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Modern management of rectal cancer: A 2006 update

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3186-3195页

作者： Glen c Balch Alex De Meo jose G Guillem colorectal Service at Memorial Sloan-Kettering cancer center New York New York 10021 United States

The goal of this review is to outline some of the important surgical issues surrounding the management of patients with early (T1/T2 and NO), as well as locally advanced (T3/T4 and/or N1) rectal cancer. Surgery for rectal cancer continues to develop towards the ultimate goals of improved local control and overall survival, maintaining quality of life, and preserving sphincter, genitourinary, and sexual function. Information concerning the depth of tumor penetration through the rectal wall, lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastatic disease is of crucial importance when planning a curative rectal cancer resection. Preoperative staging is used to determine the indication for neoadjuvant therapy as well as the indication for local excision versus radical cancer resection. Local excision is likely to be curative in most patients with a primary tumor which is limited to the submucosa (T1N0M0), without high-risk features and in the absence of metastatic disease. In appropriate patients, minimally invasive procedures, such as local excision, TEM, and laparoscopic resection allow for improved patient comfort, shorter hospital stays, and earlier return to preoperative activity level. Once the tumor invades the muscularis propria (T2), radical rectal resection in acceptable operative candidates is recommended. In patients with transmural and/or node positive disease (T3/T4 and/or N1) with no distant metastases, preoperative chemoradiation followed by radical resection according to the principles of TME has become widely accepted. During the planning and conduct of a radical operation for a locally advanced rectal cancer, a number of surgical management issues are considered, including: (1) total mesorectal excision (TME); (2) autonomic nerve preservation (ANP); (3) circumferential resection margin (crM); (4) distal resection margin; (5) sphincter preservation and options for restoration of bowel continuity; (6) laparoscopic approaches; and (7) postoperative qu

关键词： rectal cancer Surgery Local surgery Total mesorectal excision review

Nonlinear parabolic predator-prey coupled system with convection

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2021年第2期14卷 83-118页

作者： jose Luis Diaz Palencia Mariano Fernandez Lopez University Foundation San Pablo cEU Spain

The aim of this work is to provide a formulation of two related nonlinear diffusive convective models in the form of coupled reaction-absorption ***,the postulated models are studied with an analytical *** on,numerical evidences are considered to account for a precise *** problem(P)analyzed is of the form:ut=δΔu+c⋅∇u+v^(n),vt=ϵΔv+c⋅∇v−um,n,m∈(0,1),u_(0)(x),v_(0)(x)>0∈L^(1)_(loc)(rN)∩L^(∞)(r^(N)).(0.1)Afterwards,a related problem P_(T)is studied:ut=δΔu+c⋅∇u−v^(n)(u−d),vt=ϵΔv+c⋅∇v−u^(m)v,n,m∈(0,1),u_(0)(x),v_(0)(x)>0∈L^(1)_(loc)(r^(N))∩L^(∞)(r^(N)).(0.2)The principal aspects for analysis are related to the existence and the derivation of particular solutions to reproduce the dynamic of the interacting *** the problem PT,we make use of the TW approach to study existence of solutions and precise evolution of *** that the term predator is used to refer to an invasive behavior,while the term prey is used for the invaded species.

关键词： Nonlinearity reaction absorption coupled system diffusion,traveling waves

Metal Hexaborides with Sc, Ti or Mn

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2013年第4期3卷 158-169页

作者： Ian D. r. Mackinnon jose A. Alarco Peter c. Talbot Institute for Future Environments Brisbane Australia Science and Engineering Faculty School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Australia

comparison of well-determined single crystal data for stoichiometric, or near-stoichiometric, metal hexaborides confirms previously identified lattice parameter trends using powder diffraction. Trends for both divalent and trivalent forms suggest that potential new forms for synthesis include Sc and Mn hexaborides. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations for KB6, caB6, YB6, LaB6, boron octahedral clusters and Sc and Mn forms show that the shapes of bonding orbitals are defined by the boron framework. Inclusion of metal into the boron framework induces a reduction in energy ranging from 1 eV to 6 eV increasing with ionic charge. For metals with d1 character, such a shift in energy brings a doubly degenerate band section along with the G-M reciprocal space direction within the conduction bands tangential to the Fermi surface. ScB6 band structure and density of states calculations show directions and gap characteristics similar to those of YB6 and LaB6. These calculations for ScB6 suggest that it may be possible to realize superconductivity in this compound if synthesized.

关键词： Metal Hexaborides Electronic Structure Superconductivity Boron Framework

A Family of Methods of the DG-Morley Type for Polyharmonic Equations

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2010年第3期2卷 303-332页

作者： Vitoriano ruas jose Henrique carneiro De Araujo UPMc-Univ.Paris 6 UMR7190 Inst.Jean Le Rond d’Alembert/CNRSParisFrance Visiting Professor at Graduate School of Computer ScienceUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteròiRJBrazil Department and Graduate School of computer Science Universidade Federal FluminenseNiteròiRJBrazil

Discontinuous Galerkin methods as a solution technique of second order elliptic problems,have been increasingly exploited by several authors in the past ten *** is generally claimed the alledged attractive geometrical flexibility of these methods,although they involve considerable increase of computational effort,as compared to continuous *** work is aimed at proposing a combination of DGM and non-conforming finite element methods to solve elliptic m-harmonic equations in a bounded domain of r^(n),for n=2 or n=3,with m≥n+1,as a valid and reasonable alternative to classical finite elements,or even to boundary element methods.

关键词： Discontinuous Galerkin finite elements Hermite tetrahedrons Morley triangle non-conforming polyharmonic equations

Association between lifestyle factors and thyroid function in young euthyroid adults

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 265-275页

作者： Elisa Merchan-ramirez Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado Lucas Jurado-Fasoli Francisco M Acosta Manuel Munoz-Torres jose M.Llamas-Elvira Jonatan r ruiz Sport and Health University research Institute(iMUDS) Faculty of Sports ScienceUniversity of GranadaGranada 18016Spain Pennington Biomedical research center Baton Rouge 70808USA Faculty of Medicine University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Turku PET centre University of TurkuTurku 20500Finland Turku PET centre Turku University HospitalTurku 20520Finland Biosanitary research Institute of Granada(Ibs.Granada) Granada 18012Spain cIBErFES Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢMadrid 28029Spain Endocrinology and Nutrition Service University Hospital San CecilioGranada 18016Spain Nuclear Medicine Service "Virgen de las Nieves"University HospitalGranada 18014Spain

Purpose:The present work examines the associations of dietary habits,sedentarism,physical activity(PA)levels and sleep habits,with thyroid function in young euthyroid ***:A total of 105 young euthyroid adults participated in this cross-sectional *** function was determined in fasting conditions(>6 h).Dietary habits were measured by a food frequency questionnaire and three non-consecutive 24 h recalls,and different dietary intake and patterns were then *** time spent in sedentary,PA levels and sleep habits were objectively measured using a wrist-worn ***:Energy and carbohydrate intake were positively associated with thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)(β=0.222;r^(2)=0.102;P=0.022 andβ=0.425;r^(2)=0.129;P=0.007,respectively)whereas fat intake was negatively associated with TSH(β=-0.428;r^(2)=0.137;P=0.004).Energy intake was also positively associated with free triiodothyronine(β=0.277;r^(2)=0.137;P=0.004).Further,adherence to the Mediterranean diet was negatively related to TSH and free thyroxine(FT4)(β=-0.221;r^(2)=0.113;P=0.020 andβ=-0.268;r^(2)=0.071;P=0.007,respectively).Vigorous-intensity and overall PA were negatively associated with FT4(β=-0.227;r^(2)=0.052;P=0.022 andβ=-0.204;r^(2)=0.042;P=0.041,respectively).In contrast,no associations were found between sleep parameters and thyroid ***:Lifestyle factors such as dietary intake and PA levels seems to be related to thyroid function even in young euthyroid adults.

关键词： Thyroid hormones Dietary intake Sleep Physical activity Euthyroid

Pleiotropy within gene variants associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and traits of the hematopoietic system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第4期27卷 305-320页

作者： carlos jose Pirola Adrian Salatino Silvia Sookoian Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology of complex Diseases National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET)University of Buenos AiresInstitute of Medical Research(IDIM)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427AROArgentina Institute of Medical research A Lanari University of Buenos AiresSchool of MedicineCiudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427AROArgentina Department of clinical and Molecular Hepatology National Scientific and Technical Research Council(CONICET)University of Buenos AiresInstitute of Medical Research(IDIM)Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1427AROArgentina

Genome-wide association studies of complex diseases,including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),have demonstrated that a large number of variants are implicated in the susceptibility of multiple traits—a phenomenon known as pleiotropy that is increasingly being explored through phenome-wide association *** focused on the analysis of pleiotropy within variants associated with hematologic traits and *** used information retrieved from large public National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys,Genome-wide association studies,and phenome-wide association studies based on the general population and explored whether variants associated with NAFLD also present associations with blood cell-related ***,we applied systems biology approaches to assess the potential biological connection/s between genes that predispose affected individuals to NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,and genes that modulate hematological-related traits—specifically platelet *** reasoned that this analysis would allow the identification of potential molecular mediators that link NAFLD with *** associated with platelet count are most highly expressed in the liver,followed by the pancreas,heart,and ***,genes associated with NAFLD presented high expression levels in the brain,lung,spleen,and *** mapping,gene prioritization,and functional analysis of the most significant loci(Prevealed that loci involved in the genetic modulation of platelet count presented significant enrichment in metabolic and energy balance *** conclusion,variants in genes influencing NAFLD exhibit pleiotropic associations with hematologic traits,particularly platelet ***,significant enrichment of related genes with variants influencing platelet traits was noted in metabolic-related ***,this approach yields novel mechanistic insights into NAFLD pathogenesis.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Platelets Leukocytes Hematologic traits Genetics

A Finite-Volume Method for Nonlinear Nonlocal Equations with a Gradient Flow Structure

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communications in computational Physics 2015年第1期17卷 233-258页

作者： jose A.carrillo Alina chertock Yanghong Huang Department of Mathematics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Department of Mathematics North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

We propose a positivity preserving entropy decreasing finite volume scheme for nonlinear nonlocal equations with a gradient flow *** properties allow for accurate computations of stationary states and long-time asymptotics demonstrated by suitably chosen test cases in which these features of the scheme are *** proposed scheme is able to cope with non-smooth stationary states,different time scales including metastability,as well as concentrations and self-similar behavior induced by singular nonlocal *** use the scheme to explore properties of these equations beyond their present theoretical knowledge.

关键词： Finite-volume method gradient flow nonlinear nonlocal equations

Electron Density response to Phonon Dynamics in MgB<sub>2</sub>: An Indicator of Superconducting Properties

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2018年第2期8卷 21-46页

作者： jose A. Alarco Peter c. Talbot Ian D. r. Mackinnon Institute for Future Environments and Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane Australia

Electron density differences resulting from atom displacement patterns aligned with phonon modes in MgB2 have been calculated using density functional theory (DFT). The extent of phonon anomalies, identified as indicators of the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, under a range of conditions in AlB2-type structures, reduce as boron atoms are displaced from their equilibrium positions along E2g mode directions. The Fermi energy for displacements along the directions of the E2g phonon mode accounts for changes in the covalent B-B bond electronic charge density. We applied differential atom displacements to show that the shifted σ band structure associated with the light effective mass became tangential to the Fermi level and that the Fermi surface undergoes a topological transition at a critical relative displacement of ~0.6% of the boron atoms from equilibrium. The difference in Fermi energies at this critical displacement and at the equilibrium position correspond to the superconducting energy gap. The net volume between tubular σ surfaces in reciprocal space correlated with the depth of the phonon anomaly and, by inference, it is a key to an understanding of superconductivity. This ab initioapproach offers a phenomenological understanding of the factors that determine Tc based on knowledge of the crystal structure.

关键词： Electron Density MgB2 Phonon Dispersion Kohn Anomaly Phonon Dynamics Superconducting Transition Temperature Superconductivity Mechanism

comparison of Functionals for Metal Hexaboride Band Structure calculations

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Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Material Science 2014年第2期4卷 53-69页

作者： jose A. Alarco Peter c. Talbot Ian D. r. Mackinnon Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology Gardens Point Campus BrisbaneAustralia Institute for Future Environments Queensland University of Technology Gardens Point Campus BrisbaneAustralia Science and Engineering Faculty Queensland University of Technology Gardens Point Campus BrisbaneAustralia

Density functional calculations of the electronic band structure for superconducting and semiconducting metal hexaborides are compared using a consistent suite of assumptions and with emphasis on the physical implications of computed models. Spin polarization enhances mathematical accuracy of the functional approximations and adds significant physical meaning to model interpretation. For YB6 and LaB6, differences in alpha and beta projections occur near the Fermi energy. These differences are pronounced for superconducting hexaborides but do not occur for other metal hexaborides.

关键词： Hexaborides Density Functional Theory Band Structure Spin Polarization Superconductivity