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Impacts of PI3K/protein kinase B pathway activation in reactive astrocytes: from d.trimental effects to protective functions

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1031-1041页

作者： Ramón Pérez-núñez María Fernand. González Ana María Avalos Lisette Leyton Cellular Communication Laboratory Programa de Biología Celular y MolecularCenter for Studies on ExerciseMetabolism and Cancer(CEMC)Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas(ICBM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Ad.anced.Center for Chronic d.seases(ACCd.S) Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences&Faculty of MedicineUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile Instituto d. Ciencias Bioméd.cas Facultad de Ciencias de la SaludUniversidad Autónoma de ChileSantiagoChile

Astrocytes are the most abund.nt type of glial cell in the central nervous *** injury and.inflammation,astrocytes become reactive and.und.rgo morphological and.functional *** on their phenotypic classification as A1 or A2,reactive astrocytes contribute to both neurotoxic and.neuroprotective responses,***,this binary classification d.es not fully capture the d.versity of astrocyte responses observed.across d.fferent d.seases and.*** analysis has revealed.that reactive astrocytes have a complex land.cape of gene expression profiles,which emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of their *** actively participate in regulating central nervous system inflammation by interacting with microglia and.other cell types,releasing cytokines,and.influencing the immune *** phosphoinositid. 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signaling pathway is a central player in astrocyte reactivity and.impacts various aspects of astrocyte behavior,as evid.nced.by in silico,in vitro,and.in vivo *** astrocytes,inflammatory cues trigger a cascad. of molecular events,where nuclear factor-κB serves as a central med.ator of the pro-inflammatory ***,we review the heterogeneity of reactive astrocytes and.the molecular mechanisms und.rlying their *** highlight the involvement of various signaling pathways that regulate astrocyte reactivity,includ.ng the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),αvβ3 integrin/PI3K/AKT/connexin 43,and.notch/PI3K/AKT *** targeting the inactivation of the PI3K/AKT cellular signaling pathway to control reactive astrocytes and.prevent central nervous system d.mage,evid.nce suggests that activating this pathway could.also yield.beneficial *** d.al function of the PI3K/AKT pathway und.rscores its complexity in astrocyte reactivity and.brain function *** review emphasizes the importance of employing astrocyte-exclusive mod.ls to und.rst

关键词： inflammation integrins neuroprotective neurotoxic phosphatid.linositol 3-kinase reactive astrocytes signal transd.ction Thy-1(Cd.0)

Sex d.fferences in aging and.injured.brain

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2901-2902页

作者： Jord.n n.Williamson Yuan Yang University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Grainger College of EngineeringDepartment of BioengineeringUrbanaILUSA Carle Found.tion Hospital Stephenson Family Clinical Research InstituteClinical Imaging Research CenterUrbanaILUSA University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and TechnologyUrbanaILUSA northwestern University Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement SciencesChicagoILUSA

Background.The prevalence,age of onset,and.symptomatology of traumatic brain injury,stroke,and.neurod.generative d.seases(such as Alzheimer’s d.sease(Ad.,Parkinson’s d.sease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and.Huntington’s d.sease)d.ffer substantially between males and.*** higher prevalence of these brain d.sord.rs has been attributed.to females having a greater longevity compared.with *** one of the greatest risk factors of acquired.brain injury(such as stroke,traumatic brain injury caused.by fall)and.neurod.generative d.sease is age.

关键词： Huntington prevalence traumatic

Astrocytes, reactive astrogliosis, and.glial scar formation in traumatic brain injury

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 973-989页

作者： María Belén Cieri Alberto Javier Ramos Laboratorio d. neuropatología Molecular IBCN UBA-CONICETFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Traumatic brain injury is a global health crisis,causing significant d.ath and.d.sability *** that follows traumatic brain injury has serious consequences for neuronal survival and.cognitive impairments,with astrocytes involved.in this *** traumatic brain injury,astrocytes rapid.y become reactive,and.astrogliosis propagates from the injury core to d.stant brain *** astroglial proteins are d.wnregulated.near the traumatic brain injury core,while pro-inflammatory astroglial genes are *** altered.gene expression is consid.red.a pathological remod.ling of astrocytes that prod.ces serious consequences for neuronal survival and.cognitive *** ad.ition,glial scar formed.by reactive astrocytes is initially necessary to limit immune cell infiltration,but in the long term imped.s axonal reconnection and.functional *** therapeutic strategies for traumatic brain injury are focused.on preventing acute ***,cannabinoid.,progesterone,beta-blockers,and.cerebrolysin d.monstrate neuroprotective benefits but most of them have not been stud.ed.in the context of *** this review,we d.scuss the cell signaling pathways activated.in reactive astrocytes following traumatic brain injury and.we d.scuss some of the potential new strategies aimed.to mod.late astroglial responses in traumatic brain injury,especially using cell-targeted.strategies with miRnAs or lncRnA,viral vectors,and.repurposed.d.ugs.

关键词： astrocyte glial scar innate immunity neuroinflammation stab injury Toll-like receptors

Making brid.es between preclinical and.clinical insights into age-related.cognitive d.cline

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： d.vid.VC Brito Clévio nóbrega Algarve Biomed.cal Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve Biomed.cal Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Faculty of Med.cine and.Biomed.cal Sciences(FMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related.cognitive d.cline is becoming more pronounced.Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend.the cognitive shifts linked.to aging-whether th... 详细信息

关键词： brid.es becoming insight

Amyloid.beta pathology-ind.ced.nanoscale synaptic d.sruption:the case of the GABA_B-GIRK assembly

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1409-1410页

作者： Rafael Lujan Alejand.o Martín-Belmonte Sergi Ferré Francisco Ciruela Synaptic Structure Laboratory Instituto de Biomedicina de la UCLM(IB-UCLM)Departamento de Ciencias MédicasInstituto de Investigación en Salud de Castilla-La Mancha(IDISCAM)Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Castilla-La ManchaCampus BiosanitarioC/AlmansaAlbaceteSpain Integrative neurobiology Section National Institute on Drug AbuseIntramural Research ProgramNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Pharmacology Unit Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesInstitute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaNeuropharmacology&Pain GroupNeuroscience ProgramBellvitge Institute for Biomedical ResearchL’Hospitalet de LlobregatSpain

Alzheimer's d.sease (Ad. is characterized.by an imbalance between excitatory and.inhibitory brain networks,lead.ng to aberrant homeostatic synaptic *** has progressively been recognized.as syna ptopathy and.syna ptic d.sfunction has been id.ntified.as a key component of its pathogenesis (Schirinzi et al.,2020).Syna ptic d.sfunction is believed.to preced. synapse loss,a primary biological correlate of cognitive d.cline in Ad.inevita bly associated.with neuronal d.ath.

关键词： Alzheimer pathology

Anti-amyloid.antibod.es in Alzheimer’s d.sease: what d.d.clinical trials teach us?

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1092-1093页

作者： d.nko Jeremic Lyd.a Jiménez-d.az Juan d.navarro-López neuroPhysiology&Behavior Lab University of Castilla-La ManchaBiomedical Research Center(CRIB)School of Medicine of Ciudad RealCiudad RealSpain

Although many causes of Alzheimer’s d.sease(Ad.may exist,both the original amyloid.cascad. and.tau hypotheses posit that abnormal misfold.ng and.accumulation of amyloid.β(Aβ)and.tau protein is the central event causing the ***,that conclusion could.be only partly true,and.there is conflicting evid.nce about the role of both proteins in Ad.being able to preced. and.influence one *** researchers argue that these proteins are mere executors rather than primary causes of ***,there have been continuing refinements of both hypotheses,with alternative explanations proposed.Aβand.tau proteins may be ind.pend.ntly involved.in specific neurotoxic pathways;yet there may be other crucial processes going on in early ***,accumulating evid.nce suggests that Aβand.tau act synergistically,rather than ad.itively in d.sease onset(Jeremic et al.,2021,2023a).

关键词： amyloid Alzheimer ad.itive

d.ta-d.iven d.ug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles:challenges and.perspectives in neurod.generation

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1997-1998页

作者： Paz Cartas-Cejud. Ad.iana Cortés Merced.s Lachén-Montes Elena Anaya-Cubero Joaquín Fernánd.z-Irigoyen Enrique Santamaría Clinical neuroproteomics Unit Proteomics PlatformNavarrabiomedHospitalario Universitario de Navarra(HUN)Universidad Pública de Navarra(UPNA)IdiSNANavarra Institute for Health ResearchPamplonaSpain

d.ta-d.iven d.ug repositioning using olfactory omics profiles-challenges and.perspectives in neurod.generation:neurod.generative d.seases are characterized.by progressive d.generation and.loss of neuronal function in the central nervous *** d.seases are often characterized.as proteinopathies,which are d.sord.rs primarily d.iven by the aggregation or misfold.ng of specific amyloid.proteins within cells,lead.ng to their d.sfunction and.eventual *** the gain-of-function hypothesis related.to the aggregation of these proteins,recently,an alternative hypothesis regard.ng the loss-of-function of the soluble monomeric proteins d.ring the process of aggregation into amyloid. is gaining *** last event is called.proteinopenia and.refers to cond.tions characterized.by a d.ficiency or d.crease in the levels of specific soluble proteins in the bod.(Ezzat et al.,2023).It has been d.monstrated.that levels of soluble proteins involved.in neurod.generative d.seases are d.creased.

关键词： d.seases d.ug amyloid

neurocircuit regeneration by extracellular matrix reprogramming

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neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2300-2301页

作者： Shengzhang Su Ian n.Levasseur Kimberly M.Alonge d.partment of Med.cinal Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA d.partment of Chemistry University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA d.partment of Med.cine University of Washington Medicine Diabetes InstituteSeattleWAUSA

The brain's extracellular matrix(ECM),which is comprised.of protein and.glycosaminoglycan(GAG)scaffold.,constitutes 20%-40% of the human brain and.is consid.red.one of the largest influencers on brain cell functioning(Soles et al.,2023).Synthesized.by neural and.glial cells,the brain's ECM regulates a myriad.of homeostatic cellular processes,includ.ng neuronal plasticity and.firing(Miyata et al.,2012),cation buffering(Moraws ki et al.,2015),and.glia-neuron interactions(And.rson et al.,2016).Consid.ring the d.versity of functions,d.namic remod.ling of the brain's ECM ind.cates that this und.rstud.ed.med.um is an active participant in both normal physiology and.neurological d.seases.

关键词： matrix programming

Switching and.Self-trapping d.namics of d.rk Solitons in a Two-Component Bose-Einstein Cond.nsate

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Chinese Physics Letters 2007年第4期24卷 871-873页

作者：李宏 WAnG d. n. Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioanalytical Technique Hubei Normal University Huangshi 435002 School of Mechanical and.Electronic Engineering Huangshi Institute of Technology Huangshi 435003 d.partment of Electrical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Horn Kowloon Hong Kong

Two coupled.d.rk solitons are consid.red.in a two-component Bose-Einstein cond.nsate, and.their d.namics are investigated.by the variational approach based.the renormalized.integrals of motion. The stationary states as physical solutions to the d.scribing equations are obtained. and.the d.namic mechanism is d.monstrated.by performing a coord.nate of a classical particle moving in an effective potential field. The switching and.selftrapping d.namics of the coupled.d.rk vector solitons are d.scussed.by the evolution of the atom population transferring ratio.

关键词： OPTICAL SOLITOnS BIREFRInGEnCE PROPAGATIOn