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The Drought of.Amazonia in 2023-2024

American Journal of.climate change 2024年第3期13卷 567-597页

作者： jose A. Marengo Ana P. cunha Jhan-carlo Espinoza Rong f. Jochen Schöngart Juan c. Jimenez Mabel c. costa Joao M. Ribeiro Sly Wongchuig Siyu Zhao National center f.r Monitoring and Early Warning of.Natural Disasters/cEMADEN So Jos dos Campos Brazil UNESP/cEMADEN So Jos dos Campos Brazil Graduate School of.International Studies Korea University Seoul South Korea Institut des Gosciences de lEnvironnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Dvelopement (IRD) Saint Martin dHeres France Instituto de Investigacin sobre la Enseanza de las Matemticas (IREM PUcP) Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per Lima Peru Department of.Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Departament of.Environmental Dynamics Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaznia (INPA) Manaus Brazil Global change Unit (GcU) of.the Image Processing Laboratory (IPL) Universitat de Valncia Estudi General (UVEG) Paterna Spain Laboratoire dEtudes en Gophysique et Ocanographie Spatiales (LEGOS) Universit de Toulouse CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3 Toulouse France

The Amazon basin has experienced an extreme drought that started in the austral summer of.2022-23 and extends into 2024. This drought started earlier than other previous droughts. Although some rain f.ll during the austral summer, totals remained below average. Higher temperatures during austral winter and spring 2023, which af.ected most of.central South America, then aggravated drought conditions. This coincided with an intense El Niño and abnormally warm tropical North Atlantic Ocean temperatures since mid-2023. Decreased rainf.ll across the Amazon basin, negative anomalies in evapotranspiration (derived f.om latent heat) and soil moisture indicators, as well as increased temperatures during the dry-to-wet transition season, September-October-November (SON) 2023, combined to delay the onset of.the wet season in the hydrological year 2023-24 by nearly two months and caused it to be uncharacteristically weak. SON 2023 registered a precipitation def.cit of.the order of.50 to 100 mm/month, and temperatures +3˚c higher than usual in Amazonia, leading to reduced evapotranspiration and soil moisture indicators. These processes, in turn, determined an exceptionally late onset and a lengthening of.the dry season, af.ecting the 2023-2024 hydrological year. These changes were aggravated by a heat wave f.om June to December 2023. Drought-heat compound events and their consequences are the most critical natural threats to society. River levels reached record lows, or dried up completely, af.ecting Amazonian ecosystems. Increased risk of.wildf.res is another concern exacerbated by these conditions.

关键词： El Niño SST in the Tropical Atlantic Amazon Drought River Levels Heatwave Dry Season Length

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Accuracy details in realistic cf. modeling of.an industrial centrif.gal pump in direct and reverse modes

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Journal of.Thermal Science 2010年第6期19卷 491-499页

作者： J.c. Páscoa f. J. silva J.S. Pinheiro D.J. Martins Department of.Electromechanical Engineering Center for Aerospace Sciences and Technology University of Beira Interior Ef.f.U Bombas e Ventiladores S.A. R. S. Brás 269 Apartado 23 4494-909 Póvoa do Varzim Portugal

Numerical computation of.the f.owf.eld inside a pump is herein used as a numerical laboratory, subject to the limitations of.modeling assumptions and to experimental verif.cation. A numerical computation of.the f.ow inside a real industrial centrif.gal pump is perf.rmed that includes a very sophisticated geometry. conversely to other computations, in this test case no simplif.cation of.the geometry was introduced. Numerical computations are obtained using Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. A detailed analysis of.the turbulent f.owstructure is perf.rmed f.r the design point and two of. design conditions. Additional computations were perf.rmed in order to compare the numerical and experimental pump characteristics; these were obtained under normalized testing conditions. f.rther computations are presented f.r the pump working in reverse turbine mode (PAT). Detailed analyses of.the f.ow allow a comparison of.the internal f.ow losses when the pump is operating in direct and reverse mode. This is also usef.l to help in the selection of.an adequate pump geometry that can work in both modes with best ef.iciency.

关键词： centrif.gal pump impeller turbulence modeling Spalart-Allmaras PAT

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clinical/Behavioral Monitoring of.Rodents and Rabbits Undergoing Scientif.c Experiments

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Open Journal of.Veterinary Medicine 2024年第5期14卷 91-109页

作者： Luiz cesar cavalcanti Pereira Jhônata Willy Rocha coelho Hyago da silva Medeiros Elidio Rita de cássia dos Passos f.rraz Da silva João Gabriel Regis Sobral Bárbara Alves de Brito Soledade Leandro Thomaz Vilela Isabele Barbieri Dos Santos Institute of.Science and Technology in Biomodels (IcTB) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratory Animal f.cility of.the carlos chagas Pavilion of.the Animal Experimentation center (cEA) Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC) Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil

Background: We currently have international and national guidelines regarding the assessment and monitoring of.clinical signs and humane endpoints in animals used in teaching and research, which make the perf.rmance of.these activities mandatory f.r any experiment and prof.ssional working in this area. Assigning the severity of.a research experiment is the result of.an analysis of.records of.observations of.the animal’s behavior, and clinical signs. The aim of.this study was to describe the importance of.carrying out a severity assessment associated with clinical and behavioral monitoring of.rodents and rabbits during experimentation to maintain the welf.re of.these animals undergoing scientif.c research. Methods: The literature search was carried out using the f.llowing terms: “Monitoring”;“Humane endpoints”;“Animal welf.re”, “Rodents”;“Rabbits”, and as connectors “and”;“or”, in the f.llowing databases: PubMed;LILAcS/BIREME and SciELO. Results: A total of.987 articles were identif.ed in the databases, and 20 of.these studies were included in this review. conclusions: Humane endpoint protocols and procedure severity tables are of.the utmost importance, both f.om an ethical point and to ref.ne the results of.research conducted on laboratory animals. They should be drawn up jointly by the teams responsible f.r the project and the maintenance of.the animals during the research period, and the data obtained should be published so that the scientif.c community can have access to it, helping to disseminate these practices, as well as helping to draw up new procedures. Monitoring and evaluating the welf.re and clinical condition of.animals undergoing scientif.c research procedures is the responsibility of.the prof.ssors, researchers, veterinarians, and animal f.cility coordinators. The Ethics committee on the Use of.Animals must monitor all the activities conducted with the animals, by inspecting the experimental procedures and the physical environment of.the laboratory an

关键词： Monitoring Humane Endpoints Animal Welf.re Experimental Design Laboratory Animals’ Investigations

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Experimental study on the wear evolution of.dif.erent PVD coated tools under milling operations of.LDX2101 duplex stainless steel

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Advances in Manuf.cturing 2023年第1期11卷 158-179页

作者： Vitor f.c.Sousa f.ancisco J.G.silva Ricardo Alexandre jose S.f.cheira Gustavo Pinto Andresa Baptista ISEP-School of.Engineering Polytechnic of PortoRua Dr.António Bernardino de Almeida4314200–072PortoPortugal INEGI-Driving Science and Innovation Rua Dr.Roberto Frias4004200–465PortoPortugal TEandM-Technology Engineering and MaterialsS.A.Parque Industrial do TaveiroLotes 41-423045–504TaveiroPortugal

Duplex stainless steels are being used on applications that require,especially,high corrosion resistance and overall good mechanical properties,such as the naval and oil-gas exploration *** components employed in these industries are usually obtained by machining,however,these alloys have low machinability when compared to conventional stainless *** this work,a study of.the wear developed when milling duplex stainless-steel,LDX 2101,is going to be presented and evaluated,employing f.ur types of.milling tools with dif.erent geometries and coatings,while studying the inf.uence of.f.ed rate and cutting length in the wear of.these *** used have been provided with two and f.ur f.utes,as well as three dif.erent coatings,namely:TiAlN,TiAlSiN and *** cutting behavior of.these tools was analyzed;data relative to the cutting f.rces developed during the process were obtained;and roughness measurements of.the machined surf.ces were *** tools were then submitted to scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis,enabling the identif.cation of.the wear mechanisms that tools were subjected to when machining this material,f.rthermore,the early stages of.these mechanisms were also *** this work was done with the goal of.relating the machining parameters and cutting f.rce values obtained,identif.ing,and discussing the wear patterns that were observed in the coating and tools af.er the milling tests,providing f.rther inf.rmation on the machining of.these alloys.

关键词： Duplex stainless-steel Milling Tool coatings Surf.ce roughness Wear mechanisms

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Snapshot Survey of.the Presence of.Perf.uoroalkyl Substances in Products, Articles, and the Environment in Ecuador

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Engineering 2024年第6期37卷 49-61页

作者： Heidelore f.edler Luis Vega-Bustillos Jenny Arias-Pastrano Lander Vinicio Pérez-Aldás jose castro-Díaz MTM Research centre School of Science and TechnologyÖrebro UniversityÖrebro 70182Sweden Undersecretariat of.Environmental Quality Ministry of EnvironmentWater and Ecological Transition of EcuadorQuito 170525Ecuador Department of.Environmental chemistry The Technical University of AmbatoHuachi CampusAmbato 180207Ecuador Alternativavision Ambiental cia.Ltda. Mexico 03100Mexico

The Stockholm convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)is a legally binding instrument f.r 186 Parties(status:April 2023).Accordingly,among other responsibilities,countries are obliged to report the production,import,or export of.the POPs listed in Annexes A,B,or c;provide inf.rmation to registers;maintain inventories;and monitor the presence of.POPs in the *** the broader context of.international chemicals and waste management,producer responsibilities,harmonized reporting,and compliance with national and international regulations,Ecuador has addressed the newly listed group of.perf.uorinated alkyl substances(Pf.S)in its national implementation plan and sent selected products f.om its national market f.r Pf.S *** products analyzed came f.om the initially listed f.elds of.specif.c exemptions and acceptable purposes,including:f.re-f.ghting f.ams;photographic aids;greasers/degreasers;various kinds of.paper/packaging;textiles;and leather,coatings,cleaners,metal plating,and *** results showed that the three Pf.S presently listed in the Stockholm convention could be quantif.ed in only a f.w samples;additional Pf.S,not yet listed in the convention also had low detection *** the number of.samples was limited,the samples covered a large spectrum of.sample matrices,making it possible to conclude that—once these products become waste and are regulated under the Basel convention—they would not constitute a disposal ***,verif.cation of.the presence of.Pf.S in products on the market is expected to pose an analytical challenge f.r both,developed and developing countries.

关键词： Emerging or newly listed POPs Stockholm convention Products and articles Pf.S analysis Developing countries

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Iron-Def.ciency Anemia Management in Gynecological Surgery: A Review of.current Evidence and Best Practices

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Open Journal of.Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1223-1241页

作者： Aline Evangelista Santiago Artur Lima Sendin Víctor Nilo Nogueira Rogério Adão Braga Admilson Lemos costa f.lho Eduardo Batista cândido Agnaldo Lopes silva f.lho Department of.Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine Santo Amaro University (UNISA) So Paulo Brazil Department of.Gynecology and Obstetrics Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) Belo Horizonte Brazil Department of.Gynecology and Obstetrics Faculty of Medicine So Paulo State University (UNESP) So Paulo Brazil

Purpose: Due to the high prevalence of.iron def.ciency anemia in women undergoing gynecological surgeries and its association with worse postoperative results, it is necessary to identif. and treat anemia preoperatively. However, although anemia and iron def.ciency are signif.cant global health problems, there are still disparities in the recognition and implementation of.“Patient Blood Management” (PBM) as a comprehensive approach to mitigating the risks associated with these diseases. The purpose of.the study is to review best practices f.r the treatment of.anemia based on the Enhanced Recovery Af.er Surgery (ERAS) protocol and PBM recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed the literature on preoperative iron def.ciency anemia in patients undergoing gynecological surgery. We identif.ed ref.rences through searches in PubMed using relevant search terms. Results: Among the various strategies used in PBM, perhaps the most important is the early detection and management of.anemia. In gynecological surgery, there are several approaches to reducing perioperative blood loss, highlighting the use of.gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (aGnRh) and antif.brinolytics. Oral and intravenous iron supplementation can be perf.rmed in addition to blood transf.sion to treat anemia. conclusion: Addressing preoperative and postoperative anemia through systematic correction, f.llowing the guidelines of.the ERAS protocol and PBM guidelines, is essential to improving perioperative outcomes in women undergoing gynecological surgery.

关键词： Anemia Gynecological Surgery Iron Supplementation Iron Def.ciency

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Global prevalence and gender inequalities in at least 60 min of.self.reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity 1 or more days per week:An analysis with 707,616 adolescents

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Journal of.Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 709-716页

作者： Raphael H.O.Araujo AndrúO.Werneck clarice L.Martins Luciana L.Barboza Raf.el M.Tassitano Nicolas Aguilar-f.rias Gilmar M.Jesus Robinson Ramírez-Véelez Riki Tesler Adewale L.Oyeyemi Ellen c.M.silva Robert G.Weaver Mark S.Tremblay Javier Brazo-Sayavera Grégore I.Mielke Danilo R.P.silva Graduation Program in Health Sciences Londrina State University(UEL)Londrina 86057-970Brazil center f.r Epidemiological Research in Nutrition and Health Department of NutritionSchool of Public HealthUniversidade de Sao Paulo(USP)Sao Paulo 01246-904Brazil Department of.Physical Education Federal University of ParaıbaParaıba 58051-900Brazil Research centre of.Physical Activity Health and LeisureFaculty of SportsLaboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health(ITR)University of PortoPorto 4500Portugal Postgraduate Program in Physical Education University of BrasıliaBrasılia 70910-900Brazil Department of.Kinesiology and community Health University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61801-3841USA Department of.Physical Education Sports and RecreationUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco 4680000Chile Department of.Health State University of Feira de SantanaFeira de Santana 44036-900Brazil Navarrabiomed Hospital Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Navarra Institute for Health Research(IdiSNA)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)Pamplona 31006Spain f.cultad de ciencias de la Educacion Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca(UCEVA)TuluaValle del Cauca 763022Colombia Health Management Department Faculty of Heath sciencesAriel UniversityAriel 40700Israel college of.Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Arnold School of.Public Health University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC 29208USA Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of.Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of.Health Sciences Carleton UniversityOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Department of.Sports and computer Science Universidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Seville 41013Spain centro Universitario Regional Noreste Universidad de la RepublicaRivera 40000Uruguay School of.Public Health The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia Department of.Physical Education

Background:Guidelines recommend that adolescents should accumulate an average of.60 min per day of.moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA).However,using only this cut-of. could hide important *** instance,f.om a population-level point of.view,increasing physical activity f.r those with no or low physical activity could provide more health benef.ts than increasing physical activity f.r those with intermediate ***,including a more sensitive cut-point of.1 days per week could be an additional strategy f.r identif.ing those with low access/opportunities f.r physical activity ***,the current study aims to estimate the prevalence of.60 min of.MVPA≥1 days per week among adolescents globally,and to describe any relevant gender ***:We used representative datasets f.om 146 countries/territories collected between 2003 and *** was *** were grouped into younger(≤14 years old)and older(>14 years old)*** Poisson regression models were used to identif. the relative dif.erences in≥60 min of.MVPA≥1 days per week between boys and girls,and random-ef.ects meta-analysis models were used to identif. the pooled *** were stratif.ed by country and ***:Approximately 80%of.both younger and older adolescents reported≥60 min of.MVPA≥1 days per *** prevalence was≥94%in Europe and central Asia and North America,while the estimates f.r the other regions werece of.60 min of.MVPA≥1 days per week was higher among boys than girls,with the largest dif.erences occurring among the oldest adolescents(Prevalence ratio_(≤14y)=1.04(95%conf.dence interval(95%cI)):1.03-1.04)*** ratio_(>14y)=1.09(95%cI:1.08-1.10)).conclusion:Approximately 8 out of.10 adolescents reported accumulating≥60 min of.MVPA≥1 days per week,with notable dif.erences between *** dif.erences were observed in several countries,especially among the oldest *** f.

关键词： Global School-based Student Health Survey Health Behaviour Among School-aged children survey Inequality Surveillance Youth

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MULTIOBJEcTIVE ROUTING IN MULTISERVIcE MPLS NETWORKS WITH TRAf.Ic SPLITTING-A NETWORK f.OW APPROAcH

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Journal of.Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2015年第4期24卷 389-432页

作者： Rita Girao-silva jose craveirinha Joao climaco M.Eugenia captivo Department of.Electrical and computer Engineering University of Coimbra Polo ⅡPinhal de Marrocos P-3030-290 coimbra Portugal Institute of.computers and Systems Engineering of.coimbra(INESc-coimbra)R.Antero de Quental 199 P-3000-033 coimbra Portugal centro de Investigacao Operacional Faculdade de CienciasUniversidade de Lisboa Campo GrandeBloco C6Piso 4 P-1749-016 Lisboa Portugal

A multiobjective routing model f.r Multiprotocol Label Switching networks with multiple service types and traf.ic splitting is presented in this paper. The routing problem is f.rmulated as a multiobjective mixed-integer program, where the considered objectives are the minimization of.the bandwidth routing cost and the minimization of.the load cost in the network links with a constraint on the maximal splitting of.traf.ic trunks. Two dif.erent exact methods are developed f.r solving the f.rmulated problem, one based on the classical constraint method and another based on a modif.ed constraint method. A very extensive experimental study, with results on network perf.rmance measures in various ref.rence test networks and in randomly generated networks, is also presented and its results are discussed.

关键词： Routing models multiobjective optimization telecommunication networks network f.owapproach traf.ic splitting

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The global stability and optimal control of.the cOVID-19 epidemic model

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International Journal of.Biomathematics 2024年第1期17卷 1-28页

作者： f.ngsheng chien Hassan Saberi Nik Mohammad Shiraziant J.f.Gomez-Aguilar School of.f.nance and Accounting f.zhou University of.International Studies and Trade f.zhou 352020 P.R.China f.culty of.Business City university of Macao Macao 999078P.R.China Department of.Mathematics and Statistics University of.Neyshabur NeyshaburIran cONAcyT-Tecnologico Nacional de Mécico/cENIDET Interior Internado Palmira S/N Col.Palmira C.P.62490CuernavacaMorelosMérico

This paper considers stability analysis of.a Susceptible-Exposed-Inf.cted-Recovered-Virus(SEIRV)model with nonlinear incidence rates and indicates the severity and weakness of.control f.ctors f.r disease *** Lyapunov f.nction using Volterra-Lyapunov matrices makes it possible to study the global stability of.the endemic equilibrium *** optimal control strategy is proposed to prevent the spread of.coronavirus,in addition to governmental *** objective is to minimize together with the quantity of.inf.cted and exposed individuals while minimizing the total costs of.treatment.A numerical study of.the model is also carried out to investigate the analytical results.

关键词： Global stability SEIRV epidemic model dynamical systems Volterra-Lyapunov stability optimal control

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In vitro antileishmanial ef.ects of.Physalis angulata root extract on Leishmania inf.ntum

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Journal of.Integrative Medicine 2018年第6期16卷 404-410页

作者： Bruno jose Martins Da silva Sandro Wilson Gomes Pereira Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues jose Luiz Martins Do Nascimento Edilene Oliveira silva Laboratory of.Structural Biology Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of PardBelemPard 66075-110Brazil National Institute of.Science and Technology in Structural Biology and Bioimaging(INcT-INBEB) Rio de Janeiro 21941-901Brazil Laboratory of.Electron Microscopy Department of Health SurveillanceMinistry of HealthEvandro Chagas InstituteBelemPard 66087-082Brazil Laboratory of.Molecular and cellular Neurochemistry Institute of Biological SciencesFederal University of PardBelemPard 66075-110Brazil National Institute of.Science and Technology in Neuroimmunomodulation(INcT-NIM) Rio de Janeiro 21040-360Brazil

Objective： In the present study, we evaluated the ef.ects of.the aqueous extract of.Physalis angulata root （AEPa） on Leishmania inf.nturn prolif.ration, morphology, and the driving mechanism in leishmanicidal activity and modulatory action on macrophages. Methods： I., inf.ntum promastigotes were treated with 50 and 100 μg/mL AEPa f.r 72 h and then antipro- mastigote assay was perf.rmed by counts in a Newbauer chamber, morphological changes were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and the mechanism of.the leishmanicidal activity was detected. In addition, macrophages were inf.cted with L. inf.ntum and were used to evaluate anti-amastigote activity of.AEPa and ef.ects of.AEPa on cytokine secretion af.er 72-hour treatment. Results： Treatment with AEPa reduced the numbers of. inf.ntum promastigotes （50% inhibitory concen- tration （Icso） = 65.9μg/mL; selectivity index （SI）= 22.1） and amastigotes （Icso = 37.9 μg/mL; SI = 38.5） compared with the untreated control. Amphotericin B reduced 100% of.the promastigote numbers af.er 72 h of.treatment （Ic50 = 0.2μg/mL）. AEPa induced several morphological changes and increased the production of.reactive oxygen species and apoptotic death in promastigotes af.er treating f.r 72 h. AEPa （100 μg/mL） promoted tumor necrosis f.ctor-α secretion in macrophages inf.cted with L. inf.ntum af.er 72 h of.treatment, but did not induce an increase in this cytokine in noninf.cted macrophages. In addition, AEPa showed no cytotoxic ef.ect on J774-A1 cells （50% cytotoxic concentration 〉1000μg/mL）. conclusion： AEPa presented antileishmanial activity against the promastigotes and amastigotes of.I.. inf.ntum without macrophage cytotoxicity; these results show that natural products such as P. angulata have leishmanicidal potential and in the f.ture may be an alternative treatment f.r leishmaniasis.

关键词： Leishmanicidal activity Leishmania inf.ntum Reactive oxygen species Apoptosis Physalis angulata

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