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Variability and trends of near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan Plateau:The role played by the westerly and Asian monsoon

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 525-536页

作者： Gang-Feng ZHANG Cesar AZORIN-MOlINA Deliang CHEN Tim RMCVICAR jose AGUIJARRO Kai-Qiang DENG lorenzo MINOlA Jaeyeon lEE Seok-Woo SON Heng MA Pei-Jun SHI State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control of Ministry of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Centro de Investigaciones Sobre Desertificaci'on Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı'ficas(CIDECSIC-UV-Generalitat alenciana)ClimateAtmosphere and Ocean Laboratory(Climatoc-Lab)Moncada 46113Spain Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden CSIRO Environment CanberraACT 2600Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes CanberraACT 2600Australia State Meteorological Agency Balearic Islands OfficePalma de Mallorca 07015Spain School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning(DIST) Politecnico and University of TurinTurin 10125Italy School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544USA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics laboratory NOAAPrinceton NJ 08544USA

Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental issues,while the long-term(≥60 years)trend and multidecadal variability in the wind speed and its underlying causes in global high-elevation and mountainous areas(e.g.,Tibetan Plateau)remain largely ***,by examining homogenized wind speed data from 104 meteorological stations over the Tibetan Plateau for 1961-2020 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets,we investigated the variability and long-term trend in the near-surface wind speed and revealed the role played by the westerly and Asian *** results show that the homogenized annual wind speed displays a decreasing trend(-0.091 m s^(−1)per decade,pltidecadal variability of wind speed,which manifested in an prominent increase in 1961-1970,a sustained decrease in 1970-2002,and a consistent increase in *** observed decadal variations are likely linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation,and the correlation analysis unveiled a more important role of westerly and East Asian winter monsoon in modulating near-surface wind changes over the Tibetan *** potential physical processes associated with westerly and Asian monsoon changes are in concordance with wind speed change,in terms of overall weakened horizontal air flow(i.e.,geostrophic wind speed),declined vertical thermal and dynamic momentum transfer(i.e.,atmospheric stratification thermal instability and vertical wind shear),and varied Tibetan Plateau *** indicates that to varying degrees these processes may have contributed to the changes in near-surface wind speed over the Tibetan *** study has implications for wind power production and soil wind erosion prevention in the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Wind speed Decadal change Atmospheric circulation Physical processes

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High-repetition-rate source of nanosecond duration kA-current pulses driven by relativistic laser pulses

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High Power laser Science and Engineering 2024年第3期12卷 106-115页

作者： Michael Ehret Jakub Cikhardt Philip Wykeham Bradford Iuliana-Mariana Vladisavlevici Tomas Burian Diego de luis jose luis Henares Rubén Hernández Martín Jon Imanol Apiñaniz Roberto lera JoséAntonio Pérez-Hernández João Jorge Santos Giancarlo Gatti Centro de láseres Pulsados(ClPU) VillamayorSpain Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical EngineeringPragueCzech Republic Univ.Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA)UMR 5107TalenceFrance Department of Radiation and Chemical Physics FZU-Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic

We report the first high-repetition-rate generation and simultaneous characterization of nanosecond-scale return currents of kA-magnitude issued by the polarization of a target irradiated with a PW-class high-repetition-rate titanium:sapphire laser system at relativistic *** present experimental results obtained with the VEGA-3 laser at intensities from5×10^(18)to 1.3×10^(20)W cm^(-2).A non-invasive inductive return-current monitor is adopted to measure the derivative of return currents of the order of kA ns-1and analysis methodology is developed to derive return *** compare the current for copper,aluminium and Kapton targets at different laser *** data show the stable production of current peaks and clear prospects for the tailoring of the pulse shape,which is promising for future applications in highenergy-density science,for example,electromagnetic interference stress tests,high-voltage pulse response measurements and charged particle beam *** compare the target discharge of the order of hundreds of nC with theoretical predictions and a good agreement is found.

关键词： current pulses electromagnetic pulse application high-power laser relativistic laser plasma

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Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance:Current understanding and future perspectives

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 699-724页

作者： Antonio Molina lucıa Jorda Miguel Angel Torres Marina Martın-Dacal Diego jose Berlanga Patricia Fernandez-Calvo Elena Gomez-Rubio Sonsoles Martın-Santamarıa Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcon(Madrid)Spain Departamento de Biotecnologıa-Biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenierıa AgronomicaAlimentarıa y de BiosistemasUPMMadridSpain Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Ramiro de Maeztu 928040 MadridSpain Misión Biológica de Galicia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain

Beyond their function as structural barriers,plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental *** walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental *** wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress *** cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection,wounding,or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules,such as carbohydrates(glycans),that function as damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs).DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains(ECDs)of pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)to activate pattern-triggered immunity(PTI)and disease ***,glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI *** number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent ***,the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain ***,this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the lysM-PRR family,which are involved in the perception of various molecules,such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides(i.e.,Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza,respectively)that trigger differential physiological ***,additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide *** include receptor kinases(RKs)with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs(lRR-MAl RKs),Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-lIKE KINASE 1-lIKE group(CrRlK1l)with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs,as well as wall-associated kinases,lectin-RKs,and *** characterization of structural basis of glycans recogniti

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell wall damage-associated molecular patterns DAMPs disease resistance glycans oligosaccharides pattern-triggered immunity PTl pattern recognition receptor PRRs

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Dissecting Maize Productivity:Ideotypes Associated with Grain Yield under Drought Stress and Well-watered Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第12期54卷 1007-1020页

作者： Jill E.Cairns Ciro sanchez Mateo Vargas Raziel Ordoez jose luis Araus Global Maize Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Mexico D.F.Mexico Bioinformatics and Statistics Unit International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT)Mexico D.F.Mexico Unit of Plant Physiology Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain

To increase maize （Zea mays l.） yields in drought-prone environments and offset predicted maize yield losses under future climates, the development of improved breeding pipelines using a multi-disciplinary approach is essential. Elucidating key growth processes will provide opportunities to improve drought breeding progress through the identification of key phenotypic traits, ideotypes, and donors. In this study, we tested a large set of tropical and subtropical maize inbreds and single cross hybrids under reproductive stage drought stress and well-watered conditions. Patterns of biomass production, senescence, and plant water status were measured throughout the crop cycle. Under drought stress, early biomass production prior to anthesis was important for inbred yield, while delayed senescence was important for hybrid yield. Under well-watered conditions, the ability to maintain a high biomass throughout the growing cycle was crucial for inbred yield, while a stay-green pattern was important for hybrid yield. While new quantitative phenotyping tools such as spectral reflectance （Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI） allowed for the characterization of growth and senescence patterns as well as yield, qualitative measurements of canopy senescence were also found to be associated with grain yield.

关键词： Climate change drought stress ideotypes maize senescence spectral reflectance.

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Rothe’s Fixed Point Theorem and the Controllability of the Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Equation with Impulses and Delay

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Applied Mathematics 2016年第15期7卷 1748-1764页

作者： Hugo leiva jose l. sanchez Department of Mathematics Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Departamento de Matemática Universidad de Los Andes Caracas Venezuela

For many control systems in real life, impulses and delays are intrinsic phenomena that do not modify their controllability. So we conjecture that under certain conditions the abrupt changes and delays as perturbations of a system do not destroy its controllability. There are many practical examples of impulsive control systems with delays, such as a chemical reactor system, a financial system with two state variables, the amount of money in a market and the savings rate of a central bank, and the growth of a population diffusing throughout its habitat modeled by a reaction-diffusion equation. In this paper we apply the Rothe’s Fixed Point Theorem to prove the interior approximate controllability of the following Benjamin Bona-Mohany(BBM) type equation with impulses and delay where and are constants, Ω is a domain in , ω is an open non-empty subset of Ω , denotes the characteristic function of the set ω , the distributed control , are continuous functions and the nonlinear functions are smooth enough functions satisfying some additional conditions.

关键词： Interior Approximate Controllability Benjamin Bona-Mohany Equation with Impulses and Delay Strongly Continuous Semigroup Rothe’s Fixed Point Theorem

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Recent Advances on Early-Stage Fire-Warning Systems: Mechanism, Performance, and Perspective

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Nano-Micro letters 2022年第12期14卷 106-136页

作者： Xiaolu li Antonio Vazquez-lopez jose sanchez del Rio Saez De-Yi Wang IMDEA Materials Institute C/Eric Kandel228906 GetafeMadridSpain E.T.S.de Ingenieros de Caminos Universidad Politecnica de MadridCalle Profesor Aranguren 328040 MadridSpain Departamento de Ingenieria Electrica Electronica Automatica y Fisica AplicadaETSIDIUniversidad Politecnica de MadridRonda de Valencia 328012 MadridSpain

Early-stage fire-warning systems(EFWSs)have attracted significant attention owing to their superiority in detecting fire situations occurring in the pre-combustion *** progress on EFWSs has been achieved recently,and they have presented a considerable possibility for more evacuation time to control constant unintentional fire hazards in our daily *** review mainly makes a comprehensive summary of the current EFWSs,including the working mechanisms and their *** to the different working mechanisms,fire alarms can be classified into graphene oxide-based fire alarms,semiconductor-based fire alarms,thermoelectric-based fire alarms,and fire alarms on other working ***,the challenge and prospect for EFWSs are briefly provided by comparing the art of state of fire *** work can propose a more comprehensive understanding of EFWSs and a guideline for the cutting-edge development direction of EFWSs for readers.

关键词： Smart thermosensitive fire sensors Working mechanism Response time Signal conversion

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Decay of a Mass-less Field Far from Horizon of a Black Hole

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2011年第3期55卷 445-448页

作者： jose l. Martinez-Moralest Institute of Mathematics National Autonomous University of Mexico A.P. 273 Admin. De Correos #3 CuernavacaMO 62251 Mexico

Far from the horizon of a black hole of even space dimension n, a mass-less field decays as t1-2t-n in the time, where 1 is a harmonic mode of the sphere.

关键词： black hole horizon even space dimension mass-less field

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Weighted variation inequalities for differential operators and singular integrals in higher dimensions

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Science China Mathematics 2017年第8期60卷 1419-1442页

作者： MA Tao TORREA jose l. XU QuanHua School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan University Departamento de Matemticas Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics Harbin Institute of Technology laboratoire de Mathematiques Universite de Franche-Comte Institut Universitaire de France

We prove weighted q-variation inequalities with 2lar integral operators in higher *** vector-valued extensions of these inequalities are also *** results are proven for differential ... 详细信息

We prove weighted q-variation inequalities with 2lar integral operators in higher *** vector-valued extensions of these inequalities are also *** results are proven for differential operators.

关键词： variation inequalities A_(p) weights differential operators singular integrals vector-valued variationin equalities

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Social correlates of sedentary behavior in young people:The UP&DOWN study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第2期9卷 189-196页

作者： Veronica Cabanas-sanchez laura Garcia-Cervantes laura Esteban-Gonzalo Maria jose Girela-Rejon jose Castro-Pinero Oscar l.Veiga Department of Physical Education Sport and Human MovementAutonomous University of MadridMadrid 28049Spain Research Centre in Physical Activity Health and Leisure(CIAFEL)Faculty of SportUniversity of PortoPorto 4200-450Portugal Nursing Department Faculty of Biomedical and Health SciencesUniversidad Europea de MadridVillaviciosa de OdonMadrid 28670Spain Department of Didactic of Corporal Expression Faculty of Education SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranada 18010Spain Department of Physical Education School of EducationUniversity of CadizPuerto RealCadiz 11519Spain

Purpose:The aim of the present study was to analyze the associations of youths' sedentary behavior(SB) with parents' and siblings' SB and physical activity(PA),as well as the associations of youths' coparticipation with parents,siblings,and friends in PA and SB with youths' ***:The sample consisted of 1543 youths(12.02±2.51 years;788 boys) enrolled in the baseline cohort of the UP&DOWN *** was assessed by accelerometry and *** reported the time spent by their parents and siblings watching television,playing videogames,surfing the Internet,sitting/resting,and doing ***,participants reported coparticipation with parents,siblings,and friends in these *** mixed models,including school and city as random effects,were ***:Parents' television time was positively associated with youths' screen-based *** with friends in playing videogames(in boys) and in surfing the Internet(in girls) showed a positive association with screen-based SB and a negative association with educational-based ***,coparticipation with siblings and friends in PA was inversely associated with accelerometer-based SB in boys and ***:Our results emphasize the important role of social modeling in the development of sedentary lifestyles in *** aimed at reducing health risk behaviors in youths could be more effective if they are oriented from a social perspective that involves their families and networks of their closest friends.

关键词： Friends Parents Sedentary behavior Siblings Social environment

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Expression of juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase and juvenile hormone synthesis in Blattella germanica

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 787-796页

作者： Claudia V. Dominguez jose l. Maestro Institute of Evolutionary Biology CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain

Juvenile hormone （JH）, a sesquiterpenoid synthetized by the insect corpora allata （CA）, plays critical roles in metamorphosis and reproduction. Penultimate or last step of JH synthesis is catalyzed by juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase （JHAMT）. Here we report the cloning and expression analysis of the JHAMT orthologue in the cockroach, Blattella germanica （l.）（BgJHAMT）. BgJHAMT is mainly expressed in CA, with only expression traces in ovary. Three different isoforms, differing in the 3＇-UTR sequence, were identified. Isoform A shows between 35 and 65 times higher expression than B and C in CA from penultimate nymphal instar and adult females. RNAi-triggered knock down of BgJHAMT produces a dramatic reduction of JH synthesis, concomitant with a decrease of fat body viteUogenin expression and basal follicle length. BgJHAMT mRNA levels in CA of females along the gonadotrophic cycle parallel, with a slight advancement, JH synthesis profile. BgJHAMT mRNA levels were reduced in starved females and in females in which we reduced nutritional signaling by knocking down insulin receptor and target of rapamycin （TOR）. Results show that conditions that modify JH synthesis in adult B. germanica females show parallel changes of BgJHAMT mRNA levels and that the JH-specifie branch of the JH synthesis pathway is regulated in the same way as the mevalonate branch. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nutrition and its signaling through the insulin receptor and TOR pathways are essential for activating BgJHAMT expression, which suggests that this enzyme can be a checkpoint for the regulation of JH production in relation to nutritional status.

关键词： Blattella germanica corpora allata JHAMT juvenile hormone nutritionalsignaling

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