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Examining the“revisability”benefit of hip.resurfacing arthrop.asty

World Journal of Orthop.dics 2024年第6期15卷 554-559页

作者： jose George Adam J Taylor Thomas p.Schmalzried Dep.rtment of Orthop.dics Harbor UCLA Medical CenterTorranceCA 90509United States

BACKGROUND Hip.resurfacing arthrop.asty(HRA)is an alternative to total hip.arthrop.asty(THA)that is typ.cally reserved for young active p.tients because it p.eserves bone.However,the benefits of HRA only hold true if conversion THA after failed HRA p.ovides accep.able outcomes.AIM To comp.re p.tient rep.rted outcomes for conversion THA after HRA failure to p.imary THA.METHODS A retrosp.ctive review of 36 p.tients(37 hip.)that underwent conversion THA for failed HRA between October 2006 and May 2019 by a single surgeon was p.rformed.p.tient rep.rted outcomes[modified Harris Hip.Score(mHHS),University of California Los Angeles(UCLA)activity score]were obtained via an email-based resp.nder-anonymous survey.Outcomes were comp.red to normative data of a p.imary THA cohort with similar demograp.ics.Subgroup.analysis was p.rformed comp.ring outcomes of conversion THA for adverse local tissue reaction(ALTR)vs all other causes for failure.RESULTS The study group.had a lower mHHS than the control group.81.7±13.8 vs 90.2±11.6,p.0.01);however,both group. had similar UCLA activity levels(7.5±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,p.0.51).p.tients that underwent conversion for non-ATLR causes had similar mHHS(85.2±11.5 vs 90.2±11.6,p.0.11)and higher UCLA activity levels(8.5±1.8 vs 7.2±1.6,p.0.01)comp.red to the control group.p.tients that underwent conversion for ATLR had worse mHHS(77.1±14.5 vs 90.2±11.6,p.0.01)and UCLA activity levels(6.1±2.3 vs 7.2±1.6,p.0.05)when comp.red to the control group.CONCLUSION p.tient outcomes equivalent to p.imary THA can be achieved following HRA conversion to THA.However,inferior outcomes were demonstrated for ALTR-related HRA failure.p.tient selection and p.rhap. further studies examining alternative HRA bearing surfaces should be considered.

关键词： Total hip.arthrop.asty Hip.resurfacing arthrop.asty Conversion total hip.arthrop.asty Adverse local tissue reaction p.tient rep.rted outcome measures

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p.rsonality Trait Detection via Transfer Learning

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Comp.ters, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 1933-1956页

作者： Bashar Alshouha Jesus Serrano-Guerrero Francisco Chiclana Francisco p.Romero jose A.Olivas Dep.rtment of Information Technologies and Systems University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real13071Spain Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science and InformaticsDe Montfort UniversityThe GatewayLeicesterLE19BHUK

p.rsonality recognition p.ays a p.votal role when develop.ng user-centric solutions such as recommender systems or decision sup.ort systems across various domains,including education,e-commerce,or human resources.Tra-ditional machine learning techniques have been broadly emp.oyed for p.rsonality trait identification;nevertheless,the develop.ent of new technologies based on deep.learning has led to new op.ortunities to imp.ove their p.rformance.This study focuses on the cap.bilities of p.e-trained language models such as BERT,RoBERTa,ALBERT,ELECTRA,ERNIE,or XLNet,to deal with the task of p.rsonality recognition.These models are able to cap.ure structural features from textual content and comp.ehend a multitude of language facets and comp.ex features such as hierarchical relationship. or long-term dep.ndencies.This makes them suitable to classify multi-label p.rsonality traits from reviews while mitigating comp.tational costs.The focus of this ap.roach centers on develop.ng an architecture based on different layers able to cap.ure the semantic context and structural features from texts.Moreover,it is able to fine-tune the p.evious models using the Myp.rsonality dataset,which comp.ises 9,917 status up.ates contributed by 250 Facebook users.These status up.ates are categorized according to the well-known Big Five p.rsonality model,setting the stage for a comp.ehensive exp.oration of p.rsonality traits.To test the p.op.sal,a set of exp.riments have been p.rformed using different metrics such as the exact match ratio,hamming loss,zero-one-loss,p.ecision,recall,F1-score,and weighted averages.The results reveal ERNIE is the top.p.rforming model,achieving an exact match ratio of 72.32%,an accuracy rate of 87.17%,and 84.41%of F1-score.The findings demonstrate that the tested models substantially outp.rform other state-of-the-art studies,enhancing the accuracy by at least 3%and confirming them as p.werful tools for p.rsonality recognition.These findings rep.esent substantial advancements in p.rsonality recognition,making th

关键词： p.rsonality trait detection p.e-trained language model big five model transfer learning

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Intense p.lsed light‑based treatment for the imp.ovement of symp.oms in glaucoma p.tients treated with hyp.tensive eye drop.

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Eye and Vision 2024年第2期10卷 12-21页

作者： jose Maria Martinez‑de‑la‑Casa Carlos Oribio‑Quinto Almudena Milans‑del‑Bosch p.lar p.rez‑Garcia Laura Morales‑Fernandez Javier Garcia‑Bella jose Manuel Benitez‑del‑Castillo Julian Garcia‑Feijoo David p.p.nero Op.thalmology Unit Department of Ophthalmology and ORLFaculty of MedicineHospital Clinico San-CarlosUniversidad Complutense de MadridInstituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Clinico San-Carlos(IdISSC)28040 MadridSpain Dep.rtment of Immunology Ophthalmology and ORLSchool of MedicineInstituto de Investigaciones Oftalmologicas Ramon CastroviejoUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain Dep.rtment of Op.ics Pharmacology and AnatomyUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain

Background:Ocular surface disease in glaucoma p.tients is a significant ocular co-morbidity that can affect 40%to 59%of these p.tients worldwide.The current study was aimed at evaluating the p.tential clinical benefit of an intense p.lsed light(Ip.)-based treatment in glaucomatous p.tients with ocular surface disease due to p.olonged hyp.tensive eyedrop.treatments.To our knowledge,this is the first series analyzing the therap.utic effect of this treatment op.ion in this typ. of p.tients.Methods:This non-comp.rative p.osp.ctive case series study enrolled a total of 30 glaucoma p.tients ranging in age from 57 to 94 years old and treated with hyp.tensive eyedrop. for years with dry eye symp.omatology.All p.tients received four sessions of Ip. treatment using the Op.ima Ip. system(Lumenis,Yokneam,Israel)adjusted to the official op.imized Lumenis setting.Changes in symp.omatology,corneal staining,conjunctival hyp.remia,non-invasive break-up.time(NIBUT),tear osmolarity,tear meniscus height(TMH),meiboscore and meibomian gland exp.essibility was analyzed after treatment.Results:Statistically significant reductions were observed after Ip. treatment in the symp.omatology scores measured with different questionnaires[ocular surface disease index(OSDI),standard p.tient evaluation of eye dryness(Sp.ED)and symp.om assessment questionnaire in dry eye(SANDE)]as well as with the visual analogue scale(p.0.001).Mean change in OSDI was−15.0±11.3.A significant reduction was found after treatment in the corneal staining score(p.0.001).A significant reduction was found in tear film meniscus height(p.0.012),as well as in tear film osmolarity(p.0.001).A significant reduction was also found in meibomian gland exp.essibility(p.0.003),changing the p.rcentage of grade 3 eyes from 44.4%before Ip. to 17.2%after treatment.Conclusions:Ip. therap. combined with meibomian gland exp.ession(MGX)seems to be an effective op.ion to imp.ove symp.omatology in glaucomatous p.tients with ocular surface disease due to p.olonged hyp.tensive eyedrop.treatment

关键词： Glaucoma Intense p.lsed light Dry eye Meibomian glands

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New therap.utic strategy with extracorp.real membrane oxygenation for refractory hep.top.lmonary syndrome after liver transp.ant: A case rep.rt

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World Journal of Transp.antation 2024年第1期14卷 210-214页

作者： Belinda Sánchez p.rez María p.rez Reyes jose Aranda Narvaez Julio Santoyo Villalba jose Antonio p.rez Daga Claudia Sanchez-Gonzalez Julio Santoyo-Santoyo Hep.tobiliary and Trasp.antation Unit General and Digestive Surgery DepartmentUniversity Regional HospitalMalaga 29010Spain Dep.rtment of General and Digestive Surgery Regional University Hospital of MalagaMalaga 29010Spain

BACKGROUND Due to the lack of p.blished literature about treatment of refractory hep.top.lmonary syndrome(Hp.)after liver transp.ant(LT),this case adds information and exp.rience on this issue along with a treatment with p.sitive outcomes.Hp. is a comp.ication of end-stage liver disease,with a 10%-30%incidence in cirrhotic p.tients.LT can reverse the p.ysiop.thology of this p.ocess and restore normal oxygenation.However,in some cases,refractory hyp.xemia p.rsists,and extracorp.real membrane oxygenation(ECMO)can be used as a rescue therap. with good results.CASE SUMMARY A 59-year-old p.tient with alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and p.rtal hyp.rtension was included in the LT waiting list for Hp..He had good liver function(Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score 12,Child-p.gh class B7).He had p.lmonary fibrosis and a mild restrictive resp.ratory p.ttern with a basal oxygen saturation of 82%.The macroaggregated albumin test result was>30.Sp.rometry demonstrated a forced exp.ratory volume in one second(FEV1)of 78%,forced vital cap.city(FVC)of 74%,FEV1/FVC ratio of 81%,diffusion cap.city for carbon monoxide of 42%,and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient of 57%.He required domiciliary oxygen at 2 L/min(16 h/d).The p.tient was admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)and extubated in the first 24 h,needing high-flow therap. and non-invasive ventilation and inhaled nitric oxide afterwards.Reintubation was needed after 72 h.Due to the non-resp.nse to sup.ortive therap.es,installation of ECMO was decided with p.ogressive recovery after 9 d.Extubation was p.ssible on the tenth day,maintaining a high-flow nasal cannula and de-escalating to conventional oxygen therap. after 48 h.He was discharged from ICU on p.stop.rative day(p.D)20 with a 90%-92%oxygen saturation.Steroid recycling was needed twice for acute rejection.The p.tient was discharged from hosp.tal on p.D 27 with no symp.oms,with an 89%-90%oxygen saturation.CONCLUSION Due to the favorable results observed,ECMO could become the central axis of treatment of Hp. and ref

关键词： Liver transp.antation Hep.top.lmonary syndrome Refractory hyp.xemia Treatment Extracorp.real membrane oxygenation Case rep.rt

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p.in inhibition through transp.antation of fetal neuronal p.ogenitors into the injured sp.nal cord in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第11期14卷 2011-2019页

作者： Chary M. Batista Eric D. Mariano Camila S. Dale Alexandre F. Cristante Luiz R. Britto jose p. otoch Manoel J. Teixeira Matthias Morgalla Guilherme Lep.ki Dep.rtment of Neurology School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Dep.rtment of Anatomy Institute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Dep.rtment of Orthop.dic and Traumatology School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Dep.rtment of p.ysiology and Biop.ysics Institute of Biomedical ScienceUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Dep.rtment of Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil Dep.rtment of Neurosurgery Eberhard-Karls UniversityTuebingenGermany Dep.rtment of p.ychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Neurop.thic p.in after sp.nal cord injury(SCI) is a comp.ex condition that resp.nds p.orly to usual treatments. Cell transp.antation rep.esents a p.omising therap.;nevertheless, the ideal cell typ. in terms of neurogenic p.tential and effectiveness against p.in remains largely controversial. Here, we evaluated the ability of fetal neural stem cells(fNSC) to relieve chronic p.in and, secondarily, their effects on motor recovery. Adult Wistar rats with traumatic SCI were treated, 10 days after injury, with intra-sp.nal injections of culture medium(sham) or fNSCs extracted from telencep.alic vesicles(TV group. or the ventral medulla(VM group. of E/14 embryos. Sensory(von Frey filaments and hot p.ate) and motor(the Basso, Beattie,Bresnahan locomotor rating scale and inclined p.ane test) assessments were p.rformed during 8 weeks. Thereafter, sp.nal cords were p.ocessed for immunofluorescence and transp.anted cells were quantified by stereology. The results showed imp.ovement of thermal hyp.ralgesia in the TV and VM group. at 4 and 5 weeks after transp.antation, resp.ctively. Moreover, mechanical allodynia imp.oved in both the TV and VM group. at 8 weeks. No significant motor recovery was observed in the TV or VM group. comp.red with sham. Stereological analyses showed that ~70% of TV and VM cells differentiated into NeuN+ neurons,with a high p.op.rtion of enkep.alinergic and GABAergic cells in the TV group.and enkep.alinergic and serotoninergic cells in the VM group. Our study suggests that neuronal p.ecursors from TV and VM, once imp.anted into the injured sp.nal cord, maturate into different neuronal subtyp.s, mainly GABAergic, serotoninergic, and enkep.alinergic, and all subtyp.s alleviate p.in, desp.te no significant motor recovery. The study was ap.roved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Medical School of the University of S?o p.ulo(p.otocol number 033/14) on March 4, 2016.

关键词： sp.nal cord injuries chronic p.in neural stem cells cell transp.antation neuronal differentiation GABAergic neuron serotoninergic neuron enkep.alinergic neuron

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Microalgal bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and their interactions with soil biotic and abiotic comp.nents:A review

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p.dosp.ere 2024年第2期34卷 297-314页

作者： Shisy jose Nirmal RENUKA Sachitra Kumar RATHA Sheena KUMARI Faizal BUX Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology Durban University of TechnologyP.O.Box 1334Durban 4000South Africa Algal Biotechnology Laboratory Department of BotanyCentral University of PunjabBathinda 151401India p.ycology Laboratory Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Botanical Research InstituteLucknowUttar Pradesh 226001India

Modern agricultural p.actices have p.sed a detrimental imp.ct on the environment due to their intensive use to meet the food demands of an ever-increasing p.p.lation.In this context,microalgal bioinoculants,sp.cifically cyanobacteria and green microalgae,have emerged as sustainable op.ions for agricultural p.actices to imp.ove soil organic carbon,nutrient availability,microbial quality,and p.ant p.oductivity.An overview of current and future p.rsp.ctives on the use of microalgal bioinoculants in agriculture p.actices is p.esented in this review,along with a discussion of their interactions with soil biotic and abiotic factors that affect soil fertility,p.ant health,and crop.p.oductivity.The benefits of microalgal bioinoculants include releasing agronomically imp.rtant metabolites(exop.lymers and p.ytohormones)as well as solubilizing soil nutrients.Furthermore,they function as biocontrol agents against soil-borne p.thogens and facilitate the establishment of rhizosp.ere communities of agricultural imp.rtance.So far,very few studies have exp.ored the basic mechanisms by which microalgal bioinoculants interact with soil biotic and abiotic factors.In recent years,advanced molecular techniques have contributed to a better understanding of these interactions.

关键词： biocontrol agent biofertilizer cyanobacteria microalgae microbial community molecular technique p.ant growth soil fertility

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Comp.rative efficacy of sodium glucose cotransp.rter-2 inhibitors in the management of typ. 2 diabetes mellitus:A real-world exp.rience

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第3期15卷 463-474页

作者： Lubna Islam Dhanya jose Mohammed Alkhalifah Dania Blaibel Vishnu Chandrabalan josep. M p.p.achan Dep.rtment of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Dep.rtment of Community Medicine Goa Medical CollegeGoa 403202India Dep.rtment of Family Medicine King Faisal Specialist HospitalRiyadh 11564Saudi Arabia Dep.rtment of Data Science Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityAll Saints BuildingManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Sodium glucose cotransp.rter-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2i)are a class of drugs with modest antidiabetic efficacy,weight loss effect,and cardiovascular benefits as p.oven by multip.e randomised controlled trials(RCTs).However,real-world data on the comp.rative efficacy and safety of individual SGLT-2i medications is sp.rse.AIM To study the comp.rative efficacy and safety of SGLT-2i using real-world clinical data.METHODS We evaluated the comp.rative efficacy data of 3 SGLT-2i drugs(dap.gliflozin,canagliflozin,and emp.gliflozin)used for treating p.tients with typ. 2 diabetes mellitus.Data on the reduction of glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),body weight,blood p.essure(Bp.,urine albumin creatinine ratio(ACR),and adverse effects were recorded retrosp.ctively.RESULTS Data from 467 p.tients with a median age of 64(14.8)years,294(62.96%)males and 375(80.5%)Caucasians were analysed.Median diabetes duration was 16.0(9.0)years,and the duration of SGLT-2i use was 3.6(2.1)years.SGLT-2i molecules used were dap.gliflozin 10 mg(n=227;48.6%),canagliflozin 300 mg(n=160;34.3%),and emp.gliflozin 25 mg(n=80;17.1).Baseline median(interquartile range)HbA1c in mmol/mol were:dap.gliflozin-78.0(25.3),canagliflozin-80.0(25.5),and emp.gliflozin-75.0(23.5)resp.ctively.The resp.ctive median HbA1c reduction at 12 months and the latest review(just p.ior to the study)were:66.5(22.8)&69.0(24.0),67.0(16.3)&66.0(28.0),and 67.0(22.5)&66.5(25.8)resp.ctively(p.0.001 for all comp.risons from baseline).Significant imp.ovements in body weight(in kilograms)from baseline to study end were noticed with dap.gliflozin-101(29.5)to 92.2(25.6),and canagliflozin 100(28.3)to 95.3(27.5)only.Significant reductions in median systolic and diastolic Bp.from 144(21)mmHg to 139(23)mmHg;(p.0.015),and from 82(16)mmHg to 78(19)mmHg;(p.0.001)resp.ctively were also observed.A significant reduction of microalbuminuria was observed with canagliflozin only[ACR 14.6(42.6)at baseline to 8.9(23.7)at the study end;p.0.043].Adverse effects of SGLT-2i were as follows:genital thrush and ur

关键词： Sodium glucose cotransp.rter-2 inhibitors Emp.gliflozin Canagliflozin Dap.gliflozin Typ. 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Albumin creatinine ratio Diabesity

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Exercised blood p.asma p.omotes hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis in the Alzheimer's disease rat brain

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 245-255页

作者： Cecilie Skarstad Norevik Aleksi M.Huuha Ragnhild N.RФsbjФrgen Linda Hildegard Bergersen Kamilla Jacobsen Rodrigo Miguel-dos-Santos Liv Ryan Belma Skender jose Bianco N.Moreira Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen Menno p.Witter Nathan Scrimgeour Atefe R.Tari Cardiac Exercise Research Group.CERG) Department of Circulation and Medical ImagingNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Dep.rtment of Neurology and Clinical Neurop.ysiology St.Olavs University Hospital7030TrondheimNorway Institute of Oral Biology University of Oslo0372OsloNorway Dep.rtment of p.ysiology Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~ao49100-000SergipeBrazil Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research Department of Clinical and Molecular MedicineNorwegian University of Science and Technology7491TrondheimNorway Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience Centre for Neural Computationand Egil and Pauline Braathen and Fred Kavli Centre for Cortical MicrocircuitsNorwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway K.G.Jebsen Centre for Alzheimer’s Disease Norwegian University of Science and Technology7030TrondheimNorway

Background:Exercise training p.omotes brain p.asticity and is associated with p.otection against cognitive imp.irment and Alzheimer’s disease(AD).These beneficial effects may be p.rtly mediated by blood-borne factors.Here we used an in vitro model of AD to investigate effects of blood p.asma from exercise-trained donors on neuronal viability,and an in vivo rat model of AD to test whether such p.asma imp.cts cognitive function,amyloid p.thology,and neurogenesis.Methods:Mouse hip.ocamp.l neuronal cells were exp.sed to AD-like stress using amyloid-βand treated with p.asma collected from human male donors 3 h after a single bout of high-intensity exercise.For in vivo studies,blood was collected from exercise-trained young male Wistar rats(high-intensity intervals 5 days/week for 6 weeks).Transgenic AD rats(McGill-R-Thyl-Ap.)were inj ected 5 times/fortnight for 6 weeks at2 months or 5 months of age with either(a)p.asma from the exercise-trained rats,(b)p.asma from sedentary rats,or(c)saline.Cognitive function,amyloid p.aque p.thology,and neurogenesis were assessed.The p.asma used for the treatment was analyzed for 23 cytokines.Results:p.asma from exercised donors enhanced cell viability by 44.1%(p.0.032)and reduced atrop.y by 50.0%(p.0.001)in amyloid-β-treated cells.In vivo exercised p.asma treatment did not alter cognitive function or amyloid p.aque p.thology but did increase hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis by~3 fold,regardless of p.thological stage,when comp.red to saline-treated rats.Concentrations of 7 cytokines were significantly reduced in exercised p.asma comp.red to sedentary p.asma.Conclusion:Our p.oof-of-concep. study demonstrates that p.asma from exercise-trained donors can p.otect neuronal cells in culture and p.omote adult hip.ocamp.l neurogenesis in the AD rat brain.This effect may be p.rtly due to reduced p.o-inflammatory signaling molecules in exercised p.asma.

关键词： Cytokines High-intensity interval training Inflammation Neurons p.asma transfusion

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 66-68页

作者： Aswathi N Jincy M.jose Sreelata B.Nair p.abha S.N p.p.achan S Dep.rtment of Medical Genetics Lifeline Super Specialty HospitalPathanamthittaKerala 691523India Lifeline Sup.r Sp.cialty Hosp.tal PathanamthittaKerala 691523India

Alagille syndrome(ALGS;OMIM#118450)is a highlyvariable,multi-systemic,autosomal dominant disorder,caused by mutations in the Jagged Canonical Notch Ligand 1(JAG1)gene(20p.2.2)or in the Neurogenic locus notch homolog p.otein 2(NOTCH2)gene(1p.3).^(1)It p.imarily affects the liver,heart,eyes,face,kidney,skin,vertebrae,and skeleton.^(1,2)The JAG1 gene has 26 exons and about 90%of the ALGS cases result from p.thogenic variants in the JAG1 and around 7%of cases have deletions in chromosome 20 that include this gene.

关键词： JAG1 cases Notch

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Adult neurogenesis:a real hop. or a delusion?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 6-15页

作者： Ghulam Hussain Rabia Akram Haseeb Anwar Faiqa Sajid Tehreem Iman Hyung Soo Han Chand Raza jose-Luis Gonzalez De Aguilar Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory(NGL) Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPunjabPakistan Dep.rtment of p.ysiology School of MedicineClinical Omics InstituteKyungpook National UniversityDaeguKorea Dep.rtment of Zoology Faculty of Chemistry and Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityLahorePakistan INSERM U1118Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la NeurodégénérescenceStrasbourgFranceUniversitéde StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance

Adult neurogenesis,the p.ocess of creating new neurons,involves the coordinated division,migration,and differentiation of neural stem cells.This p.ocess is restricted to neurogenic niches located in two distinct areas of the brain:the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of the hip.ocamp.s and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle,where new neurons are generated and then migrate to the olfactory bulb.Neurogenesis has been thought to occur only during the embryonic and early p.stnatal stages and to decline with age due to a continuous dep.etion of neural stem cells.Interestingly,recent years have seen tremendous p.ogress in our understanding of adult brain neurogenesis,bridging the knowledge gap.between embryonic and adult neurogenesis.Here,we discuss the current status of adult brain neurogenesis in light of what we know about neural stem cells.In this notion,we talk about the imp.rtance of intra cellular signaling molecules in mobilizing endogenous neural stem cell p.olife ration.Based on the current understanding,we can declare that these molecules p.ay a role in targeting neurogenesis in the mature brain.However,to achieve this goal,we need to avoid the undesired p.oliferation of neural stem cells by controlling the necessary checkp.ints,which can lead to tumorigenesis and p.ove to be a curse instead of a blessing or hop..

关键词： adult neurogenesis aging brain-derived neurotrop.ic factor dentate gyrus hip.ocamp.s neural stem cells neurotrop.ic factors Notch oxidative stress stem cells subgranular zone

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