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Extremely thin but very robust:Surprising cryptogam trait combinations at the end of the leaf economics spectrum

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Plant Diversity 2024年第5期46卷 621-629页

作者： Tana Wuyun Lu Zhang Tiina Tosens Bin Liu Kristiina Mark joséÁngel Morales-Sanchez Jesamine Jöneva Rikisahedew Vivian Kuusk Ülo Niinemets Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life SciencesKreutzwaldi 1Tartu 51014Estonia College of Landscape and Architecture Zhejiang A&F University666 Wusu StreetHangzhou 311300China Estonian Academy of Sciences Kohtu 6Tallinn 10130Estonia

Leaf economics spectrum(LES)describes the fundamental trade-offs between leaf structural,chemical,and physiological ***,structurally robust thick leaves with high leaf dry mass per unit area(LMA)exhibit lower photosynthetic capacity per dry mass(Amass).Paradoxically,“soft and thinleaved”mosses and spikemosses have very low Amass,but due to minute-size foliage elements,their LMA and its components,leaf thickness(LT)and density(LD),have not been systematically ***,we characterized LES and associated traits in cryptogams in unprecedented details,covering five evolutionarily different *** found that mosses and spikemosses had the lowest LMA and LT values ever measured for terrestrial *** a broad range of species from different lineages,Amass and LD were negatively *** contrast,Amass was only related to LMA when LMA was greater than 14 g cm^(-2).In fact,low Amass reflected high LD and cell wall thickness in the studied *** conclude that evolutionarily old plant lineages attained poorly differentiated,ultrathin mesophyll by increasing *** plant lineages,LD,not LMA,is the trait that represents the trade-off between leaf robustness and physiology in the LES.

关键词： Investment strategy Leaf density Leaf structural traits LMA estimation bias Non-seed plants Trait trade-offs

Calculation of Two-Tailed Exact Probability in the Wald-Wolfowitz One-Sample Runs Test

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2024年第1期12卷 89-114页

作者： josé Moral De La Rubia School of Psychology Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Monterrey Nuevo León México

The objectives of this paper are to demonstrate the algorithms employed by three statistical software programs (R, Real Statistics using Excel, and SPSS) for calculating the exact two-tailed probability of the Wald-Wolfowitz one-sample runs test for randomness, to present a novel approach for computing this probability, and to compare the four procedures by generating samples of 10 and 11 data points, varying the parameters n0 (number of zeros) and n1 (number of ones), as well as the number of runs. Fifty-nine samples are created to replicate the behavior of the distribution of the number of runs with 10 and 11 data points. The exact two-tailed probabilities for the four procedures were compared using Friedman’s test. Given the significant difference in central tendency, post-hoc comparisons were conducted using Conover’s test with Benjamini-Yekutielli correction. It is concluded that the procedures of Real Statistics using Excel and R exhibit some inadequacies in the calculation of the exact two-tailed probability, whereas the new proposal and the SPSS procedure are deemed more suitable. The proposed robust algorithm has a more transparent rationale than the SPSS one, albeit being somewhat more conservative. We recommend its implementation for this test and its application to others, such as the binomial and sign test.

关键词： Randomness Nonparametric Test Exact Probability Small Samples Quantiles

Utilizing neural networks to supplant chemical kinetics tabulation through mass conservation and weighting of species depletion

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 101-110页

作者： Franz M.Rohrhofer Stefan Posch Clemens Gößnitzer joséM.García-Oliver Bernhard C.Geiger Know-Center GmbH Sandgasse 36Graz8010StyriaAustria LEC GmbH Inffeldgasse 19Graz8010StyriaAustria Universitat Politècnica de València Camíde VeraValència46022ValènciaSpain

Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)have emerged as a powerful tool in combustion simulations to replace memory-intensive tabulation of integrated chemical *** reaction mechanisms,however,present a challenge for standard ANN approaches as modeling multiple species typically suffers from inaccurate predictions on minor *** paper presents a novel ANN approach which can be applied on complex reaction mechanisms in tabular data form,and only involves training a single ANN for a complete reaction *** approach incorporates a network architecture that automatically conserves mass and employs a particular loss weighting based on species *** modifications are used to improve the overall ANN performance and individual prediction accuracies,especially for minor species mass *** validate its effectiveness,the approach is compared to standard ANNs in terms of performance and ANN *** distinct reaction mechanisms(H_(2),C_(7)H_(16),C_(12)H_(26),OME_(34))are used as a test cases,and results demonstrate that considerable improvements can be achieved by applying both modifications.

关键词： Neural network approach Chemical kinetics Flamelet tabulation Mass conservation Species loss weighting

Rice University Rule to Determine the Number of Bins

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第1期14卷 119-149页

作者： josé Moral De La Rubia School of Psychology Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Monterrey Mexico

This study aims to establish a rationale for the Rice University rule in determining the number of bins in a histogram. It is grounded in the Scott and Freedman-Diaconis rules. Additionally, the accuracy of the empirical histogram in reproducing the shape of the distribution is assessed with respect to three factors: the rule for determining the number of bins (square root, Sturges, Doane, Scott, Freedman-Diaconis, and Rice University), sample size, and distribution type. Three measures are utilized: the average distance between empirical and theoretical histograms, the level of recognition by an expert judge, and the accuracy index, which is composed of the two aforementioned measures. Mean comparisons are conducted with aligned rank transformation analysis of variance for three fixed-effects factors: sample size (20, 35, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000), distribution type (10 types), and empirical rule to determine the number of bins (6 rules). From the accuracy index, Rice’s rule improves with increasing sample size and is independent of distribution type. It outperforms the Friedman-Diaconis rule but falls short of Scott’s rule, except with the arcsine distribution. Its profile of means resembles the square root rule concerning distributions and Doane’s rule concerning sample sizes. These profiles differ from those of the Scott and Friedman-Diaconis rules, which resemble each other. Among the seven rules, Scott’s rule stands out in terms of accuracy, except for the arcsine distribution, and the square root rule is the least accurate.

关键词： Histogram Class Intervals Accuracy Distributions Descriptive Statistics

Measures of Variability for Qualitative Variables Using the R Software

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第3期14卷 259-293页

作者： josé Moral de la Rubia School of Psychology Universidad Autnoma de Nuevo Len Monterrey Mexico

Although there are many measures of variability for qualitative variables, they are little used in social research, nor are they included in statistical software. The aim of this article is to present six measures of variation for qualitative variables of simple calculation, as well as to facilitate their use by means of the R software. The measures considered are, on the one hand, Freemans variation ratio, Morals universal variation ratio, Kvalseths standard deviation from the mode, and Wilcoxs variation ratio which are most affected by proximity to a constant random variable, where the measures of variability for qualitative variables reach their minimum value of 0. On the other hand, the Gibbs-Poston index of qualitative variation and Shannons relative entropy are included, which are more affected by the proximity to a uniform distribution, where the measures of variability for qualitative variables reach their maximum value of 1. Point and interval estimation are addressed. Bootstrap by the percentile and bias-corrected and accelerated percentile methods are used to obtain confidence intervals. Two calculation situations are presented: with a sample mode and with two or more modes. The standard deviation from the mode among the six considered measures, and the universal variation ratio among the three variation ratios, are particularly recommended for use.

关键词： Variation Ratio Relative Entropy Index of Qualitative Variation Standard Deviation from Mode Bootstrap Confidence Interval

Tribologically induced nanostructural evolution of carbon materials: A new perspective

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 144-163页

作者： Guilherme Oliveira NEVES Nicolás ARAYA Diego Berti SALVARO Thiago de Souza LAMIM Renan Oss GIACOMELLI Cristiano BINDER Aloisio Nelmo KLEIN joséDaniel Biasoli de MELLO Laboratório de Materiais Universidade Federal de Santa CatarinaSanta Catarina 88040-900Brazil Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad del Bío-BíoConcepcion 4070-386Chile Universidad de Concepción Concepcion 4070-386Chile SENAI Innovation Institute for Laser Processing Santa Catarina 89218-153Brazil Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Minas Gerais 38408-100Brazil

Carbon-based solid lubricants are excellent options to reduce friction and wear,especially with the carbon capability to adopt different allotropes *** the macroscale,these materials are sheared on the contact along with debris and contaminants to form tribolayers that govern the tribosystem *** a recently developed advanced Raman analysis on the tribolayers,it was possible to quantify the contactinduced defects in the crystalline structure of a wide range of allotropes of carbon-based solid lubricants,from graphite and carbide-derived carbon particles to multi-layer graphene and carbon *** addition,these materials were tested under various dry sliding conditions,with different geometries,topographies,and solid-lubricant application *** of the initial tribosystem conditions and allotrope level of atomic ordering,there is a remarkable trend of increasing the point and line defects density until a specific saturation limit in the same order of magnitude for all the materials tested.

关键词： carbon nanostructures tribology Raman spectroscopy defects quantification tribolayer solid lubrication

Organizational Resilience:A Key Factor for Business Survival and Value Creation-A Secondary Publication

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Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies 2024年第2期7卷 245-253页

作者： joséDidier Váquiro Capera The University Foundation of the Andean Region PereiraColombia

The lodging and restaurant services sector in the city of Pereira presents complex situations generated by the turbulence of the new business *** that survive the new challenges and those recently established require strategies that allow them to extend their life ***,the study aims to identify how to apply resilience and management disciplines in a tool that allows companies in the sector under study to sufficiently face situations of high *** this objective requires knowing the causes of the short life span of many companies,identifying how surviving companies articulate management disciplines with their strategic objectives,and analyzing the possibility of formulating an organizational model based on resilience as a *** methodology applied was *** sample was simply random;23 companies were analyzed through structured interviews and participant *** the most significant results:the deficient application of management disciplines was identified as an important cause of company closures;the level of acceptance to implement the practice of resilience and management disciplines in companies;and the way to apply resilience and management disciplines in an instrument that builds *** was concluded that an organizational model should be formulated where resilience and management disciplines are applied to face times of crisis.

关键词： Resilience Financial management Risk management Information management Knowledge management

From liver to hormones:The endocrine consequences of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1073-1095页

作者： Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio María del Carmen Durand-Vásquez Luciana del Pilar Rafael-Robles Jhean Gabriel Gonzáles-Yovera María Alejandra Quispe-Flores Luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga Alejandro Román-González josé Paz-Ibarra Marcio josé Concepción-Zavaleta Non-communicable Diseases Endocrinology Research LineHospital de Apoyo ChepénChepén 13871Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Víctor Lazarte EchegarayTrujillo 13006Peru Department of Endocrinology Clínica Javier PradoLima 15046Peru Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara IrigoyénLima 15018Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital de Emergencias GrauLima 15001Peru Internal Medicine Hospital Regional Docente de TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Universitario de San Vicente FundaciónMedellin 050010Colombia Internal Medicine Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín 050010Colombia School of Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLima 15072Peru Carrera de Medicina Humana Universidad Científica del SurLima 15067Peru

Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine *** liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis *** its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently *** article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver *** review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 *** cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary *** optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,*** can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging *** options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes *** standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine *** transplantation can address some of these problems.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia Thyroid diseases Hypogonadism Metabolic bone diseases Liver cirrhosis

Nuclear phylogenomics of Asteraceae with increased sampling provides new insights into convergent morphological and molecular evolution

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Plant Communications 2024年第6期5卷 117-138页

作者： Guojin Zhang Junbo Yang Caifei Zhang Bohan Jiao joséL.Panero Jie Cai Zhi-Rong Zhang Lian-Ming Gao Tiangang Gao Hong Ma College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China Department of Biology the Huck Institute of the Life Sciencesthe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePA 16801USA State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Wuhan Botanical Garden and Sino-Africa Joint Research Center Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Integrative Biology University of TexasAustinTX 78712USA CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Lijiang National Forest Biodiversity National Observation and Research Station Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesLijiangYunnan 674100China

Convergent morphological evolution is widespread in flowering plants,and understanding this phenomenon relies on well-resolved *** phylogenetic reconstruction using transcriptome datasets has been successful in various angiosperm groups,but it is limited to taxa with available fresh ***,which are one of the two largest angiosperm families and are important for both ecosystems and human livelihood,show multiple examples of convergent *** Asteraceae phylogenies have resolved relationships among most subfamilies and many tribes,but many phylogenetic and evolutionary questions regarding subtribes and genera remain,owing to limited ***,we increased the sampling for Asteraceae phylogenetic reconstruction using transcriptomes and genome-skimming datasets and produced nuclear phylogenetic trees with 706 species representing two-thirds of recognized *** character reconstruction supports multiple convergent evolutionary events in Asteraceae,with gains and losses of bilateral floral symmetry correlated with diversification of some subfamilies and smaller groups,*** of the calyx-related pappus may have been especially important for the success of some subtribes and *** evolutionary analyses support the likely contribution of duplications of MADS-box and TCP floral regulatory genes to innovations in floral morphology,including capitulum inflorescences and bilaterally symmetric flowers,potentially promoting the diversification of *** divergences and reductions in CYC2 gene expression are related to the gain and loss of zygomorphic *** phylogenomic work with greater taxon sampling through inclusion of genome-skimming datasets reveals the feasibility of expanded evolutionary analyses using DNA samples for understanding convergent evolution.

关键词： sunflower family floral symmetry florets capitulescence molecular clock ancestral character pappus subtribe MADS-box TCP CYC2 gene family gene expression