKano PMB-3011Nigeria Department of Human PhysiologyAhmadu Bello UniversityZaria PMB-1044Nigeria Department of Pharmacognosy and Drug DevelopmentAhmadu Bello UniversityZaria PMB-1044Nigeria

Objective:This research is to investigate the antihyperglycaemic activity and the underlying mechanisms of action of the ethylacetate extract of Chlorophytum alismifolium(EACA)tubers in a type 2 diabetes ***:The tubers were processed and sequentially extracted in hexane followed by ethylacetate,using a Soxhlet apparatus,and subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC–MS).The acute toxicity of EACA was investigated in albino Wistar *** antihyperglycaemic study was carried out using high-fat diet(pelletized diet and margarine in the ratio of 10:1 and 20%fructose solution)and streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemic Wistar *** effects of the extract(150,300 and 600 mg/kg)on blood glucose level,insulin,peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c(PPAR-c)and dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4)were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent ***:The oral median lethal dose in Wistar rats was estimated to be>5000 mg/*** with EACA at all doses significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose levels,compared to the hyperglycaemic control,and over *** of EACA increased the serum insulin and PPAR-c levels while decreasing DPP-4 ***–MS analysis revealed the presence of 13 compounds,with isothiazole and isoxazolidine covering total area of 24.6%and 22.69%,***:The findings from this study showed that EACA has important compounds with beneficial effect in type 2 diabetes and acts by increasing insulin secretion and PPAR-c level and decreasing DPP-4 activity.

关键词： Chlorophytum alismifolium Diabetes mellitus Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Insulin Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-c Dipeptidyl-peptidase 4

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