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Orbital-scale Asian summer monsoon variations:Paradox and exploration

Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第4期64卷 529-544页

作者： Hai CHENG Haiwei ZHANG Yanjun CAI Zhengguo SHI Liang YI Chenglong DENG Qingzhen HAO Youbing PENG Ashish SINHA Hanying LI Jingyao ZHAO Ye TIAN jonathan baker Carlos PEREZ-MEJIAS Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiao tong UniversityXi'an 710054China State Key Laboratory^of Loess and Quaternary Geology1 Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics Ministry of Land and ResourcesInstitute of Karst GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesGuilin 541004China State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Earth Sciences California State University Dominguez HillsCarson 90747USA

The Asian summer monsoon(ASM) is a vast climate system, whose variability is critical to the livelihoods of billions of people across the Asian continent. During the past half-century, much progress has been made in understanding variations on a wide range of timescales, yet several significant issues remain unresolved. Of note are two long-standing problems concerning orbital-scale variations of the ASM.(1) Chinese loess magnetic susceptibility records show a persistent glacial-interglacial dominated ~100 kyr(thousand years) periodicity, while the cave oxygen-isotope(δ18 O) records reveal periodicity in an almost pure precession band(~20 kyr periodicity)—the "Chinese 100 kyr problem".(2) ASM records from the Arabian Sea and other oceans surrounding the Asian continent show a significant lag of 8–10 kyr to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation(NHSI), whereas the Asian cave δ18 O records follow NHSI without a significant lag—a discrepancy termed the "sea-land precession-phase paradox". How can we reconcile these differences? Recent and more refined model simulations now provide spatial patterns of rainfall and wind across the precession cycle, revealing distinct regional divergences in the ASM domain, which can well explain a large portion of the disparities between the loess, marine, and cave proxy records. Overall, we also find that the loess, marine, and cave records are indeed complementary rather than incompatible, with each record preferentially describing a certain aspect of ASM dynamics. Our study provides new insight into the understanding of different hydroclimatic proxies and largely reconciles the "Chinese 100 kyr problem" and "sea-land precession-phase paradox".

关键词： ASM Orbital cycles Precession phase Different climatic proxies

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日粮中木聚糖、低聚木糖和木聚糖酶对单胃动物肠道健康和生长性能的影响(续2)

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2023年第6期43卷 93-98页

作者：张相鑫(译) 靳文广(校) 王晶晶(审) 孟祥光(制表) jonathan T baker Marcos E Duarte Debora M Holanda Sung Woo Kim 不详

日粮中添加木聚糖酶是猪和家禽生产中的常见做法,可以降低肠道黏度,提高营养物质的消化利用率。由于多种因素的影响,添加木聚糖酶的效果差异很大,其中一个因素是常见饲料中存在木聚糖酶抑制剂。本章节总结了木聚糖酶对猪和家禽生长和健... 详细信息

日粮中添加木聚糖酶是猪和家禽生产中的常见做法,可以降低肠道黏度,提高营养物质的消化利用率。由于多种因素的影响,添加木聚糖酶的效果差异很大,其中一个因素是常见饲料中存在木聚糖酶抑制剂。本章节总结了木聚糖酶对猪和家禽生长和健康影响的研究现状。在猪和家禽饲料中添加木聚糖酶的效果变化很大,其益处究竟是来自非淀粉多糖(non-starch polysaccharide,NSP)中营养物质的释放、食糜黏度的降低、短链低聚木糖的产生,还是这些益处的综合结果,目前仍存在疑问。

关键词：肠道健康生长性能家禽猪木聚糖酶

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日粮中木聚糖、低聚木糖和木聚糖酶对单胃动物肠道健康和生长性能的影响

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2023年第4期43卷 117-122页

作者：张相鑫(译) 靳文广(校) jonathan T.baker Marcos E.Duarte Debora M.Holanda Sung Woo Kim 不详

存在于动物饲料中的木聚糖,已被证明会导致食糜黏度增加,从而降低营养物质的消化率和动物的生长性能。低聚木糖是由木糖单元组成的糖低聚物,可以从生物材料中提取和纯化,用作单胃动物饲料的益生元。低聚木糖也可以在动物肠道或体外通过... 详细信息

存在于动物饲料中的木聚糖,已被证明会导致食糜黏度增加,从而降低营养物质的消化率和动物的生长性能。低聚木糖是由木糖单元组成的糖低聚物,可以从生物材料中提取和纯化,用作单胃动物饲料的益生元。低聚木糖也可以在动物肠道或体外通过水解木聚糖获得。日粮中添加木聚糖酶和低聚木糖对单胃动物肠道健康和生产性能的影响,以及两者的关系仍存在争论。常见谷物中会存在木聚糖酶抑制剂,且变化很大,这是另一个需要克服的障碍。随着对细菌耐药性担忧的加剧,在不使用抗生素的情况下改善动物的生长性能和肠道健康的新方法也越来越多。本综述总结了饲料中木聚糖的结构差异及其影响,各种木聚糖酶的分类和使用,以及低聚木糖的生产和使用对单胃动物肠道健康和生长性能的生理影响。本综述讨论了木聚糖的结构差异和作用、低聚木糖的生产流程及其在动物饲料中的应用。木聚糖是一种非淀粉多糖,具有β-1,4-糖苷键连接的吡喃木糖主链。由于木聚糖家族的聚合物上可取代的残基很多,某些类型的木聚糖是饲料中主要的抗营养因子。低聚木糖是从含木聚糖的木质纤维素(如农作物秸秆、木材和草本生物质)中提取的糖低聚物,具有益生元作用。当饲料中添加木聚糖酶等外源性酶时,单胃动物的肠道可以在一定程度上产生低聚木糖。添加木聚糖酶可以降低肠道食糜黏度,提高营养物质的消化利用率。由于多种因素的影响,添加木聚糖酶的效果差异很大,其中一个因素是常见饲料中存在木聚糖酶抑制剂。益生元在动物饲养中越来越受欢迎,因为生产者希望加快动物生长速度,增强肠道健康并改善其他生产参数,从而生产安全、可持续的食品。本综述还总结了木聚糖、低聚木糖以及木聚糖酶对猪和家禽生长和健康影响的研究现状。在猪和家禽饲料中添加木聚糖酶的效果变化很大,其益处究竟是来自营养物质的释放、食糜黏度的降低、短链低聚木糖的产生,还是这些益处的综合结果,目前仍存在疑问。在不同生产阶段以及不同的低聚木糖纯度和聚合度下,添加低聚木糖似乎对猪和家禽都有益处;然而,还需要进一步的研究来阐明合适的剂量、纯度和聚合度,从而对每个物种的肠道健康和生产性能产生益处。

关键词：肠道健康生长性能家禽益生元猪低聚木糖

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日粮中木聚糖、低聚木糖和木聚糖酶对单胃动物肠道健康和生长性能的影响(续1)

引用

国外畜牧学:猪与禽 2023年第5期43卷 98-102页

作者：张相鑫(译) 靳文广(校) 王晶晶(审) 孟祥光(制图表) jonathan T baker Marcos E Duarte Debora M Holanda Sung Woo Kim 不详

低聚木糖是由木糖单元组成的糖低聚物,可以从生物材料中提取和纯化,用作单胃动物饲料的益生元。低聚木糖也可以在动物肠道或体外通过水解木聚糖获得。本综述章节讨论了低聚木糖可以从含木聚糖的木质纤维素(如农作物秸秆、木材和草本生物... 详细信息

低聚木糖是由木糖单元组成的糖低聚物,可以从生物材料中提取和纯化,用作单胃动物饲料的益生元。低聚木糖也可以在动物肠道或体外通过水解木聚糖获得。本综述章节讨论了低聚木糖可以从含木聚糖的木质纤维素(如农作物秸秆、木材和草本生物质)中提取,还总结了低聚木糖对猪和家禽的生长和健康影响的研究现状。在不同生产阶段以及不同的低聚木糖纯度和聚合度下,添加低聚木糖似乎对猪和家禽都有益处;然而,还需要进一步的研究来阐明合适的剂量、纯度和聚合度,从而对每个物种的肠道健康和生产性能产生益处。

关键词：肠道健康生长性能家禽益生元猪低聚木糖

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Outpatient insulin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute respiratory distress syndrome outcomes:A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 2966-2975页

作者： Georges Khattar Samer Asmar Laurence Aoun Fares Saliba Shaza Almardini Saif Abu baker Catherine Hong Carolla El Chamieh Fadi Haddadin Toni Habib Omar Mourad Zeina Morcos Fatema Arafa jonathan Mina Khalil El Gharib Mohammad Aldalahmeh Salman Khan Elie Bou Sanayeh Department of Medicine Holy Spirit University of KaslikJounieh 00000Lebanon Department of Internal Medicine Staten Island University HospitalStaten IslandNY 10305United States Public Heath and Biostatistics Independent ResearchBeirut 0000Lebanon Department of Medicine Lebanese UniversityBeirut 00000Lebanon Department of Medicine University of BalamandBeirut 00000Lebanon Department of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityBeirut 00000Lebanon Department of Medicine Northwell Health Staten Island University HospitalNew YorkNY 10305United States

BACKGROUND The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)on acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is debatable.T2DM was suspected to reduce the risk and complications of ***,during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),T2DM predisposed patients to ARDS,especially those who were on insulin at *** evaluate the impact of outpatient insulin use in T2DM patients on non-COVID-19 ARDS *** We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample *** patients diagnosed with ARDS were stratified into insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(DM)(IDDM)and non-insulindependent DM(NIDDM)*** applying exclusion criteria and matching over 20 variables,we compared cohorts for mortality,duration of mechanical ventilation,incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI),length of stay(LOS),hospitalization costs,and other clinical *** Following 1:1 propensity score matching,the analysis included 274 patients in each ***,no statistically significant differences emerged between the IDDM and NIDDM groups in terms of mortality rates(32.8%vs 31.0%,P=0.520),median hospital LOS(10 d,P=0.537),requirement for mechanical ventilation,incidence rates of sepsis,pneumonia or AKI,median total hospitalization costs,or patient disposition upon *** Compared to alternative anti-diabetic medications,outpatient insulin treatment does not appear to exert an independent influence on in-hospital morbidity or mortality in diabetic patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS.

关键词： Acute respiratory distress syndrome Type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin Length of stay Mortality Endotracheal intubation Acute kidney injury Coronavirus disease 2019

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Drug Repurposing for the Treatment of Mycobacterium abscessus Infections

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感染微生物与疾病(英文) 2023年第3期5卷 101-110页

作者： Emily J.baker Antonia Molloy jonathan A.G.Cox School of Life and Health Sciences Aston UniversityAston TriangleBirminghamUK.

With the ever-increasing burden of antimicrobial resistance,the demand to introduce countermeasures becomes increasingly *** urgency of this need is intensified by the void in antibiotic discovery,with the identification of novel compounds declining with *** increasing concern is Mycobacterium abscessus,which displays high levels of intrinsic resistance that lead to poor success rates,even after lengthy drug *** tackling these issues is now focused on the repurposing of preexisting drugs for antimycobacterial use,facilitating the discovery of antimicrobial compounds amidst a crisis where novel antibiotics are *** of this includes the use of combination treatments,whereby coadministration of synergistic compounds can reduce dose requirements and slow the progression of antimicrobial resistance in the long *** this review,we will introduce the current therapeutic options for *** and provide insight into why treatment is so *** will also compile the current updates within drug repurposing for this pathogen,including the use of unconventional agents such as antimalarial drugs,the repositioning of antitubercu-losis candidates and the repurposing of preexisting antibiotics,including the application of combination *** addition,the in vitro drug screening platforms used in their discovery will be appraised,with the view of highlighting potential future perspectives that may help increase physiological *** review provides a timely appraisal of the future of *** treatment.

关键词： drug repurposing Mycobacterium abscessus antimycobacterial drug discovery antimicrobials

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美国核聚变技术取得突破能源梦想初见曙光

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商业周刊（中文版） 2022年第24期 37-38页

作者： Ari Natter Will Wade David R baker jonathan Tirone 邵璐宁(译) 不详

在历经50多年的挫折失败后,核聚变技术终于向成为世界最新能源迈出了坚实的一步。美国能源部12月13日表示,加利福尼亚州一个实验室的科学家首次在核聚变反应中实现了产生的能量超过引发核聚变所需的能量。这个具有里程碑意义的成功给人... 详细信息

在历经50多年的挫折失败后,核聚变技术终于向成为世界最新能源迈出了坚实的一步。美国能源部12月13日表示,加利福尼亚州一个实验室的科学家首次在核聚变反应中实现了产生的能量超过引发核聚变所需的能量。这个具有里程碑意义的成功给人们带来了希望:也许在几十年后的某一天,全球经济的运行将依靠无碳电力,其发电原理与太阳产生能量的过程如出一辙。

关键词：美国能源部核聚变反应加利福尼亚州发电原理实验室里程碑意义能源

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Remodeling of the plasma for sperm-egg recognition： proteins membrane in preparation roles of acrosomal

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 574-582页

作者： Nongnuj Tanphaichitr Kessiri Kongmanas Hathairat Kruevaisayawan Arpornrad Saewu Clarissa Sugeng Jason Fernandes Puneet Souda jonathan B Angel Kym F Faull R John Aitken Julian Whitelegge Daniel Hardy Trish Berger Mark baker Chronic Disease Program Ottawa Hospital ResearchInstitute Ottawa Ontario Canada Department ofObstetrics and Gynaecology University of OttawaOntario Canada Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Immunology University of OttawaOntario Canada Department of Anatomy Faculty ofMedical Sciences Naresuan University PhitsanulokThailand Division of Infectious Diseases OttawaHospital - General Campus Ottawa Ontario Canada Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory Universityof California Los Angeles California USA TheARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology andDevelopment School of Environmental and LifeSciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NewSouth Wales Australia Department of Cell Biologyand Biochemistry Health Sciences Center Texas TechUniversity Texas USA Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of California Davis California USA

The interaction of sperm with the egg＇s extracellular matrix, the zona pellucida （ZP） is the first step of the union between male and female gametes. The molecular mechanisms of this process have been studied for the past six decades with the results obtained being both interesting and confusing. In this article, we describe our recent work, which attempts to address two lines of questions from previous studies. First, because there are numerous ZP binding proteins reported byvarious researchers, how do these proteins act together in sperm-ZP interaction？ Second, why do a number of acrosomal proteins have ZP affinity？ Are they involved mainly in the initial sperm-ZP binding or rather in anchoring acrosome reacting/reacted spermatozoa to the ZP？ Our studies reveal that a number of ZP binding proteins and chaperones, extracted from the anterior sperm head plasma membrane, coexist as high molecular weight （HMW） complexes, and that these complexes in capacitated spermatozoa have preferential ability to bind to the ZP. Zonadhesin （ZAN）, known as an acrosomal protein with ZP affinity, is one of these proteins in the HMW complexes. Immunoprecipitation indicates that ZAN interacts with other acrosomal proteins, proacrosin/acrosin and sp32 （ACRBP）, also present in the HMW complexes. Immunodetection of ZAN and proacrosin/acrosin on spermatozoa further indicates that both proteins traffic to the sperm head surface during capacitation where the sperm acrosomal matrix is still intact, and therefore they are likely involved in the initial sperm-ZP binding step.

关键词： SPERM CAPACITATION ANDSPERM-ZONA PELLUCIDAINTERACTION- BACKGROUND ANDCONFUSION IN THE FIELDS

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Type 2 diabetes:Challenges facing GPs

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2018年第1期6卷 26-31页

作者： Lili Huo jonathan E.Shaw Department of Endocrinology Beijing Jishuitan HospitalBeijingChina Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneAustralia Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia

China faces a huge task in managing the large numbers of people with *** care is at the forefront of this challenge,and needs to begin to adopt some of the management and organizational approaches that have been shown... 详细信息

关键词： China type 2 diabetes general practitioners

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The Impact of Rubbernecking on Urban Freeway Traffic

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2014年第1期4卷 116-125页

作者： jonathan Masinick Hualiang Teng Nesley Orochena Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las Vegas USA Traffic Engineer at Michael baker Corporation Richmond USA

An incident influences traffic not only in the incident direction but also in the opposite direction. There has been a research on the influence of incidents on the traffic in the incident direction. However, the research relating to the influence on the opposite direction of traffic is rare. In this study, the impact of incidents on the traffic in the opposite direction was investigated, focusing on identifying the factors that influence the likelihood and traffic delay of rubbernecking. In the investigation, a database consisting of incident information, traffic and other related variables was developed. For each incident in the database, it determined whether the impact of rubbernecking on the opposite direction traffic was significant. Factors that influenced the likelihood of rubbernecking were identified based on developing a binary logit model. Traffic delays in the opposite direction due to accidents were also calculated. A linear regression model was developed from which the influencing factors on traffic delay were identified. Based on the study on the likelihood of rubbernecking and the associated traffic delay, effective countermeasures were developed.

关键词： Rubbernecking ITS Data Regression Modeling

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